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Gemini lipopeptides as vaccine adjuvants: a new role for these versatile carriers
Lucía Daniela Grippo,Ivana Gabriela Reidel,María Inés García,Alexis Streu,Diana María Müller,Carolina Melania Veaute 대한백신학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.9 No.2
The design of subunit vaccines requires new adjuvant systems. We designed and synthesized new lipopeptides (cysteine-based) of low molecular weight with different hydrophobic chains that dimerize becoming gemini lipopeptides. They were characterized and their adjuvant capacity was tested in mice by the inoculation of a protein antigen formulated with the lipopeptides, with and without the addition of CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides. Formulations were able to induce an immune response and produced no adverse effects. An adjuvant ability is described for the first time for this type of molecules.
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Lucía Abarca-Cabrera,Paula Fraga-García,Sonja Berensmeier 한국생체재료학회 2021 생체재료학회지 Vol.25 No.2
The major interest in nanoparticles as an application platform for biotechnology arises from their high surface-tovolume ratio. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are particularly appealing due to their superparamagnetic behavior, which enables bioseparation using external magnetic fields. In order to design advanced biomaterials, improve binding capacities and develop innovative processing solutions, a thorough understanding of the factors governing organic-inorganic binding in solution is critical but has not yet been achieved, given the wide variety of chemical and physical influences. This paper offers a critical review of experimental studies of the interactions between low cost IONPs (bare iron oxides, silica-coated or easily-functionalized surfaces) and the main groups of biomolecules: proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates. Special attention is devoted to the driving forces and interdependencies responsible of interactions at the solid-liquid interface, to the unique structural characteristics of each biomolecular class, and to environmental conditions influencing adsorption. Furthermore, studies focusing on mixtures, which are still rare, but absolutely necessary to understand the biocorona, are also included. This review concludes with a discussion of future work needed to fill the gaps in knowledge of bio-nano interactions, seeking to improve nanoparticles’ targeting capabilities in complex systems, and to open the door for multipurpose recognition and bioseparation processes.
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Uses of cone-beam computed tomography in San José, Costa Rica
Lucía Barba,Ana Luisa Berrocal,Alejandro Hidalgo 대한영상치의학회 2018 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.48 No.2
Purpose: To analyze cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) use, indications, and exposure parameters in San José, Costa Rica. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. All CBCT examinations over a period of 6 months at 2 radiological centers in San José, Costa Rica were evaluated. The examinations were performed with Veraview EPOC X550 and Veraviewepocs 3D R100 equipment. The patients’ age and sex, clinical indication for CBCT, region of interest (ROI), repeat examinations, specialty of the referring dentist, field-of-view (FOV), tube voltage (kV), tube current (mA), and radiation dose (μGy) were evaluated. Patients were classified by age as children (≤12 years), adolescents (13-18 years), and adults (≥19 years). Results: The mean age of the 526 patients was 49.4 years. The main indications were implant dentistry and dental trauma. The most frequent ROIs were posterior, while anterior ROIs were much less common. The highest percentage of repeat examinations was in children. Fifty-six percent of the referring dentists were specialists. The most commonly used FOV was small. The mean tube voltage and current were 79.8 kV and 7.4 mA for Veraview EPOC X550 and 89.9 kV and 6 mA for Veraviewepocs 3D R100, respectively. The mean doses for children, adolescents, and adults were 6.9 μGy, 8.4 μGy, and 7.8 μGy, respectively. Conclusion: Although CBCT was most commonly used in adults for implant dentistry, most repeat examinations were in children, and the highest mean dose was in adolescents. Additional dose optimization efforts should be made by introducing low-dose protocols for children and adolescents.
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Livres, Textes et Manuscrits de Ferdinand de Saussure
Claudia Lucía Mejía Quijano,Miguel Ángel Mahecha 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2020 에피스테메 Vol.0 No.23
Based on the criteria required for reading a book, two general notions, the “text” and the “manuscript”, are defined and explained at the beginning of this article from a semiological point of view. On this basis, several editions of Ferdinand de Saussure's manuscripts are then analysed, highlighting the deficiencies, which are often due to the disorder created in archive collections by superimposing manuscripts. A better classification of a primordial manuscript and the dating of another published manuscript are thus brought to light. Finally, it is proposed that this distinction between “text” and “manuscript” must be adopted and that Saussure's texts be favored in the reading and study of Saussure's manuscripts. A partir des variables nécessaires à la lecture d’un livre, deux notions générales, le « texte » et le « manuscrit », sont définies et expliquées au début de cet article d’un point de vue sémiologique. Sur cette base, plusieurs éditions de manuscrits de Ferdinand de Saussure sont ensuite analysées, en mettant en évidence des défauts, qui sont souvent dus au désordre créé dans les fonds d’archives par les superpositions de manuscrits. Un meilleur classement d’un manuscrit primordial et la datation d’un autre manuscrit publié sont ainsi mis en lumière. Pour finir, on propose de retenir cette distinction entre « texte » et « manuscrit », et de privilégier les textes de Saussure dans la lecture et l’étude des manuscrits saussuriens.
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Aggrecan catabolism during mesenchymal stromal cell in vitro chondrogenesis
María Lucía Gutiérrez,Johana María Guevara,Olga Yaneth Echeverri,Diego Garzón-Alvarado,Luis Alejandro Barrera 한국통합생물학회 2013 Animal cells and systems Vol.17 No.4
During skeleton formation, mesenchymal cells condense and differentiate into chondrocytes in a process known as chondrogenesis. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), main components of aggrecan in the extracellular matrix (ECM),have an important role in this process. An in vitro simplified system has been devised to study chondrogenesis using mesenchymal progenitor cells. Although the capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells to differentiate into the chondrogenic lineage is well established, there is a lack of knowledge with respect to lysosomal enzyme activity during the chondrogenic process. To further understand GAG’s catabolic activities during in vitro chondrogenesis, we evaluated three lysosomal enzymes. Chondrogenic differentiation was demonstrated by Alcian blue positive stain quantified by a grading system using ImageJ. Enzyme activity for N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate-sulfatase during chondrogenic induction decreased significantly with time of culture; b-galactosidase enzyme activity had a similar tendency of temporal activity. On the contrary, b-glucuronidase enzyme activity decreased from the first to second week of induction, but remained the same during the third week of culture. Aggrecan’s immunohistochemistry values for aggregates under chondrogenic induction revealed a similar temporal pattern to that of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate-sulfatase and b-galactosidase enzyme activity. This work has contributed to the evaluation of enzyme activities associated with GAG degradation, critical component of cartilage ECM. These findings are relevant in understanding the role of enzymes responsible for degradation of molecules predominantly synthesized in the chondrogenic differentiation process. A better understanding of the roles of these enzymes during development could help elucidate further association of deficiencies of these enzymes in skeletal pathologies, primarily chondrodysplasias.
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Manuel Gómez,Lucía Rancel,Sebastián F. Medina 대한금속·재료학회 2009 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.15 No.4
Double-deformation isothermal tests and multipass continuous-cooling hot torsion tests were used to study the evolution of austenite microstructures during isothermal and non-isothermal hot deformation of an Nb microalloyed steel. These tests, coupled with microstructural characterization, have verified that the no-recrystallization temperature (Tnr) corresponds roughly to the temperature where recrystallization starts to be incomplete during rolling. An accurate method to estimate the recrystallized fraction during hot rolling based on stress-strain data, and which does not require metallographic studies, is proposed. The results of this method have been successfully compared to metallographic measurements, the values of non-isothermal fractional softening and the accumulated stress measured in the plots of mean flow stress (MFS) versus the inverse of temperature. A remarkable austenite grain refinement occurs in the first hot rolling passes after reheating. The correlation of isothermal and continuous cooling tests is better understood if the effect of grain size on recrystallization and precipitation is taken into account. Double-deformation isothermal tests and multipass continuous-cooling hot torsion tests were used to study the evolution of austenite microstructures during isothermal and non-isothermal hot deformation of an Nb microalloyed steel. These tests, coupled with microstructural characterization, have verified that the no-recrystallization temperature (Tnr) corresponds roughly to the temperature where recrystallization starts to be incomplete during rolling. An accurate method to estimate the recrystallized fraction during hot rolling based on stress-strain data, and which does not require metallographic studies, is proposed. The results of this method have been successfully compared to metallographic measurements, the values of non-isothermal fractional softening and the accumulated stress measured in the plots of mean flow stress (MFS) versus the inverse of temperature. A remarkable austenite grain refinement occurs in the first hot rolling passes after reheating. The correlation of isothermal and continuous cooling tests is better understood if the effect of grain size on recrystallization and precipitation is taken into account.
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