격의 아이덴터티와 러시아어 및 격을 가진 언어의 보편적 격 시스템 형성

M. Bílý 한국슬라브어학회 2004 슬라브어연구 Vol.9 No.-

본 고는 형태론적 범주가 확립이 되면 이것은 암묵적으로 다른 언어의 패러다임에도 존재하는 것으로 인식된다는 예름슬레우의 가상성 법칙(virtuality principle) 및 기술적 보편성(descriptive generality)에 기반하고 있다. Siedel에 의하면 형태론적 격의 수를 결정하는 데 세 가지 중요한 법칙 즉 Diff, Unimax, Unimin이 있는데, 이러한 법칙에 따라 러시아어를 살펴보면, 러시아어 명사 곡용 빠라디그마는 동일한 갯수의 개별적인 형태들의 빠라디그마가 모두 "동일한" 수의 최소 격집합을 보유하고 있다는 견해를 뒷받침할 만한 체계를 형성하고 있지 않다. 따라서 러시아어 격의 수는 최소 5개라는 주장부터 최대 17개라고 보는 견해까지 다양한 이론이 존재한다. 이 중 러시아어학자 잘리즈냑은 주격(nominative), 전치사 비결합 생격 (prepositionless genitive), 전치사 결합 생격(genitive with a preposition), 전치사 비결합 부분격(prepositionless partitive), 전치사 결합 부분격(partitive with a preposition), 전치사 비결합 여격(prepositionless dative), 전치사 결합 여격(dative with a preposition), 전치사 비결합 대격(prepositionless accusative), 전치사 결합 대격(accusative with a preposition), 전치사 비결합 조격(prepositionless instrumental), 전치사 결합 조격(instrumental with a preposition), 전치격(prepositional), 장소격(locative), 숫자격(numeral) 및 3개의 추가적 격을 포함한 17개의 격이 러시아어 체계 내에 존재한다고 본다. 본 고에서는 잘리즈냑이 주장한 러시아어 17개의 격이 모두 개별적인 격으로 인정될 수 있는가를 A, B, C, D, E, F, G의 7개의 원칙을 가지고 검증해 본다. 그 결과 러시아어 격 체계에는 잘리즈냑의 17개 격 중에서 다음 9개의 격만이 개별적인 격으로 인정될 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. : 주격(nominative, 무표) – 호격(vocative, 유표), 생격(genitive, 무표) – 부분격(partitive, 유표), 전치격(prepositional, 무표) –위치격(locative, 유표), 여격(dative), 대격(accusative), 조격(instrumental). 이 중 주격과 호격, 생격과 부분격, 전치격과 위치격은 결여적(privative) 혹은 대등적(equipollent) 결합 관계를 이루고 있으며, 각각의 대립에서 주격, 생격, 전치격은 무표적인 성격을 띠고 있으며, 호격, 부분격, 위치격은 유표적인 성격을 띠는 것으로 간주된다. 한편 러시아어 복수형 명사의 격 체계에서는 주격(nominative), 생격(genitive), 여격(dative), 대격(accusative), 전치격(prepositional), 조격(instrumental)의 6가지 격이 개별적인 격으로 인정되며, 따라서 러시아어에서는 최소한 6개의 격이 존재한다고 볼 수 있다. 결국 잘리즈냑이 주장한 특정한 문맥에서만 성립하는 숫자격 등의 4개의 격이나 전치사 결합에 따른 5개의 추가적인 격은 개별적인 격으로 분류될 수 없음이 밝혀졌다. 또한 이러한 과정에서 사용된 원칙들은 보편성을 띠고 있으므로, 러시아어 격뿐 아니라 다른 언어의 격 체계를 분석하는 데에도 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Identification and Validation of Cold Responsive MicroRNAs of Hevea brasiliensis Using High Throughput Sequencing

Linu Kuruvilla,MB Mohamed Sathik,Molly Thomas,Lisha P Luke,Sumesh KV 한국작물학회 2017 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.20 No.5

Cold stress is one of the major abiotic factors that influence the productivity and geographical distribution of many agriculturally important crops like Hevea brasiliensis. Cultivation of H. brasiliensis in India is being extended to northeastern regions, where low temperature during winter adversely affects its survival, growth, and productivity. Developing cold-tolerant genotypes is a primary requisite to maximize the productivity under such challenging environmental conditions. However, lack of methods for early evaluation of cold tolerance in the newly developed clones and the extensive time required for assessing their tolerance in the field are major constraints for clonal selection. The present study was initiated with an objective to identify and characterize cold stress responsive miRNAs from H. brasiliensis that show stronger association with cold tolerance. Next generation sequencing using Illumina HiSeq method revealed the expression of 21 and 29 conserved miRNA (from clone RRIM 600) families in cold-stressed and control samples, respectively. Forty-two novel miRNAs were identified from this study. Upon differential expression analysis, eight conserved miRNAs were found commonly expressed in both the samples. When expression analyses were performed subsequently with six selected miRNAs in two Hevea clones (viz. RRII 105 and RRIM 600), miR169 showed a strong association with cold tolerance. miRNAs such as miR482 and miR159 also exhibited association with cold tolerance. This study suggests the possibility of employing these miRNAs as markers for cold tolerance after validation in more number of genotypes with varying levels of cold tolerance.

자궁경부세포진 검사방법에 따른 경관선세포, 화생세포 출현율의 비교

김민관,한만봉,남계현,이권해,조태호,진소영 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 1994 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.5 No.1

The retrieval of columnar endocervical cells from the squamocolumnar junction has generally beer considered to be a measure of the adequacy of a Papanicolaous smear ; this implies that if endocervical cells are absent from the smear, the examination for cervical cancer is less than optimal and should be repeated. The quality of the cervical smear, a decisive factor in the efficacy of population screening can depend on the sampling method utilized. An analysis was made of the performance of the, four sampling methods each had used ; Self cytxpick(method A), Cotton ball(method B), Cytobrush(method C), Cervix(method D). 1) Endorervical cells were present in 85% (method C), 74%(mehtod D), 14% (method B), 7% (method A). 2) Metaplastic cells were present in 44%(method D), 40%.(method C), 27%(method B), 8%(method A) of the smears. Based on the results of this study we would advise the use af Cytobrush or Cervix for population screening and would advise against, the use of cotton ball.

Treatment of Humeral Shaft Nonunions

Micic ID,Mitkovic MB,Mladenovic DS,Park IH,Kim SY,Jeon IH 대한견주관절의학회 2006 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.5

Clinical outcome of fiducial-less CyberKnife radiosurgery for stage I non-small cell lung cancer

In-Hye Jung,MD,MB,Si Yeol Song,MD,PhD,Jinhong Jung,MD,PhD,Byungchul Cho,PhD,Jungwon Kwak,PhD,Hyoung Uk Je,MD,PhD,Wonsik Choi,MD,PhD,Nuri Hyun Jung,MD,MS,Su Ssan Kim,MD,PhD,Eun Kyung Choi,MD,PhD 대한방사선종양학회 2015 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.33 No.2

Purpose: To evaluate the treatment results in early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients who have undergone fiducial-less CyberKnife radiosurgery (CKRS). Materials and Methods: From June 2011 to November 2013, 58 patients underwent CKRS at Asan Medical Center for stage I lung cancer. After excluding 14 patients, we retrospectively reviewed the records of the remaining 44 patients. All analyses were performed using SPSS ver. 21. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 75 years. Most patients had inoperable primary lung cancer with a poor pulmonary function test with comorbidity or old age. The clinical stage was IA in 30 patients (68.2%), IB in 14 (31.8%). The mean tumor size was 2.6 cm (range, 1.2 to 4.8 cm), and the tumor was smaller than 2 cm in 12 patients (27.3%). The radiation dose given was 48−60 Gy in 3−4 fractions. In a median follow-up of 23.1 months, local recurrence occurred in three patients (2-year local recurrence-free survival rate, 90.4%) and distant metastasis occurred in 13 patients. All patients tolerated the radiosurgery well, only two patients developing grade 3 dyspnea. The most common complications were radiation-induced fibrosis and pneumonitis. Eight patients died due to cancer progression. Conclusion: The results showed that fiducial-less CKRS shows comparable local tumor control and survival rates to those of LINAC-based SABR or CKRS with a fiducial marker. Thus, fiducial-less CKRS using Xsight lung tracking system can be effectively and safely performed for patients with medically inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer without any risk of procedure-related complication.

재발한 뇌동맥류의 치료

박종수,임만빈,김일만,이창영,손은익,김동원 대한신경외과학회 2003 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.33 No.5

Antiulcer activity of Trichosanthes cucumerina linn. against experimental gastro-duodenal ulcers in rats

VJ Galani,SS Goswami,MB Shah 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2010 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.10 No.3

Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn. (cucurbitaceae) is widely used in Indian folk medicine for variety of disease conditions. The aim of present study was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of 50%ethanolic extract of fruits of Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn. (TCFE) using various experimental models of gastric and duodenal ulceration in rats. Oral administration of 50% ethanolic extract of fruits of Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn. was evaluated in rats against ethanol, aspirin and pylorus ligated gastric ulcers as well as cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers. In all the models studied,the antiulcer activity of TCFE compared with that of cimetidine (100 mg/kg, p.o.), an H2receptor antagonist. TCFE showed significant antiulcer activity in ethanol-induced and aspirin-induced gastric ulcer models. In 19 h pylorus ligated rats, significant reduction in ulcer index, total acidity and pepsin activity was observed with TCFE, when compared with the control group. Mucosal defensive factors such as pH, mucin activity and gastric wall mucous content was found to be increased with TCFE. TCFE was also, afforded remarkable protection in cysteamine-induced duodenal lesions. The antiulcer activity of TCFE was comparable with that of cimetidine. Thus,TCFE possess significant antiulcer activity against both gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. The antiulcer activity may be attributed to its cytoprotective action and inhibition of acid secretary parameters.

동물의 번식 효율증진을 위한 한약제의 활용

( Gupte Ss ),( Dickie Mb ),( Bacowsky H. Dvm ) 한국수의병리학회 2002 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.1

유럽에서 돼지 번식 효율 증진과 비육을 위한 적절한 활용방법과 몇 가지 잘 조제된 한약제가 규격화되어 나왔다. 이 자료에는 한약제의 효능의 기준을 비롯하여 위생에 대해서도 제시하고 있다. 대학 및 연구기관, 임상 수의사들과 사료업체들이 수행했던 지난 수년간의 실험과 연구 결과를 토대로 돼지 번식효율 증진을 위한 한약제를 사료첨가제로 활용하여 최적화시켰다. 유럽의 수의분야에서 사용되었던 4가지의 특정 한약제를 기본으로 하여 돼지 사양에 있어서 가장 중요한 문제들의 대부분이 성공적으로 해결되었다. 즉 수정률, 호흡기질병, 설사와 스트레스에 관한 문제들인데 면역이 억압되고 저질의 자돈이 생산됨에 따라 생산성 저하에 따른 엄청난 경제적인 손실을 대처할 수 있다. 또한 일반적인 임상증상을 치료하면서 동시에 가장 중요한 것 중의 하나는 자기방어체계를 증진시킨다는 것이다. 이로써 동물의 면역력과 활력을 증가시키고 건강을 유지시켜서 폐사율을 감소시킨다. 게다가 여기에서 제시된 자료들은 일상적으로 사용되었던 항생제나 호르몬제제들의 사용을 대체할 수 있는 한약제들인데 고효율임이 증명되었다. 이러한 한약제들은 백신 프로그램이나 성장을 촉진시키는 인자들과 상호보완 상승작용도 가져 온다. In a comprehensive summary use and supplementation of some well defined natural herbal formulations in the European swine breeding and fattening is documented. Along with this data also the quality assurance, hygenic as well as the standards of efficacy of the formulations are presented. Series of experimental and development work over the last several years with universities, research institutes, veterinarians and feed industry proved that the application of such phylo-components (feed supplementation) result in to optimizing swine breeding practices. On the basis of 4 specific formulations tested and used in the European veterinary field most of the common problems of pig breeding and rearing can be successfully handled. Precisely, problems of fertility, respiration, diarrhea and stress; which are directly related to imerse losses in production, with poor quality of piglets associated with immune suppressions. Besides curing common symptoms, one of the most important aspect is of improvement in the self defence mechanism which results ultimately in to increased immunity, vitality and health of the animals; of course, thereby reducing the mortality which is the most economical problem observed in the animal health. Moreover, data presented here reflects on the fact that the use of such high quality alternative formulations successfully replace conventionally used antibiotics or hormonal therapies. They also work synergestically of as complementary in vaccination program or act as growth promoting agents on natural basis.

Treatment of the humeral shaft aseptic nonunion using plate or unilateral external fixator

Micic ID,Mitkovic MB,Mladenovic DS,Golubovic VZ 대한견주관절의학회 2014 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.3

말단비대증의 경접형동 미세수술 결과

김일만,임만빈,이창영 대한신경외과학회 2002 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.32 No.2