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The role of programmed death ligand 1 pathway in persistent biomaterial-associated infections
Agnieszka Magryś,Jolanta Paluch-Oleś,Agnieszka Bogut,Michał Kiełbus,Dorota Plewik,Maria Kozioł-Montewka 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.8
Staphylococcus epidermidis is commonly involved in biomaterial- associated infections. Bacterial small colony variants (SCV) seem to be well adapted to persist intracellularly in professional phagocytes evading the host immune response. We studied the expression of PD-L1/L2 on macrophages infected with clinical isolates of S. epidermidis SCV and their parent wild type (WT) strains. The cytokine pattern which is triggered by the examined strains was also analysed. In the study, we infected macrophages with S. epidermidis WT and SCV strains. Persistence and release from macrophages were monitored via lysostaphin protection assays. Moreover, the effect of IFN-γ pre-treatment on bacterial internalisation was investigated. Expression of PD-L1/L2 molecules was analysed with the use of FACS. Inflammatory reaction was measured by IL-10, TNF-α ELISAs, and transcriptional induction of TNF-α. Our study revealed that clinical SCV isolates were able to persist and survive in macrophages for at least 3 days with a low cytotoxic effect and a reduced proinflammatory response as compared to WT strains. Bacteria upregulated PD-L1/L2 expression on macrophages as compared to non-stimulated cells. The results demonstrated that the ability of S. epidermidis SCVs to induce elevated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, and reduced transcriptional induction of TNF-α, together with expression of PD-L1 on macrophages and the ability to persist intracellularly without damaging the host cell could be the key factor contributing to chronicity of SCV infections.
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Optimization Strategies and Nonlinear Control for Hybrid Renewable Energy Conversion System
Adil Mansouri,Abdelmounime El Magri,Rachid Lajouad,Aziz Watil,Fouad Giri 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.11
This paper focuses on controlling and optimizing a hybrid renewable energy system. The complex interactions and intermittent nature of renewable sources pose challenges to grid stability, necessitating sophisticated control strategies. The system includes a photovoltaic generator and a wind energy conversion system with a permanent magnet synchronous generator. Two key innovations are presented: i) connecting the photovoltaic generator to the grid in hybridization with the wind turbine without using a DC/DC converter, simplifying the structure, reducing losses, and ensuring grid stability and reliability; and ii) designing multi-objective controllers using the maximum power point tracking method based solely on electrical parameters, leading to fewer sensors and higher reliability compared to previous methods that required additional measurements like wind speed and irradiance. To address these challenges, a multiloop nonlinear controller is proposed, employing integral sliding mode and backstepping design techniques based on an accurate nonlinear system model. The stability of the multiloop control system is ensured using a suitable Lyapunov function.
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Tommaso Cai,Francesca Pisano,Gabriella Nesi,Vittorio Magri,Paolo Verze,Gianpaolo Perletti,Paolo Gontero,Vincenzo Mirone,Riccardo Bartoletti 대한비뇨의학회 2017 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.58 No.6
Purpose: The role of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection in chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is well known. What is unclear is whether there are any differences in the course or clinical outcome of the disease when the cause is CT or other uropathogens. Materials and Methods: A series of 311 patients affected by CBP due to CT (cohort A) was compared with a group of 524 patients affected by CBP caused by common uropathogen bacteria (cohort B). All participants completed the following questionnaires: National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index, International Prostate Symptom Score, International Index of Erectile Function-15 erectile function domain (IIEF-15-EFD), Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey. All patients were followed with clinical and microbiological evaluations. Results: After a mean follow-up time of 42.3 months, the number of symptomatic episodes was significantly higher in patients in cohort A than in cohort B (4.1±1.1 vs. 2.8±0.8, p<0.001), and the mean time to first symptomatic recurrence was shorter in cohort A than in cohort B (3.3±2.3 months vs. 5.7±1.9 months, p<0.001). Moreover, scores on the SF-36 tool were significantly lower in cohort A (96.5±1.0 vs. 99.7±1.9, p<0.001) at the first symptomatic recurrence. Cohort A also showed significantly lower scores on the IIEF-15-EFD and PEDT questionnaires at the end of the follow-up period (26.8±2.9 vs. 27.3±3.3, p=0.02 and 11.5±2.3 vs. 4.5±2.8, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Patients affected by CBP due to CT infection have a higher number of symptomatic recurrences with a more severe impact on quality of life.
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Ana Beatriz Albino de Almeida,Anderson Luiz-Ferreira,Maı´ra Cola,Luciana Di Pietro Magri,Leonia Maria Batista,Joseilson Alves de Paiva,Jose´ Roberto Trigo,Alba R.M. Souza-Brito 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.4
Arctium lappa L. has been used in folk medicine as a diuretic, depurative, and digestive stimulant and in dermatological conditions. The mechanisms involved in the anti-ulcerogenic activity of the sesquiterpene onopordopicrin (ONP)-enriched fraction (termed the ONP fraction), obtained from A. lappa leaves, were studied. The gastroprotective mechanism of the ONP fraction was evaluated in experimental in vivo models in rodents, mimicking this disease in humans. ONP fraction (50mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited the mucosal injury induced by ethanol/HCl solution (75%), indomethacin/bethanecol (68.9%), and stress (58.3%). When the ONP fraction was investigated in pylorus ligature, it did not induce alteration in the gastric volume but did modify the pH and total acid concentration of gastric juice. ONP fraction significantly increased serum somatostatin levels (82.1 – 4.1 vs. control group 12.7 – 4 pmol/L) and decreased serum gastrin levels (62.6 – 6.04 vs. control group 361.5 – 8.2 lU/mL). Mucus production was not significantly altered by the ONP fraction. Gastroprotection by the ONP fraction was completely inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide treatment and did not modify the effect in the animals pretreated with l-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester. These results suggest an antisecretory mechanism involved with the antiulcerogenic effect of the ONP fraction. However, only endogenous sulfhydryls play an important role in gastroprotection of the ONP fraction.
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