The Influence of Domain Knowledge and Task Requirement on the Selection of Learning Strategies in the Internet

Makio Taira 대한사고개발학회 2008 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.18 No.1

This paper has two aims. First it identified the role of domain knowledge in learning with the help of the search engine. Second, it studied the relationship between the role of domain knowledge and the perception of task requirements. In experiment 1, familiarities of search topic were controlled. The results suggested that disorientation in web surfing was caused by a shortage of target domain knowledge. Domain knowledge may assist a searcher to avoid being disoriented and may assist the searcher to find suitable web pages for his(her) interests. In experiment 2, both students’ levels of knowledge in target domain and task requirements were control-ed. The results indicated interactions between aptitude (levels of knowledge) and treatment (task requirements) in learning with search engine. Importance of domain knowledge and the need for deeper understanding of the aptitude-treatment interactions in web-based learning were discussed.

A Filling Problem on Identical Informatic-Cubes toward Theory of Systolic Arrays and Its Open Problems

Makio Ishihara,Minoru Tanaka,Ken Kuriyama 대한전자공학회 2003 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2003 No.7

Cubic Systolic Memory : An Application of Cubic Systolic Array as Memory

Makio Ishihara,Minoru Tanaka,Ken Kuriyama 대한전자공학회 2004 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2004 No.7

Piling : A Merging of Systolic Messy Arrays

Makio Ishihara,Hironori Kida,Minoru Tanaka 대한전자공학회 2004 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2004 No.7

Astaxanthin Biosynthesis Enhanced by Reactive Oxygen Species in the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis

Makio Kobayashi 한국생물공학회 2003 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.8 No.6

The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis has recently attracted great interest due to its large amounts of ketocarotenoid astaxanthin, 3,3'-dihydroxy-ββ,ββ-carotene-4,4'-dione, widely used commercially as a source of pigment for aquaculture. In the life cycle of H. pluvialis, astaxanthin biosynthesis is associated with a remarkable morphological change from green motile vegetative cells into red immotile cyst cells as the resting stage. In recent years we have studied this morphological process from two aspects: defining conditions governing astaxanthin biosynthesis and questioning the possible function of astaxanthin in protecting algal cells against environmental stress. Astaxanthin accumulation in cysts was induced by a variety of environmental conditions of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species, intense light, drought, high salinity, and high temperature. In the adaptation to stress, abscisic acid induced by reactive oxygen species, would function as a hormone in algal morphogenesis from vegetative to cyst cells. Furthermore, measurements of both in vitro and in vivo antioxidative activities of astaxanthin clearly demonstrated that tolerance to excessive reactive oxygen species is greater in astaxanthin-rich cysts than in astaxanthin-poor cysts or astaxanthin-less vegetative cells. Therefore, reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of both algal morphogenesis and carotenogenesis, and the accumulated astaxanthin in cysts can function as a protective agent against oxidative stress damage. In this study, the physiological roles of astaxanthin in stress response and cell protection are reviewed.

Functional research and development of soy sauce

Makio Kobayashi 한국생물공학회 2007 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10

동아시아 특수교육 공동체 구축을 위한 일본 특별지원교육의 위상과 역할

( Nakamura Makio ),홍정숙 ( Jeong Suk Hong ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2011 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.12 No.4

본 논문은 일본 특수교육이 동아시아 특수교육 공동체 구축을 위해 어떤 역할을 할 수 있으며, 그 과제는 무엇인지 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 일본 특수교육이 특별지원 교육 제도로 전환한 배경과 일본 특수교육의 특징 및 형성과정을 검토하였고, 일본 특수교육은 그 장점에도 불구하고 선진국의존, 중앙지향 체질과 밀접한 관련 하에 형성되어 왔음을 밝혔다. 또한 일본 특수교육이 동아시아 특수교육 공동체 구축을 위해 현재 공헌 가능한 활동을 제시함과 동시에, 이러한 역할을 본격적으로 수행하기 위해서는 일본 특수교육의 정체성을 재구축할 필요가 있음을 명시하였다. This thesis aims to look into what roles Japan Japan’s special education can play in establishing an East Asian special education community and what is its tasks. To this end, this paper reviewed the background under which Japan Japan’s special education converted to special support education, its characteristics, and its process of formation, and illuminated that the formation of Japan Japan’s special education, despite its merits, has involved characteristics of being dependent on advanced countries and center-oriented. Moreover, this paper presented activities Japan Japan’’s special education can provide in constructing the East Asian special education community and at the same clarified that its identity should be reestablished to perform such roles in earnest.

Astaxanthin Biosynthesis Enhanced by Reactive Oxygen Species in the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis

Kobayashi, Makio The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2003 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.8 No.6

The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis has recently attracted great inter-est due to its large amounts of ketocarotenoid astaxanthin, 3,3'-dihydroxy-${\beta}$,${\beta}$-carotene-4,4'-dione, widely used commercially as a source of pigment for aquaculture. In the life cycle of H. pluvialis, astaxanthin biosynthesis is associated with a remarkable morphological change from green motile vegetative cells into red immotile cyst cells as the resting stage. In recent years we have studied this morphological process from two aspects: defining conditions governing astaxanthin biosynthesis and questioning the possible function of astaxanthin in protecting algal cells against environmental stress. Astaxanthin accumulation in cysts was induced by a variety of environmental conditions of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species, intense light, drought, high salinity, and high temperature. In the adaptation to stress, abscisic acid induced by reactive oxygen species, would function as a hormone in algal morphogenesis from veget ative to cyst cells. Furthermore, measurements of both in vitro and in vivo antioxidative activities of astaxanthin clearly demonstrated that tolerance to excessive reactive oxygen species is greater in astaxanthin-rich cysts than in astaxanthin-poor cysts or astaxanthin-less vegetative cells. Therefore, reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of both algal morph O-genesis and carotenogenesis, and the accumulated astaxanthin in cysts can function as a protective agent against oxidative stress damage. In this study, the physiological roles of astaxanthin in stress response and cell protection are reviewed.

『성유식론(成唯識論)』의 연기사상

타케무라마키오(Takemura Makio) 동국대학교 불교문화연구원 2009 佛敎學報 Vol.0 No.53

Resistance to UV radiation in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae

Takeshi Suzuki,Makio Takeda 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

Why do two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) inhabit on the underside of leaves? Why are diapause females orange? A possible key to answering these questions is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation directly damages DNA and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS also damages DNA, dissociates proteins, and oxidizes lipids. Because mites are small, the UV/ROS-induced damage would be lethal to mites. In non-diapause females, mortalities under UV-C (250 nm) at 0.6 W m–2 and UV-B (300 nm) at 2.4 W m–2 were significantly higher than those under continuous darkness (DD; control). Oviposition rates in such treatments were significantly lower than those under DD. No significant effects for mortality and oviposition rate were observed under UV-A (350 nm) even when the intensity was as high as 2.4 W m–2. In diapause females, the differences in mortalities between all types of UV radiation and DD were not significant. Interestingly, more than half of diapause females escaped from leaf disks under all types of UV radiation, and the escape rates were significantly higher than those under DD and those for non-diapause females. This suggests that diapause females exhibit negative phototaxis. Mites inhabit the underside of leaves in summer with dense vegetation. Most of UV radiation is absorbed and reflected by leaves. Therefore, the underside of leaves is considered a suitable environment for mites to avoid UV radiation, particularly UV-B (UV-C is completely absorbed by the ozone layer). In autumn, leaves start turning yellow and red as winter approaches and finally, fall. During this phenological event, the UV-B level in the plant canopy would increases dramatically while female mites enter diapause with a change in their body color from yellow-green to orange. It is known that the orange color is mainly due to the accumulation of β-carotene, which plays a role as a scavenger of ROS. Therefore, low mortalities observed in diapause females under UV-C and UV-B may be a result of β-carotene accumulation or merely due to the increase in the escape rate. Therefore, whether the escaped diapause females are resistant to UV-C and UV-B damage needs to be confirmed. Our findings suggest that UV radiation is utilized as an effective non-chemical measure to reduce the mite population and that the selection of habitat and change in body color is the mite’s strategy to reduce the deleterious effects of UV-B.