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Shu-Long Yang,Sang-Yoon Nam,Jin-Yi Han,Jun-Cheol Kim,Kinam Lee,Jin Tae Hong,Ki-Wan Oh,Jae Soon Eun 고려인삼학회 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.4
This study was undertaken to discover the effects and possible mechanisms of the effect of red ginseng extract (RGE) on spontaneous sleep. The effects of a low dose (10 ㎎/㎏) and a high dose (200 ㎎/㎏) of RGE were compared in rats. After recovery from a surgical operation enabling electroencephalograms recordings, rats were administered RGE orally. RGE was administered orally for 1 day or once per day for 5 days in either 10 or 200 ㎎/㎏ doses. Polygraphic signs were recorded for 12 h after oral administration of RGE. Both treatment with a large dose (200 ㎎/㎏) of RGE for one day and treatment with either a large or a small dose for 5 days reduced the number of sleep?ake cycles. Daily treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 ㎎/㎏) for 5 days augmented NREM and total sleep, but reduced wakefulness. Delta wave activity recorded during non-REM (NREM) sleep and REM sleep was increased after one treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 ㎎/㎏). Delta wave activity during NREM was enhanced after daily treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 ㎎/㎏) for 5 days. Both alpha and beta subunits of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor were significantly over-expressed in the hypothalamus of the RGEtreated groups. Moreover, the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase was also increased in the hypothalamus. These results demonstrate that RGE may regulate spontaneous sleep via GABAAergic systems.
Increased Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep by Cocaine Withdrawal: Possible Involvement of A2A Receptors
Shu-Long Yang,Jin-Yi Han,Yun-Bae Kim,Sang-Yoon Nam,Sukgil Song,홍진태,Ki Wan Oh 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.2
This study attempted to clarify whether cocaine withdrawal altered sleep architecture and the role of adenosine receptors in this process. Cocaine (20 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously once per day for 7 days to rat implanted with sleep/wake recording electrode. Polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep/wake activities were recorded for 24 h before cocaine administration (basal recording as control); withdrawal-day 1 (after 1 day of repeated cocaine administration), withdrawal-day 8 (after 8 days of repeated cocaine administration), and withdrawal-day 14 (after 14 days of repeated cocaine administration), respectively. On cocaine withdrawal-day 1, wakefulness was significantly increased, total sleep was decreased, non-rapid eye movement sleep was markedly reduced, and rapid eye movement sleep was enhanced. Sleep/wake cycles were also increased on cocaine withdrawal day 1. However, non-rapid eye movement sleep was increased on withdrawal-day 8 and 14, whereas rapid eye movement sleep was decreased and no significant changes were observed in the total sleep and sleep/wake cycles during these periods. Adenosine A2A receptors expression was increased on withdrawal-day 8 and 14, whereas A1receptors levels were reduced after 14 days of withdrawal and the A2B receptors remained unchanged. Our findings suggest that alterations of sleep and sleep architecture during cocaine subacute and subchronic withdrawals after repeated cocaine administration may be partially involved in A2A receptors over-expression in the rat hypothalamus.
Shu-Long Yang,Sang-Yoon Nam,Jin-Yi Han,Jun-Cheol Kim,이기남,홍진태,오기완,은재순 고려인삼학회 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.4
This study was undertaken to discover the effects and possible mechanisms of the effect of red ginseng extract (RGE) on spontaneous sleep. The effects of a low dose (10 mg/kg) and a high dose (200 mg/kg) of RGE were compared in rats. After recovery from a surgical operation enabling electroencephalograms recordings, rats were administered RGE orally. RGE was administered orally for 1 day or once per day for 5 days in either 10 or 200 mg/kg doses. Polygraphic signs were recorded for 12 h after oral administration of RGE. Both treatment with a large dose (200 mg/kg) of RGE for one day and treatment with either a large or a small dose for 5 days reduced the number of sleep–wake cycles. Daily treatment with RGE (either 10or 200 mg/kg) for 5 days augmented NREM and total sleep, but reduced wakefulness. Delta wave activity recorded during non-REM (NREM) sleep and REM sleep was increased after one treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 mg/kg). Delta wave activity during NREM was enhanced after daily treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 mg/kg) for 5 days. Both alpha and beta subunits of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor were significantly over-expressed in the hypothalamus of the RGEtreated groups. Moreover, the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase was also increased in the hypothalamus. These results demonstrate that RGE may regulate spontaneous sleep via GABAAergic systems.
INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM IN THE ACDM UNIVERSE FROM COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS
FENG LONG-LONG,HE PING,FANG LIZHI,SHU CHI-WANG,ZHANG MENG-PING The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2
The temperature (T) and entropy (S) fields of baryonic gas, or intergalactic medium (IGM), in the ACDM cosmology are analyzed using simulation samples produced by a hybrid cosmological hydrodynamic/N-body code based on the weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme. We demonstrate that, in the nonlinear regime, the dynamical similarity between the IGM and dark matter will be broken in the presence of strong shocks in the IGM. The heating and entropy production by the shocks breaks the IGM into multiple phases. The multiphase and non-Gaussianity of the IGM field would be helpful to account for the high-temperature and high-entropy gas observed in groups and clusters with low-temperature IGM observed by Ly$\alpha$ forest lines and the intermittency observed by the spikes of quasi-stellar object's absorption spectrum.
Yang, Shu-Long,Nam, Sang-Yoon,Han, Jin-Yi,Kim, Jun-Cheol,Lee, Ki-Nam,Hong, Jin-Tae,Oh, Ki-Wan,Eun, Jae-Soon The Korean Society of Ginseng 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.4
This study was undertaken to discover the effects and possible mechanisms of the effect of red ginseng extract (RGE) on spontaneous sleep. The effects of a low dose (10 mg/kg) and a high dose (200 mg/kg) of RGE were compared in rats. After recovery from a surgical operation enabling electroencephalograms recordings, rats were administered RGE orally. RGE was administered orally for 1 day or once per day for 5 days in either 10 or 200 mg/kg doses. Polygraphic signs were recorded for 12 h after oral administration of RGE. Both treatment with a large dose (200 mg/kg) of RGE for one day and treatment with either a large or a small dose for 5 days reduced the number of sleep.wake cycles. Daily treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 mg/kg) for 5 days augmented NREM and total sleep, but reduced wakefulness. Delta wave activity recorded during non-REM (NREM) sleep and REM sleep was increased after one treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 mg/kg). Delta wave activity during NREM was enhanced after daily treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 mg/kg) for 5 days. Both alpha and beta subunits of the $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid $(GABA)_A$ receptor were significantly over-expressed in the hypothalamus of the RGE-treated groups. Moreover, the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase was also increased in the hypothalamus. These results demonstrate that RGE may regulate spontaneous sleep via $GABA_A$ergic systems.
Constructs of Sequence Pairs with Optimal Three-level Autocorrelation
Jin Hui-long,Zhang Miao,Qi Shu-li 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.5
The optimal discrete signal are widely used in spread spectrum communication systems, sonar, navigation, code division multiple access systems and other fields. The perfect sequence pair is an extension of the single best signal, so its application is more widely. This paper puts forward new methods of constructing the binary sequence pair of three values and quaternion sequence pair of three values according to the problem of constructing the sequence pairs of three values. This method is that it uses N long cyclotomic pseudo-random sequence and its shift sequences pair to do series connection to constitute a 4 N long binary sequence pair of three values. New sequence pairs of three values is obtained by this method proved to have good balance. The application steps of this method are given and shall be verified by some examples.