Effect of Degumming Methods on the Degradation Behavior of Silk Fibroin Biomaterials

Luping Wang,Zuwei Luo,Qiang Zhang,Yupin Guan,Junyi Cai,Renchuan You,Xiufang Li 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.1

Degradation behavior is a key consideration in the field of silk fibroin (SF) biomaterials. Degumming to remove sericin is a prerequisite for SF purification; however, the impact of degumming on the degradation behavior of SF biomaterials has not been established. In this study, two different degumming systems, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, were used. Na2CO3 exhibited higher degumming efficiency but caused greater degradation of the fibroin. The results demonstrated that NaHCO3 degumming could afford regenerated SF with higher molecular weight, resulting in SF films with higher mechanical strengths. The enzymatic degradation behaviors indicated that the SF films prepared by the Na2CO3 degumming process showed faster degradation, revealing that the choice of degumming method has a substantial impact on the biodegradation of SF-based materials. The results showed that manipulating the degumming conditions can be used to tune the molecular weight of the SF, in turn providing control over the degradation rate of SF biomaterials.

Impact of NR1I2, adenosine triphosphateebinding cassette transporters genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside compound K in healthy Chinese volunteers

Luping Zhou,Lulu Chen,Yaqin Wang,Jie Huang,Guo Ping Yang,Zhi-Rong Tang,Yicheng Wang,Jianwei Liao,Gan Zhou,Kai-hua Wei,Zhenyu Li,Dongsheng Ouyang 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.3

Background: Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is a promising drug candidate for rheumatoid arthritis. Thisstudy examined the impact of polymorphisms in NR1I2, adenosine triphosphateebinding cassette (ABC)transporter genes on the pharmacokinetics of CK in healthy Chinese individuals. Methods: Forty-two targeted variants in seven genes were genotyped in 54 participants using SequenomMassARRAY system to investigate their association with major pharmacokinetic parameters of CK and itsmetabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD). Subsequently, molecular docking was simulated using theAutoDock Vina program. Results: ABCC4 rs1751034 TT and rs1189437 TT were associated with increased exposure of CK anddecreased exposure of 20(S)-PPD, whereas CFTR rs4148688 heterozygous carriers had the lowestmaximum concentration (Cmax) of CK. The area under the curve from zero to the time of the lastquantifiable concentration (AUClast) of CK was decreased in NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 homozygouscarriers, while Cmax was significantly reduced only in rs2472682. ABCC4 rs1151471 and CFTR rs2283054influenced the pharmacokinetics of 20(S)-PPD. In addition, several variations in ABCC2, ABCC4, CFTR, andNR1I2 had minor effects on the pharmacokinetics of CK. Quality of the best homology model of multidrugresistance protein 4 (MRP4) was assessed, and the ligand interaction plot showed the mode of interactionof CK with different MRP4 residues. Conlusion: ABCC4 rs1751034 and rs1189437 affected the pharmacokinetics of both CK and 20(S)-PPD. NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 were only associated with the pharmacokinetics of CK. Thus, thesehereditary variances could partly explain the interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of CK.

A SERIES OF MONODISPERSE SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY A ONE-POT SYNTHESIS

LUPING TANG,Huichao Zhang,Yiping Cui,Jiayu Zhang,YONGHONG YE,SHENFEI ZONG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.1

A series of monodisperse Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs), whose size can be tuned between 2 nm and34 nm, have been successfully synthesized in one pot by controlling the growth time. The stan-dard deviation of the small-size Ag NPs is 12% while that of the large-size ones is 15%. During thesynthesis process, sodium borohydride and sodium dodecyl sulfate were used as reducing agentand surfactant, respectively, and the e®ect of the synthesis parameters on the size-tuning rangeand the size distribution of Ag NPs was studied to get the optimum growth condition. Moreover,surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra were analyzed to explore the synthesismechanism of Ag NPs

Novel extraction technologies and potential applications of egg yolk proteins

Luping Gu,Yufang Liu,Wanqiu Zhang,Junhua Li,Cuihua Chang,Yujie Su,Yanjun Yang 한국식품과학회 2023 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.32 No.2

The high nutritional value and diverse functional properties of egg yolk proteins have led to its widespread use in the fields of food, medicine, and cosmetics. Various extraction methods have been reported to obtain the proteins from egg yolk, however, their utilization is limited due to the relatively low extraction efficiency and/or toxic solvents involved. Several simpler and greener technologies, especially physical fields (ultrasound), have been successfully developed to improve the extraction efficiency. The egg yolk proteins may exert multiple biological activities, enabling them to be a promising tool in improve human health and wellbeing, such as anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-osteoporosis, diagnosis and therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article summarizes the novel extraction technologies and latest applications of the egg yolk proteins in the recent 5 years, which should stimulate their utilization as health-promoting functional ingredients in foods and other commercial products.

Legal Implication of Business Transfer and Its Development under China"s Corporate Law

YUAN Luping 성신여자대학교 법학연구소 2014 성신법학 Vol.- No.14

중국 법제도상 영업양도에 관한 문제는 현재 활발히 진행 중인 경제개혁의 일환의 맥락에서 이해할 수 있다. 필자는 본 소고를 통하여 현재 중국 법제도상 영업양도에 관한 관행, 법률 및 학설 등을 소개함으로서 중국의 영업양도 법제도 전반에 관하여 살펴보도록 한다. 본 소고는 특히 중국인과 외국인 주주로 혼합되어 구성되어 있는 중국회사에 관한 유용한 정보를 제공함과 동시에 향후 좀 더 명확하고 일관적인 중국의 입법절차에 기여를 목적으로 삼고 있다. 현재 중국 내에서 영업양도를 다루고 있는 주요 법률로는 중국 회사법 및 중국 파산법을 꼽을 수 있다. 그러나 회사법과 파산법 모두 영업양도에 대해서는 포괄적이며 개괄적인 내용만을 담고 있으며, 때문에 중국의 영업양도에 관한 법제도는 미흡하다는 평가를 받고 있다. 이렇듯 미흡한 법제도의 주된 원인으로는 중국의 오랜 계획경제제도와 국영기업제도(State-owned enterprises)에서 기인한다고 평가될 수 있다. 중국 경제분야에 있어서 입법절차는 지난 수십년 간 지침, 계획 및 쿼터(quota) 등 명목의 행정간섭에 의해 느슨해지는 결과를 초래하였다. 이에 덧붙여 시장의 발전속도를 쫓아가지 못하는 행정제도 역시 현재 중국 경제분야의 미흡한 법제도의 원인으로 지목되고 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하여 경제개혁을 성취하기 위해 중국은 특별경제지구 선정 등 특별 입법제도를 도입한바 있으며, 이로서 영업양도에 관한 좀 더 명확하고 구체적인 제도적 접근이 실현되고 있다. 선전경제특별구의 상법 및 상업 관련 규정에서 영업양도 계약에 관한 구체적인 정보를 찾아 볼 수 있으며, 홍콩 조례 49장(Hong Kong Ordinance Chapter 49)에서도 영업양도에 관한 상세한 정의를 찾아볼 수 있다. 영업양도에서 영업이란 동산, 부동산, 지적재산권(상표권, 영업비밀, 특허 및 Know-how) 및 기타 유형 무형의 자산을 포함한다. 다만 영업의 정의에서 현금 및 주식은 제외되는데, 이는 현금과 주식을 모두 포함하는 인수합병과 차이를 보인다. 영업양도와 인수합병은 유사한 일견 유사한 성격을 보이는 듯 하지만, 그 내용과 관할법률 및 법률효과에 있어서는 근본적인 차이를 보인다. 중국의 급속한 경제발전 현황에 비해 중국의 경제관련 법제도는 매우 미흡하다고 평가된다. 그러나 채권자와 주주 보호 및 상표권 양도에 따른 경쟁금지의무 등 영업양도에 관한 현안에 관해서 중국의 입법절차가 무엇보다도 시급한 것으로 보인다.

Impact of NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside compound K in healthy Chinese volunteers

Zhou, Luping,Chen, Lulu,Wang, Yaqin,Huang, Jie,Yang, Guoping,Tan, Zhirong,Wang, Yicheng,Liao, Jianwei,Zhou, Gan,Hu, Kai,Li, Zhenyu,Ouyang, Dongsheng The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.3

Background: Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is a promising drug candidate for rheumatoid arthritis. This study examined the impact of polymorphisms in NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes on the pharmacokinetics of CK in healthy Chinese individuals. Methods: Forty-two targeted variants in seven genes were genotyped in 54 participants using Sequenom MassARRAY system to investigate their association with major pharmacokinetic parameters of CK and its metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD). Subsequently, molecular docking was simulated using the AutoDock Vina program. Results: ABCC4 rs1751034 TT and rs1189437 TT were associated with increased exposure of CK and decreased exposure of 20(S)-PPD, whereas CFTR rs4148688 heterozygous carriers had the lowest maximum concentration ($C_{max}$) of CK. The area under the curve from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration ($AUC_{last}$) of CK was decreased in NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 homozygous carriers, while $C_{max}$ was significantly reduced only in rs2472682. ABCC4 rs1151471 and CFTR rs2283054 influenced the pharmacokinetics of 20(S)-PPD. In addition, several variations in ABCC2, ABCC4, CFTR, and NR1I2 had minor effects on the pharmacokinetics of CK. Quality of the best homology model of multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) was assessed, and the ligand interaction plot showed the mode of interaction of CK with different MRP4 residues. Conlusion: ABCC4 rs1751034 and rs1189437 affected the pharmacokinetics of both CK and 20(S)-PPD. NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 were only associated with the pharmacokinetics of CK. Thus, these hereditary variances could partly explain the interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of CK.

Learning Discriminative Bayesian Networks from High-Dimensional Continuous Neuroimaging Data

Zhou, Luping,Wang, Lei,Liu, Lingqiao,Ogunbona, Philip,Shen, Dinggang IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine Vol.38 No.11

<P>Due to its causal semantics, Bayesian networks (BN) have been widely employed to discover the underlying data relationship in exploratory studies, such as brain research. Despite its success in modeling the probability distribution of variables, BN is naturally a generative model, which is not necessarily discriminative. This may cause the ignorance of subtle but critical network changes that are of investigation values across populations. In this paper, we propose to improve the discriminative power of BN models for continuous variables from two different perspectives. This brings two general discriminative learning frameworks for Gaussian Bayesian networks (GBN). In the first framework, we employ Fisher kernel to bridge the generative models of GBN and the discriminative classifiers of SVMs, and convert the GBN parameter learning to Fisher kernel learning via minimizing a generalization error bound of SVMs. In the second framework, we employ the max-margin criterion and build it directly upon GBN models to explicitly optimize the classification performance of the GBNs. The advantages and disadvantages of the two frameworks are discussed and experimentally compared. Both of them demonstrate strong power in learning discriminative parameters of GBNs for neuroimaging based brain network analysis, as well as maintaining reasonable representation capacity. The contributions of this paper also include a new Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) constraint with theoretical guarantee to ensure the graph validity of GBN.</P>

중국 통링시 촌민자치가 공공서비스에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 공공리더십의 매개효과를 중심으로

Hu Luping,황은진 한국비교정부학회 2023 한국비교정부학보 Vol.27 No.3

(Purpose) There has been a movement to improve governance systems that include accountability, democratic negotiation, social cooperation, and active participation since the Villagers Autonomy Act of 1982 and the Villagers Committee Organization Act of 1988 were enacted. Because of many social changes, citizen’s perception on public service operations in China has changed. Thus, this study analyzed the relationship between village self-government operations and citizen’s perception(awareness of the importance and satisfaction) of public service in Tongling City, China. In addition, according to the previous studies, based on the roles of village leaders, citizens’ perceptions of public services are different—if a committee shows more strong public leadership, citizens tend to have more value on public services. Based on these results, this study further examined the mediating effect of public leadership(procedural and cooperative leadership) of village self-government. (Design/methodology/approach) A questionnaire survey was conducted targeting villagers in rural areas via online. This study employed mediation effect analysis and three-step multiple regression analysis. (Findings) This study found a statistically significant relationship between village self-government and public leadership, as well as a statistically significant relationship between village self-government and perceived importance and satisfaction of public services. Moreover, the study identified a positive mediating relationship between village self-government and public services. (Research implications or Originality) Based on the findings, public leadership is necessary to improve awareness of the importance and satisfaction of public services in rural areas of China. Thus, this study suggests that village government networks from the committees’ leaders are promising for the sustainable development of public services in rural villages.

The Transfer of the Foreign Language Curricular Goals and the Implications for ELP Curricular Development

Zhang Luping 한국교육공학회 2013 한국교육공학회 학술대회발표자료집 Vol.2013 No.1

중국 법원의 암호화된 가상통화에 대한 인정 및 관련 판례 연구

우로평 ( Yu Luping ),제혜금 ( Zhu Huiqin ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2020 法學硏究 Vol.28 No.2

중앙은행이 발행하는 디지털머니와는 달리 암호화된 가상화폐는 개발자가 발행하고 통제하며 정부규제를 받지 않으며, 한 가상 커뮤니티의 구성원 간에 유통되는 암호기술을 적용해 암호화한 개인이 발행하는 디지털화폐이다. 최근 몇 년 암호화 가상화폐가 세계적으로 화제가 되고 있으며 투자, 매매, 암호화 가상화폐 발행을 하는 개인이나 조직도 점점 늘어나고 있지만, 암호화된 가상화폐에 대한 국가의 법적 인정, 규제 및 보호는 서로 다르다. 이런 현실에서 암호화된 가상화폐에 대한 중국 법원의 시각에 대한 연구는 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 중국 법원은 암호화된 가상화폐에 관한 재판문건 507건을 연구한 결과 암호화된 가상화폐의 적정성 및 법적 보호 여부 등에 대한 일치성이 없어 같은 판례에서 상반된 판결을 내린 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 상황은 중국인민은행이 발행한 ‘기호화폐 발행에 대비한 융자 리스크에 관한 공고'와 ‘비트코인 리스크에 대한 통지'와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 법적인 법규가 암호화된 가상화폐의 개념, 보호 등에 대해 구체적으로 규정하지 않은 경우, 인민은행의 기호화폐 발행 융자와 비트코인 환전에 대한 금지 규정은 암호화된 가상화폐 거래에 대한 법원의 관점의 실천에 직접적인 영향을 미치며, 이로 인해 암호화된 가상화폐는 중국 사법의 실천에서 법적 보호를 받기 어려운 부정적인 결과를 초래한다. Different from the digital currency issued by the central bank, cryptographic virtual currencies is a kind of private digital currency which is issued and controlled by developers, not supervised by the government, and circulated among members of a virtual community, and encrypted by cryptography technology. In recent years, cryptographic virtual currencies has aroused heated discussion all over the world. There are more and more individuals or organizations investing, buying, selling and issuing cryptographic virtual currencies, but the legal recognition, supervision and protection of cryptographic virtual currencies are different in each country. Based on this reality, it is of great significance to study the views and attitudes of Chinese courts towards cryptographic virtual currencies. It is not difficult to find out from the research of 507 judgment documents related to cryptographic virtual currencies in Chinese courts that there is a lack of consistency in the qualitative and legal protection and there is a reverse judgment in the same case. The reason for this is closely related to the《Notice on Preventing Financing Risk of Token Issuance 》and the 《Notice on Preventing Bitcoin Risks》 by the People's Bank of China. In the laws and regulations for the encryption of the concept of virtual currency, protection do not make specific provision, the People's Bank of scrip issue of finance and currency exchange prohibitive provisions directly influenced the court attitude to encrypted virtual currency trading point of view, leading to the encrypted virtual currency in the judicial practice in China is difficult to get legal protection of negative consequences.