http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
A Study on Chinese Pidgin English
Lu, Jing-Hua(여정화) 경성대학교 인문과학연구소 2013 인문학논총 Vol.33 No.-
서로 다른 언어를 쓰는 사람들이 원활한 의사소통을 위해서 형성한 혼성어이다. 중국 피진어는 중국어와 영어의 혼성어이며 현재까지도 많은 사람들이 중국 피진어를 사용하고 있다. 최근 몇 년 동안 중국과 외국 언어학자들은 중국 피진어에 큰 관심을 가져왔다. 많은 학자들이 중국 피진어에 대한 자신들의 의견을 개진해 왔다. 본 논문은 중국어와 영어의 언어자료에 근거하여, 사회언어학의 관점에서 보는 중국 피진 영어의 역사적 형성과정과 언어적 특징을 체계적으로 분석하였다. 이 분야를 연구하거나 관심이 있는 분들에게 도움이 되었으면 한다. A Pidgin is a language variety created for the purpose of communicating with some other language groups. Historically, pidgins were used as main media between many different language groups. Chinese Pidgin English, is a Pidgin language between Chinese and English, which is still used by many Chinese. In recent years, domestic and foreign linguists have had a great interest in Chinese Pidgin English. Many scholars have put forward their own opinions on Chinese Pidgin English. Based on the Chinese and English corpora, this paper will make a summary on the historical process and the linguistic features of Chinese Pidgin English from the perspective of sociolinguistic, which is systematic and diverse.
论东亚文化圈三国汉字文化产业的发展现状, 开发方向与完善对策
LU JING HUA,곽다예 동북아시아문화학회 2022 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.72
Chinese Culture Circle is the world with Chinese characteries as media and has the same value system. Chinese culture circle of East Asia refers to the countries and of east Asia such as China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam and so on, This paper mainly focus on and conduct analysis and research on China, South Korea, and Japan, three representative countries in the East Asian Chinese character circle. It is committed to combining the experience advantages of the cultural industries of these three countries to propose a Chinese character cultural industry. The targeted countermeasures will make a contribution to promoting the development of the Chinese character culture industry in practice in the vast number of countries in the East Asian cultural circle. Although China, South Korea, and Japan in the East Asian cultural circle are all belong to the field of Chinese character culture and have many similarities in culture, there are great differences in the way of using Chinese characters. Therefore, for the development of the Chinese character culture industry, countries in the Chinese character culture circle should make efforts in four aspects. In view of the above policies, efforts should be made for the revitalization and development of the Chinese character culture industry according to the actual situation of each country. Humans have language, and language is the most basic information. Since modern times, some Chinese scholars have followed Saussure's erroneous theory. It is hoped that from now on, China and all countries in the East Asian Chinese character culture circle can fundamentally continue to establish and further strengthen the character confidence and even cultural confidence in our East Asian script circle. Lu Jianming believes that global integration makes language an intangible resource that plays an increasingly important role in national economy and security.
LU JING HUA,김경환 중국지역학회 2018 중국지역연구 Vol.5 No.3
The U.S. hegemony model is based on the exclusive supply of dollars. In the experience of world history, reckless supply of money leads to a fall in the national economy. But the U.S. maintains its global hegemony despite its huge current and fiscal deficits. This is called the dollar hegemony in the world. The dollar bond remains a monopoly on trade, foreign reserves and resource payments. Countries around the world want to secure dollars for trade payments and resource transactions. In other words, the dollar maintains hegemony through a monopoly in trade and resources. So far, some countries have tried to break away from the dollar, but the United States has blocked it through economic sanctions and war. At that time, countries against the dollar had little impact on the global economy, and they could not escape the dollar's hegemony. The U.S. and China are in an economic conflict in 2018. Conflicts between the U.S. and China, which started from trade conflicts, are expanding due to sanctions against ICT companies. The world is blaming the emergence of U.S. President Trump, but this study analyzed China's challenge to the dollar hegemony. In the early days of the U.S.-China conflict, criticism and criticism of Trump was prevalent, but his chances of re-election after the second half of 2018. Even after the conflict, the U.S.-China trade deficit has not decreased, but President Trump's political standing is on the rise. For this reason, conflict between the U.S. and China is likely to be responsible for China's response as it is largely related to maintaining the dollar's hegemony. According to the study, China is expanding its use of the yuan for crude futures trade dominated by the dollar and expanding its currency-based CIPS to neighboring countries including Southeast Asia in response to the U.S.-led global bank payment network, SWIFT. And international cooperation with major anti-American countries such as Venezuela, Iran, Russia and Turkey is strengthening. As a result, the recent U.S.-China conflict is a showdown over the U.S. Therefore, the conflict will continue for some time. The Korean government and companies need to diversify their export markets and diversify their foreign exchange reserves to prepare for this situation. 미국의 패권모델은 달러의 독점적인 공급에 기초한다. 세계 역사의 경험에서보면 무분별한 화폐의 공급은 국가경제의 몰락을 초래한다. 그러나 미국은 막대한 경상수지적자와 재정적자를 지속하고 있음에도 세계패권을 유지하고 있다. 이를 세계는 달러패권이라 부른다. 달러패권은 무역거래, 외환보유고, 자원결제의 독점으로 유지된다. 세계 각국은 무역결제와 자원거래를 위해 달러를 확보하고자 한다. 다시 말하면 달러는 무역거래와 자원거래의 독점을 통해 패권을유지하는 것이다. 지금까지 일부 국가는 달러패권을 탈피하기 위해 노력하였으나 미국은 경제제재, 전쟁 등을 통해 이를 봉쇄하였다. 당시 달러에 대항한국가들은 세계경제에 미치는 영향이 미미했기 때문에 달러패권을 벗어나지못했다. 미국과 중국은 2018년 경제적 갈등을 벌이고 있다. 무역 갈등에서 시작된 미중 간의 갈등은 ICT기업에 대한 제재 등 확장일로에 있다. 세계는 이를 미국트럼프대통령의 등장에 원인을 두고 있으나 본 연구는 달러패권에 대한 중국의도전이라는 관점에서 분석하였다. 미국사회는 미중 간의 갈등 초기에는 트럼프대통령에 대한 비난과 비판이 주를 이루었으나 2018년 하반기 이후 트럼프대통령의 재선 가능성이 증가하고 있고 11월 거행된 중간선거에서도 공화당이 선전하였다. 갈등 이후에도 미중 간의 무역적자 규모가 감소하지 않은 상황에도 트럼프대통령의 정치적 입지가 오히려 상승하고 있는 것이다. 이런 이유로 미중의 갈등은 달러패권의 유지와 관련이 크기 때문에 중국의 대응에 원인이 있을가능성이 크다. 본 연구결과에 따르면, 중국은 달러가 독점하고 있는 원유선물거래에 위안화사용을 확대하고 있으며 미국이 주도하는 국제은행 결제네트워크인 SWIFT에대응하여 동남아 등 주변국가에 위안화 기반의 CIPS를 확대하고 있다. 그리고베네수엘라, 이란, 러시아, 터키 등 대표적인 반미국가와의 국제적인 공조를 강화하고 있다. 이로 인해 최근 벌어지고 있는 미중갈등은 달러패권에 대한 각축이다. 따라서 이러한 갈등 상황은 당분간 지속될 것이다. 한국정부와 기업은 이러한 상황에 대비하여 수출시장을 다변화하고 외환보유고를 다변화할 필요가있다.
Jing Xiang,Tian-Tian Yang,Lu-Lu Fu,Ya Luo,Jia-Shou Wu 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.9
The reactions of hydrated CdCl2, MnCl2, and NiCl2 with 2,2'-bipyidine-3,3',6,6'-tetracarboxylic acid (H4bptc) afforded the mononuclear [CdII(H2bptc)(H2O)3]·H2O (1), linear {[Cd(H2bptc)(H2O)]·3H2O}n (2), 3-D heterobimetallic [NaCd(Hbptc)(H2O)] (3), layer [Mn(H2bptc)(H2O)]n (4) and a dinuclear compound [Ni2(H2bptc)- (H2O)2]·6H2O (5). These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and their structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The thermal stabilities of 1-3 were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and their solid state luminescence properties together with the free ligand H4bptc were investigated at room temperature.
Modeling of suspended sediment concentrations under combined wave-current flow over rippled bed
Lu, Jing,Wang, Xiao Hua,Babanin, Alexander V.,Aijaz, Saima,Sun, Younjong,Teng, Yong,Jung, Kyung-Tae,Qiao, Fangli Academic Press in association with the Estuarine a 2017 Estuarine, coastal and shelf science Vol.199 No.-
<P>Ripples appear and disappear dynamically on coastal bed. The bottom stress can significantly be enhanced when ripples appear, and then the sediment transport will be influenced by the ripple enhanced stress. However, ripples' impact on suspended sediments is seldom discussed. In this study, a bedform (ripples) module based on combined wave and current flow is coupled with a bottom boundary layer (BBL) model. This BBL model outputs our improved bottom shear stress (BSS) to both the sediment model (UNSW-sed) and the hydrodynamic model (POM). Model results in Jervis Bay of Australia show that the simulated suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of an abrupt rising is significantly improved by considering ripples rather than setting a uniform roughness (K-b) without ripples. However, the SSC is still underestimated by using previous schemes. Differently from the previous estimation of ripple-enhanced shear velocity U-*cwe, noted as (U-*cwe_NL, we introduce an U-*cwe improved by calculating through ripple-enhanced ripple-enhanced Kb, which is noted as U-*cwe_Kb. Simulation shows that U-*cwe_Kb produces significantly increased SSC under high wave conditions, resulting in reasonable agreements with the measurements. The wave friction factor f(w) is shown to play a crucial role in causing the difference between U-*cwe_Kb and U-*cwe_NL. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Lu, Jing-Hua 대한중국학회 2016 중국학 Vol.57 No.-
There are grammatical markers of tense that are obligatory in English and Korean, ho wever, these grammatical temporal forms are absent in Chinese. Although it is uncontrov ersial that Chinese does not morphologically encode tense, there are several other ways in which temporal information can be encoded (Smith&Erbaugh, 2005). Chinese is an aspect system language which marks aspect. On the contrast, English is a tense system languag e which marks tense. In our review of languages considered in this study, the main focus will be on aspect system and tense system which are illustrated by Chinese, English and Korean. The author will illustrate that the tense and aspect system of Chinese is different from that of Korean and English. Our argument in this paper focuses on three categories which can be referred to as the present, past and future. In chapter one, the motive of re search that difference of aspect and tense expression in Chinese, English and Korea was introduced and the course of this research was mentioned. A contrasting study was conducted in chapter two. As for contrasting the characteristics of three languages, the author hope that this paper would help to learn Chinese, English or Korean easily.