A recyclable, recoverable, and reformable hydrogel-based smart photocatalyst

Mai, N.,Bae, J.,Kim, I.,Park, S.,Lee, G. W.,Kim, J.,Lee, D.,Son, H.,Lee, Y. C.,Hur, J. RSC 2017 Environmental science Vol.4 No.4

<P>We present a novel hydrogel-based photocatalyst that contains TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) uniformly dispersed in an agarose hydrogel matrix. The preparation of the TiO2/agarose hybrid gel photocatalyst was based on the gelation of agarose in the presence of well-dispersed TiO2 NPs in hot water. TiO2 NPs were homogeneously distributed in the agarose gel as characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. It was found that the size, uniformity, and concentration of the hybrid gel as well as the contents of constituent ingredients have significant effects on the photocatalytic activity. The smaller and uniform size of the hybrid gel at an appropriate concentration exhibited superior photocatalytic performance in both photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV light and TiO2 leakage. In the moderate concentration range of TiO2 and agarose, the degradation rate of MB increased upon increasing the TiO2 content or decreasing the agarose concentration. Under the optimized conditions, our hybrid gel showed excellent recycling performance over repeated use. Furthermore, we demonstrate the additional excellent features of our hybrid gel, which are: i) regeneration of pure TiO2 NPs and ii) thermal reconstruction of the hybrid gel. During the recycling, the TiO2 NPs initially immobilized in the hydrogel could be recovered through the programmed heating and separation techniques. Also, our hybrid gel could be easily reshaped into a new hydrogel with a desired architecture in terms of its size and shape. These unprecedented properties make our hybrid gel a smart and cost-effective new promising material for use in practical waste/water treatment.</P>

Avian Influenza (H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Humans in Asia in 2004 Exhibit Increased Virulence in Mammals

Maines, Taronna R.,Lu, Xui Hua,Erb, Steven M.,Edwards, Lindsay,Guarner, Jeannette,Greer, Patricia W.,Nguyen, Doan C.,Szretter, Kristy J.,Chen, Li-Mei,Thawatsupha, Pranee,Chittaganpitch, Malinee,Waicha American Society for Microbiology 2005 Journal of virology Vol.79 No.18

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses across Asia in 2003 and 2004 devastated domestic poultry populations and resulted in the largest and most lethal H5N1 virus outbreak in humans to date. To better understand the potential of H5N1 viruses isolated during this epizootic event to cause disease in mammals, we used the mouse and ferret models to evaluate the relative virulence of selected 2003 and 2004 H5N1 viruses representing multiple genetic and geographical groups and compared them to earlier H5N1 strains isolated from humans. Four of five human isolates tested were highly lethal for both mice and ferrets and exhibited a substantially greater level of virulence in ferrets than other H5N1 viruses isolated from humans since 1997. One human isolate and all four avian isolates tested were found to be of low virulence in either animal. The highly virulent viruses replicated to high titers in the mouse and ferret respiratory tracts and spread to multiple organs, including the brain. Rapid disease progression and high lethality rates in ferrets distinguished the highly virulent 2004 H5N1 viruses from the 1997 H5N1 viruses. A pair of viruses isolated from the same patient differed by eight amino acids, including a Lys/Glu disparity at 627 of PB2, previously identified as an H5N1 virulence factor in mice. The virus possessing Glu at 627 of PB2 exhibited only a modest decrease in virulence in mice and was highly virulent in ferrets, indicating that for this virus pair, the K627E PB2 difference did not have a prevailing effect on virulence in mice or ferrets. Our results demonstrate the general equivalence of mouse and ferret models for assessment of the virulence of 2003 and 2004 H5N1 viruses. However, the apparent enhancement of virulence of these viruses in humans in 2004 was better reflected in the ferret.</P>

CITIZENS` PERCEPTION ON THE BANGSAMORO FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT AND BANGSAMORO BASIC LAW

( Main Proponent ) 한국정책학회 2016 한국정책학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

This paper seeks to address the long protracted conflict in Mindanao which led to the formulation of the Bangsamoro Basic Law in the Senate of the Philippines. Pending the approval of the proposed Senate Bill, the question foremost in this study is to ask ordinary citizens what is their perception regarding the various aspects of the peace agreement as well as the proposed Bangsamoro Basic Law. Basically descriptive in nature the study utilized the survey method of gathering data with 400 respondents from various areas in Region 10 Northern Mindanao Philippines composed of youths 18 years old and above from secondary and tertiary schools, teachers and professors from various schools and colleges, governmetn workers and individuals from the business or private sector. Results of the citizens` perception showed that the respondents disagreed in all four areas namely, Bangsamoro Frameork Agreement, National Sovereignty, Power and Wealth Sharing, and the Bangsamoro Basic law. The perception of the citizens surveyed demonstrated that the Bangsamoro Framework Agreement will not bring lastion peace in Mindanao. it is also widely disbelieved that the Bangsamoro will not separate from the national sovereignty of the Philippines. Most importantly the respondents also disagreed that the Bangsamoro entity will follow the peace agreement and voluntarily surrender armend groups. There is therefore a wealth of implications on this study towards good governance, re-educationg citizens` mind set on ethnicities and peace builing, and re-examining the legal framework of the proposed Bangsamoro Basic Law. The study also provided an opportunity to present a model of good governance for a sustainable society in Mondanao.

Images from 18F-DOPA Scan in Congenital Hyperinsulinism: Not Always a Clue for Diagnosis

Evelina Maines,Luca Giacomello,Mirko D’Onofrio,Matteo Salgarello,Rossella Gaudino,Laura Baggio,Andrea Bordugo 대한핵의학회 2017 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.51 No.4

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in childhood (Horm Res 70:65-72, 2008; J Clin Endocr Metab 93:869- 875, 2008). 18−Fluoro-L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (18FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) can detect areas of increased activity in the pancreas and may differentiate focal from diffuse CHI (J Clin Endocr Metab 93:869-875, 2008; Radiology 253:216-222, 2009). We here report the case of a girl who complained of recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycaemia despite previous partial pancreatectomy. To evaluate the need for additional surgical intervention, we performed 18F-DOPA PET/ computed tomography (CT), which showed a focal lesion corresponding to the anatomical region of the pancreatic tail. On the other hand, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly demonstrated that the 18F-DOPA uptake was in a loop of bowel occupying the previous surgical bed. Our case highlights that bowel uptake can be a possible pitfall in the interpretation of 18F-DOPA PET/CT in children affected by CHI, suggesting that when 18F-DOPA PET/CT results do not fit the clinical picture, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may allow a more accurate correlation of the radiotracer activity with the underlying anatomical or pathological structure.

비교구문에서 삭제와 생략

정승영 ( Chung Seung-young ),이인식 ( Lee In-sik The Main ) 대한영어영문학회 2002 영어영문학연구 Vol.28 No.3

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss all the syntactic structure phenomena occurring in deletion and ellipsis in the English comparative sentence. Two interrelated different aspects of deletion and ellipsis in the English comparative sentence have been described under the following topics: (1) Deletion in the Comparative Clause (2) Difference between Deletion and Ellipsis in the Comparative Construction. In Chapter II, we have provided the outlines of discrimination and the syntactic frameworks of deletion and subdeletion and ellipsis in the English comparative construction. In Chapter III, we have made some differences of deletion from ellipsis in the comparative construction according to the properties reflecting syntactic structures. We could attain our goals of examining the results of the following topics: (1) the basic concept of deletion and ellipsis (2) ellipsis types in the comparative sentence (3) ellipsis constraints in the comparative clause (4) coordinate structure reduction and comparative ellipsis. In conclusion, this paper has discussed some differences between deletion, subdeletion, ellipsis and coordinate reduction in the English comparative sentences. Furthermore, their interrelated different aspects can be discussed and analyzed by the structural properties of the syntactic frameworks occurring in the comparative construction. < Kyungnam University >

Growth density and regeneration of afforested mangroves at Mirersarai forest range in Bangladesh

Mohammad Main Uddin,Md Siddiqur Rahman,Mohammed Kamal Hossain,Salena Akter 한국산림과학회 2014 Forest Science And Technology Vol.10 No.3

The aim of the study was to determine growth performance of planted mangroves at three beats of Mirersarai forest rangein the Chittagong coastal afforestation division, Bangladesh. This 22–29-year-old mangrove plantation showed satisfactorygrowth and regeneration with variations among different study sites. The study revealed that individual species density andoverall density (stem/ha) in the study sites varied significantly (p0.05) where density of Sonneratia apetala wasmaximum among five species followed by Excoecaria agallocha, Avicennia officinalis, Ceriops decandra and Bruguierasexangula. Sonneratia apetala attained the highest mean diameter at breast height (DBH) (cm) and height (m) among allthe plantation species. It was found dominant at the middle section plantations of three beats, whereas Bruguierasexangula and Ceriops decandra were found absent at seaside plantation sites. Overall tree density was found to be highestat the middle part (1880 stem/ha) followed by inland (1610 stem/ha) and seaside (1087 stem/ha) plantations. Mean annualincrement of height and of DBH were significantly higher for Sonneratia apetala (0.42 m/year, 0.81 cm/year) followed byAvicennia officinalis (0.32 m/year, 0.67 cm/year), Bruguiera sexangula (0.18 m/year, 0.40 cm/year), Excoecaria agallocha(0.16 m/year, 0.30 cm/year) and Ceriops decandra (0.05 m/year, 0.10 cm/year), respectively. Regeneration of vegetationsshowed promising performance in three beats. Sonneratia apetala showed rich regeneration at seaside plantations thaninner parts in northern beats than those of southern beats. For all beats this species has an increased regeneration frominland to seaside plantation strips. Avicennia officinalis seedlings were found highest at the middle part of the plantation,whereas Excoecaria agallocha was found to be regenerated with high density at the inland part with a decreasing trendtoward seaside strips. However, Bruguiera sexangula was found to be regenerated only at inland strips. Thus, this suggeststhat a coastal afforestation program with different species will show varied growth, regeneration and density at differentsituations according to species ecology and adaptability to the sites along the coast .

빌라 펠리카노스

마인오피스(MAIN OFFICE),ⓒRafael Gamo(사진) 현대건축사 2020 (월간)Maru Vol.- No.226

번역 : 유언상속(遺言相續)의 초기(初期) 역사(歷史)『고대법(Ancient Law)』 제6장

헨리섬너메인 ( Maine ) 서울대학교 법학연구소 2008 서울대학교 法學 Vol.49 No.3

빌라 펠리카노스

마인오피스(MAIN OFFICE),ⓒRafael Gamo(사진) 현대건축사 2020 마루 Vol.- No.226

Genomics and bioinformatics resources for translational science in Rosaceae

Sook Jung,Dorrie Main 한국식물생명공학회 2014 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.8 No.2

Recent technological advances in biologypromise unprecedented opportunities for rapid and sustainableadvancement of crop quality. Following this trend,the Rosaceae research community continues to generatelarge amounts of genomic, genetic and breeding data. These include annotated whole genome sequences, transcriptomeand expression data, proteomic and metabolomicdata, genotypic and phenotypic data, and genetic andphysical maps. Analysis, storage, integration and disseminationof these data using bioinformatics tools and databasesare essential to provide utility of the data for basic,translational and applied research. This review discussesthe currently available genomics and bioinformaticsresources for the Rosaceae family.