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Microwave Sensing of Precipitation and Probing Atmospheric Pollutants for Environmental Studies
Nanda B. Adhikari,Mandira Adhikari 한국멀티미디어학회 2010 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-
Recent years, climate change problem attracts strong attention. Statistical variation in the mean state of weather and its variability over a certain time-span and certain area refers to the climate change in its true sense. Climate change problems have close connection to atmospheric and hydrospheric phenomena. Solid, liquid and gaseous compositions of the atmosphere interact with incoming solar and outgoing terrestrial radiations in a complex manner resulting in a variety of weather and climate. Among atmospheric compositions, water circulation in the form of gas, solid and liquid plays most important role in the weather and climate systems. Atmospheric pollutants, on the other hand, play role directly in controlling radiation budget and indirectly via cloud formation and precipitation processes. These aspects are studied and explored in this work using microwave radars and particle probing systems. Role of satellite remote sensing and the essence of ground observations for understanding these processes are also explored. And with these concerns to "fingerprint" the alarming impact of "global warming" problem namely on the "cold remote Himalayas", a dream concept of forming an in-house "IT Center for Sensing and Mining Mountain Climate Data" is proposed.
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Promod K. Mehta,Ankush Raj,Netrapal Singh,Krishna B. Gupta,Dhruva Chaudhary,Aparna Yadav,Anil Chaudhary,Kshitij Agarwal,Mandira Varma-Basil,Rajendra Prasad,Gopal K. Khuller 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.1
Purpose: Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) poses serious challenges. A careful selection of appropriate gene targetsis essential for designing a multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) assay. Materials and Methods: We compared several gene targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including IS6110, devR, and genes encodingMPB-64 (mpb64), 38kDa (pstS1), 65kDa (hsp65), 30kDa (fbpB), ESAT-6 (esat6), and CFP-10 (cfp10) proteins, using PCR assayson 105 EPTB specimens. From these data, we chose the two best gene targets to design an M-PCR. Results: Among all gene targets tested, mpb64 showed the highest sensitivity (84% in confirmed cases and 77.5% in clinically suspectedcases), followed by IS6110, hsp65, 38kDa, 30kDa, esat6, cfp10, and devR. We used mpb64+IS6110 for designing an M-PCR assay. Our M-PCR assay demonstrated a high sensitivity of 96% in confirmed EPTB cases and 88.75% in clinically suspected EPTB cases with a high specificity of 100%, taking clinical diagnosis as the gold standard. Conclusion: These M-PCR results along with the clinical findings may facilitate an early diagnosis of EPTB patients and clinical management of disease.
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