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Darragh Lydon,S.E. Taylor,Myra Lydon,Jesus Martinez del Rincon,David Hester 국제구조공학회 2019 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.24 No.6
Globally road transport networks are subjected to continuous levels of stress from increasing loading and environmental effects. As the most popular mean of transport in the UK the condition of this civil infrastructure is a key indicator of economic growth and productivity. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems can provide a valuable insight to the true condition of our aging infrastructure. In particular, monitoring of the displacement of a bridge structure under live loading can provide an accurate descriptor of bridge condition. In the past B WIM systems have been used to collect traffic data and hence provide an indicator of bridge condition, however the use of such systems can be restricted by bridge type, assess issues and cost limitations. This research provides a non contact low cost AI based solution for vehicle classification and associated bridge displacement using computer vision methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been adapted to develop the QUBYOLO vehicle classification method from recorded traffic images. This vehicle classification was then accurately related to the corresponding bridge response obtained under live loading using non contact methods. The successful identification of multiple vehicle types during field testing has shown that QUBYOLO is suitable for the fine grained vehicle classification required to identify applied load to a bridge structure. The process of displacement analysis and vehicle classification for the purposes of load identification which was used in this research adds to the body of knowledge on the monitoring of existing bridge structures, particularly long span bridges, and establishes the significant potential of computer vision and Deep Learning to provide dependable results on the real response of our infrastructure to existing and potential increased loading.
Kim, Minah,Park, Hyeung Ju,Seol, Jae Won,Jang, Jeon Yeob,Cho, Young-Suk,Kim, Kyu Rae,Choi, Youngsok,Lydon, John P,DeMayo, Francesco J,Shibuya, Masabumi,Ferrara, Napoleone,Sung, Hoon-Ki,Nagy, Andras,Al Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013 EMBO molecular medicine Vol.5 No.9
<P>The features and regulation of uterine angiogenesis and vascular remodelling during pregnancy are poorly defined. Here we show that dynamic and variable decidual angiogenesis (sprouting, intussusception and networking), and active vigorous vascular remodelling such as enlargement and elongation of ‘vascular sinus folding’ (VSF) and mural cell drop-out occur distinctly in a spatiotemporal manner in the rapidly growing mouse uterus during early pregnancy — just after implantation but before placentation. Decidual angiogenesis is mainly regulated through VEGF-A secreted from the progesterone receptor (PR)-expressing decidual stromal cells which are largely distributed in the anti-mesometrial region (AMR). In comparison, P<SUB>4</SUB>-PR-regulated VEGF-A-VEGFR2 signalling, ligand-independent VEGFR3 signalling and uterine natural killer (uNK) cells positively and coordinately regulate enlargement and elongation of VSF. During the postpartum period, Tie2 signalling could be involved in vascular maturation at the endometrium in a ligand-independent manner, with marked reduction of VEGF-A, VEGFR2 and PR expressions. Overall, we show that two key vascular growth factor receptors — VEGFR2 and Tie2 — strikingly but differentially regulate decidual angiogenesis and vascular remodelling in rapidly growing and regressing uteri in an organotypic manner.</P>
In vivo imaging of human burn injuries with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography.
Kim, Ki Hean,Pierce, Mark C,Maguluri, Gopi,Park, B Hyle,Yoon, Sang June,Lydon, Martha,Sheridan, Robert,de Boer, Johannes F SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engine 2012 Journal of biomedical optics Vol.17 No.6
<P>The accurate determination of burn depth is critical in the clinical management of burn wounds. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) has been proposed as a potentially non-invasive method for determining burn depth by measuring thermally induced changes in the structure and birefringence of skin, and has been investigated in pre-clinical burn studies with animal models and ex vivo human skin. In this study, we applied PS-OCT to the in-vivo imaging of two pediatric burn patients. Deep and superficial burned skins along with contralateral controls were imaged in 3D. The imaging size was 8 mm 6 mm 2 mm in width, length, and depth in the air respectively, and the imaging time was approximately 6 s per volume. Superficially burned skins exhibited the same layered structure as the contralateral controls, but more visible vasculature and reduced birefringence compared to the contralateral controls. In contrast, a deeply burned skin showed loss of the layered structure, almost absent vasculature, and smaller birefringence compared to superficial burns. This study suggested the vasculature and birefringence as parameters for characterizing burn wounds.</P>
MicroRNA is required for uterine stromal cell proliferation in mice
Yeon Sun Kim,Hye-Ryun Kim,Jung Ah Yoon,Hyong Bum Kim,John P Lydon,Francesco J DeMayo,Youngsok Choi,Haengseok Song 한국발생생물학회 2013 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2013 No.8
DGCR8 is a RNA-binding protein working with DROSHA involved in critical processes for microRNA production in the nucleus. To understand function of miRNAs in the uterus, we have produced uterus-specific Dgcr8 conditional knock-out mice using two well-known Cre mouse models, anti-Mullerian hormone receptor 2 (Amhr2)-Cre and progesterone receptor (PR)-Cre. Dgcr8flox/flox;PRcre/+ mice were mainly analyzed and considered as uDgcr8 KO in this study unless otherwise indicated as Dgcr8flox/flox;Amhr2cre/+ mice. Morphological and histological analyses, embryo cultures, genomic DNA PCR, realtime RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed. uDgcr8 KO females bred with fertile males did not produce any offspring, suggesting that these mice are infertile. Vaginal smear analyses showed that these mice do not undergo estrous cycle, whereas Dgcr8flox/flox;Amhr2cre/+ mice exhibited regular estrous cyclicity. In vitro culture of 2-cell stage embryos and histological analyses for CL in uDgcr8 KO demonstrated that they can respond to gonadotrophins to ovulate healthy oocytes with comparable fertilization potentials as compared to those in Dgcr8flox/flox mice (Control). Gross morphology, histology, and weight of uteri of uDgcr8 KO mice were similar to those of control at 3-week-old stage. However, uterus become extremely thinner and shorter from 4-week-old stage onward. Histological examination showed significant reduction in gland numbers and stromal area from 4-week-old stage. Interestingly, this phenotype is reflected by significant increase of PR expression in the uteri of 4-week-old mice. In addition, stromal cell proliferation of uDgcr8 KO is severely impaired. BrdU incorporation experiments showed that while epithelial cells undergo proliferation by E2 treatment, stromal cells do not incorporate BrdU under the uterine conditions provided with E2+P4. Collectively, these results conclude that microRNAs are essential for uterine stromal cell proliferation in mice.
Yeon Sun Kim,Hye-Ryun Kim,Jung Ah Yoon,Seung Chul Yang,Mira Park,Seok-Ho Hong,Hyong Bum Kim,John P Lydon,Francesco J DeMayo,Youngsok Choi,Dong Ryul Lee,Haengseok Song 한국발생생물학회 2015 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2015 No.9
DGCR8 is a RNA-binding protein working with DROSHA to produce pre-microRNA in the nucleus, while DICER does not only mature microRNA but also endogenous siRNAs in the cytoplasm. Here, we have produced Dgcr8 conditional knock-out mice using progesterone receptor (PR)-Cre (Dgcr8flox/flox; PRcre/+ mice, Dgcr8d/d) and demonstrated that canonical microRNAs dependent of DROSHA-DGCR8 complex are required for uterine development as well as female fertility in mice. Adult Dgcr8d/d females did not undergo regular reproductive cycle and produce any pups when housed with fertile males, whereas administration of exogenous gonadotropins induced normal ovulation with corpus luteal formation in these mice. Ovulated oocytes from Dgcr8d/d mice had comparable fertilization potentials and were normally developed to the blastocyst after fertilization as compared to those in control Dgcr8f/f mice. Interestingly, PR-Cre-dependent Dgcr8 deletion showed aberrant infiltration of acute inflammatory immune cells to female reproductive organs only when Dgcr8d/d mice were mated with male mice. With respect to uterine development, gross morphology, histology, and weight of Dgcr8d/d uterus were similar to those of control at 3-week-old age. However, multiple uterine abnormalities were noticeable at 4-week-old age when PR expression is significantly increased, and these deformities became severe onwards. Gland formation and myometrial layers were significantly reduced, and stromal cell compartment did not expand and became atrophic during uterine development in these mice. These results were consistent with aberrantly reduced cell proliferation in stromal cell compartments of Dgcr8d/d mice. Collectively, our results suggest that DGCR8 dependent-canonical microRNAs are essential for development and physiology of the uterus with respect to morphogenesis, proper immune modulation, reproductive cycle, and steroid hormone responsiveness in mice.