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( Markus Reinholz ),( Benjamin M. Clanner-engelshofen ),( Markus V. Heppt,Yoji Hirai1 ),( Thomas Ruzicka ),( Carola Berking ),( Tanja Von Braunmuhl ) 대한피부과학회 2019 Annals of Dermatology Vol.31 No.4
Ingenol mebutate (IM) is approved for the treatment of actinic keratosis and induces cell death in precancerous lesions. The efficacy of IM in the treatment of genital warts was investigated in a therapy-refractory patient. The 74-year-old male was treated with IM gel for three consecutive days. Treatment course and efficacy were evaluated by clinical inspection and non-invasive diagnostics namely optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Within 24 to 48 hours IM induced a strong local inflammatory reaction. One week later a complete response was observed. OCT and RCM showed a strong reaction after treatment with erosions, swelling of cells, and a subepidermal dark band in representative lesions. IM has the advantage of a short treatment period in contrast to other topical treatments and shows a promising clinical outcome. Larger studies are needed to validate the data. (Ann Dermatol 31(4) 434∼437, 2019)
Markus Pohlmann,임현진 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2014 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.43 No.1
Mainstream globalization literature is quite clear in its assumptions of howglobalization affects industrial enterprise. It is presumed to give rise to transnationalcompanies and subsequently, to a transnational class of managers, who use neoliberalmanagement thinking to accelerate the neoliberal transformation of the economy. Thearticle puts these engrained assumptions to strong empirical test by analysing howtransnational the life courses of 475 CEOs of the Top 100 industrial company groups inGermany as well as in Korea, Japan, and China are. Furthermore, having carried out 148in-depth interviews with Top CEOs, the article asks if in fact a neoliberal spirit ofcapitalism is at work. The findings indicate that neoliberal management thinking is notemerging and that top managers are not the switchmen leading towards a financialmarket-driven economy. Although neoliberal management thinking has had some impacton German top managers, the various business systems in East Asia indicate thedominance of more indigenous cultural frames.
Molecular architecture of collagen fibrils: A critical length scale for tough fibrils
Markus J. Buehler 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
Protein materials constitute Nature’s most intriguing material concepts, leading to multi-functional and stimuli responsive materials. Such materials often feature a characteristic hierarchical design, which is characterized by structural features starting at nanoscale. Here we review recent studies of deformation of collagen, Nature’s most abundant structural protein material forming the basis of bone, tendon and skin. We have discovered that a specific nanostructural design with molecular lengths of 200 nm leads to the strongest possible ultra-structure that is still capable of dissipating large amounts of energy before fracture occurs, maximizing the toughness of the material [M.J. Buehler, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103 (2006) 12285]. The analysis explains prevalent molecular length scales observed in tendon, bone and the eye’s cornea, and explains how molecular properties influence the deformation and fracture mechanics of tissues. Protein materials constitute Nature’s most intriguing material concepts, leading to multi-functional and stimuli responsive materials. Such materials often feature a characteristic hierarchical design, which is characterized by structural features starting at nanoscale. Here we review recent studies of deformation of collagen, Nature’s most abundant structural protein material forming the basis of bone, tendon and skin. We have discovered that a specific nanostructural design with molecular lengths of 200 nm leads to the strongest possible ultra-structure that is still capable of dissipating large amounts of energy before fracture occurs, maximizing the toughness of the material [M.J. Buehler, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103 (2006) 12285]. The analysis explains prevalent molecular length scales observed in tendon, bone and the eye’s cornea, and explains how molecular properties influence the deformation and fracture mechanics of tissues.
Experimental studies of control concepts for a parallel manipulator with flexible links
Markus Burkhardt,Robert Seifried,Peter Eberhard 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.7
Control of flexible multibody systems, such as flexible manipulators, is a challenging task. This is especially true if end-effector trajectorytracking is aspired. On the one hand, these systems require a large number of generalized coordinates to describe their dynamicalbehavior accurately. On the other hand, only a small subset of these values can be measured or reconstructed on-the-fly. Hence, it is difficult,if not nearly impossible, to use a state controller. In addition, flexible systems are underactuated, i.e. they possess less control inputsthan generalized coordinates. In case of a non-collocated output controller, which is the case for end-effector trajectory tracking, theclosed loop of the system might lose passivity and is non-minimum phase. In order to achieve end-effector trajectory tracking, exact andapproximate feed-forward controls can be applied. In this work, two different versions of such concepts are compared experimentally. These model-based concepts are computed off-line and they supply, next to the required input values, a C1-continuous solution of thecomplete state vector which can be used for feedback control. If the system is non-minimum phase, a two-sided boundary value problemhas to be solved and the solution includes a pre-actuation as well as a post-actuation phase. While the exact method incorporates all dynamicaleffects of the flexible multibody system, the approximate concepts neglect certain implications, for example the dynamical effectsdue to the flexibility. In addition to the presentation of the theoretical basics of the control approaches and the underlying models,this contribution addresses some of the crucial obstacles, which have to be overcome for the operation of the test bench, e.g., signal conditioning,state reconstruction and friction compensation. Since the installed sensors do not allow the direct measurement of the endeffectorposition, image tracking is used to judge the quality of the different control approaches.