Female Managers in Asian Hotels : Profile and Career Challenges

Li, Lan,Wong-Leung, Roverta 한국호텔경영학회 ( 구 한국호텔외식경영학회 ) 1999 Korean Journal of Hotel Administration Vol.1 No.1

The number of female managers in the hotel industry is clearly increasing worldwide. However, given the barriers to advancement that women have faced, the curious person might ask how there female managers reach their positions. To address this question, this paper studies the general profile of female hotel managers in Singapore and examines the barriers that prevent middle-level female managers from moving up to the executive positions. The findings suggest that female managers in Singapore hotels seem to have “given up” some family life in order to get ahead. Whereas appreciate credentials and skills have proven important in advancing women into middle level management, they have not helped them to attain executive positions. A finding of interest is that the barriers of advancement for female managers are neither due to corporate practices nor policies, but rather a function of cultural and societal sanctions.

Challenges in compiling a corpus based trilingual business lexicon

(Li Lan),(Grahame Bilbow),(Xu Xunfeng) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원 2001 제 2 차 아시아 사전학회 국제 학술대회 Vol.- No.-

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Controllable synthesis of zone-distributed Pd over CeO2–ZrO2/Al2O3 as advanced three-way catalyst

Li Lan,Shanhu Chen,Hongmei Li,Hanmei Li,Wanxia Wu,Jie Deng,Yaoqiang Chen 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.58 No.-

Two optimally designed catalysts (Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Pd/Al2O3, Pd/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Pd/Al2O3) were synthesized and compared with conventional Pd/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Al2O3. The characterization results reveal that for Pd/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Al2O3, Pd species undergo severe agglomeration and encapsulation during thermal aging process, leading to dramatic catalyst deactivation. While for the two optimized catalysts, some Pd species initially distributed on Al2O3 would migrate to the surface of CexZr1−xO2(CZ) grains upon aging treatment, resulting in enhanced Pd–CZ interaction, thus the two aged samples possess higher dispersion, larger amount of oxidized Pd2+ species and more oxygen vacancies compared with conventional Pd/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Al2O3-a. Consequently, modified reducibility and improved three-way catalytic performance are obtained, especially for Pd/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2/Pd/Al2O3-a.

Enhanced activity and hydrothermal stability of Rh-based three-way catalyst for emission control from motorcycles with the assistance of monoethanolamine

Li Lan,Jinfeng Wang,Shanhu Chen,Dacheng Li,Hongmei Li,Dayu Liu,Wei Wang,Yaoqiang Chen 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.71 No.-

In this work, an advanced Rh/CeO2–ZrO2 (Rh/CZ) three-way catalyst was synthesized with the assistanceof monoethanolamine. Compared with conventional Rh/CZ, the dispersion and oxidation state of Rhspecies, as well as the hydrothermal aging resistance are remarkably modified. That is, upon agingtreatment, conventional Rh/CZ undergoes severe agglomeration of Rh species and formation of largeamount of reduction-resistive RhO2, resulting in serious catalyst deactivation. Fortunately, after theintroduction of monoethanolamine, the sintering of Rh species and transformation into inactive RhO2upon aging are effectively suppressed. Consequently, improved reducibility and advanced three-waycatalytic activity are achieved for the modified catalyst.

Students’ and teachers’ readiness for autonomy: beliefs and practices in developing autonomy in the Chinese context

Lilan Lin,Hayo Reinders 서울대학교 교육연구소 2019 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.20 No.1

In 2004, the Chinese Ministry of Education issued the College English Curriculum Requirements in an effort to revitalise English language teaching in China. This official document underpins “College English”, a compulsory course for nonEnglish majors in the first 2 years of university study. In a break with the past, the policy document placed considerable emphasis on the development of learner autonomy. Despite these aspirations, in practice it has been observed that many teachers struggle to implement their content (Lin, Chen, Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages 32(2):45–50, 2009; Luo, Journal of the Foreign Language World 183(6):29–36, 2017; Xu, Language and Education 7(4):2–7, 2014). To better document this mismatch and identify its causes, this research investigated 668 students and 182 teachers’ beliefs, practices and readiness for autonomy in the context of the College English course. Through a triangulated approach, this article found that both the students and teachers appeared psychologically, but not technically or behaviourally, ready for autonomy. The challenges to the promotion of autonomy in Chinese universities, therefore, seem to be more about pedagogical than cultural impediments. We conclude the paper with a number of implications to enable classroom practitioners to better integrate the development of autonomy into the curriculum.

Key issues impeding the integration of international faculty at Japanese universities

Chen, Lilan 서울대학교 교육연구소 2022 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.23 No.3

The study is devoted to identifying the key issues impeding the integration of international faculty at Japanese universities via a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews with 40 international faculty hired in Japanese universities with various backgrounds were conducted. The interview data were analyzed based on a three-stage coding procedure, namely open, axial, and selective coding, which identifies the main themes through increasing the level of data abstraction. The study identified the key issues from work, cultural, and interpersonal dimensions in the context internal to Japanese universities, and environmental dimension in the context external to Japanese universities. Meanwhile, the study also acknowledged the perceptual differentiation of these issues depending on international faculty’s backgrounds. Based on the principles of Embedded Intergroups Relations Theory, it appears that the key issues differ according to international faculty’s identity (country of origins), cultural backgrounds (previous experiences in Japan), and their organizational characteristics (academic ranks and disciplines). In other words, junior faculty in the Humanities who were not from countries in which Chinese characters are historically used or without previous experiences in Japan tend to perceive themselves as tokens at Japanese universities. Theoretical and practical implications including policies, future studies, and support systems are offered for policymakers, researchers, and university administrators.

中国と日本における欠陥製品に関する回収義務を負う者の認定について

리란(LiLan)(李蘭) 원광대학교 법학연구소 2018 圓光法學 Vol.34 No.3

本稿は主に,欠陥製品に関する回収義務を負う者の認定について具体的な基準を定立するべく,中国における法律上の規定と,日本で主として問題となった判例を挙げ,これらを比較法的視点から分析することによって,不真正不作為犯の成立要件における責任主体認定の重要性ㆍ必要性,さらに,保障人的地位にある者が負うべき作為義務について検討を行ったものである. This paper mainly describes the legal provisions in China and the judicial precedents mainly in Japan in order to establish a concrete standard for the recognition of the person who has the obligation to recall the defective products,and analyze them from the comparative legal viewpoint. The importance and the necessity of the recognition of the responsibility subject in the constitutive requirements of non-typical omission.

中国と日本における不真正不作為犯の主観的要素について

李蘭(리란, LiLan) 원광대학교 법학연구소 2017 圓光法學 Vol.33 No.3

本稿は,主に不真正不作為犯における客観的要素と,その客観的要素に関する諸問題について述べ,不真正不作為犯が作為犯と同等に扱われるために必要な要素の中で,特に主観的要素としての故意について検討を加える.不真正不作為犯について立法上の規定がないために主観的要素についてそれほど検討がなされてこなかった中国と日本において,不真正不作為犯における主観的要素が問題となった判例,特に日本の大審院で問題となった放火罪に関する事例の分析を通じて,主観的要素が問題とされた意義について検討し,作為犯と不真正不作為犯における構成要件的故意に関して考察を加え,さらに作為義務における形式的,実質的根拠説の具体的内容に対する行為者の認識について検討する.これによって,不真正不作為犯の故意について,客観的犯罪事実の認識,つまり,作為義務の存在とその内容,および,結果に対する認識・認容が必要であることから,日本では,上述の大審院で問題になった「既発の危険を利用する意思」は,不真正不作為犯における主観的要素を考察する際に必要ではないということを明らかにすることができる.さらに,日本での不真正不作為犯における主観的要素についての検討を通じて,中国刑法14条においても,不真正不作為犯における主観的要素である故意に関して再検討する必要があることを明示しつつ,不真正不作為犯においては,客観的要素である作為義務の検討も重要であるが、主観的要素も不真正不作為犯が成立するにかなり影響を与えていることを示すことに重点をおく. This paper mainly studies the objective elements of criminal omission and the problems involved in the objective factors. Moreover, in order for criminal omission to be considered as essential in the same nature as a crime, the intention of the subjective element is especially discussed. In China and Japan, because there is no regulation on the issue of criminal omission, the scholars do not put the subjective elements of criminal omission into their research object. Therefore, the omission of subjective elements of crime has become a problem of the case, especially in the Japanese Academy of trial into relevant examples of questions about the crime of arson, Study on the subjective elements of the problem to be discussed the significance as well as related criminal and the criminal omission should in the elements of intent to analyze, and as a form of obligation, in fact according to the specific content of the understanding of human behavior are discussed. According to the above analysis, it is necessary to accept the objective criminal facts, such as the existence of the obligation and its content, and the understanding of the result. According to the above conditions, it can be said that the question of taking advantage of the danger that has occurred has become clear in Japan s Grand Court, and that it is not necessary to examine the subjective elements of the criminal omission. And by analyzing the omission of subjective elements of crime analysis, express the purpose specified in Fourteenth China in criminal law, it is necessary to review the purpose in subjective factors of criminal omission, put foucs on the research of establishment condition of the criminal omission, not only to review the source of obligations of the criminal omission, and the subjective elements of criminal omission make plays in its role in the condition of this point is also great.

국어 문법적 은유에 대한 체계기능언어학적 접근

정려란 ( Cheng Lilan ) 고려대학교 한국어문교육연구소 2018 한국어문교육 Vol.26 No.-

본고는 체계기능언어학((systemic functional linguistics, SFL) 이론을 바탕으로 국어의 문법적 은유의 유형과 특징을 살펴보고, 학술텍스트에서의 실현 양상 및 의미 기능을 검토하였다. 먼저 2장에서는 문법적 은유의 이론적 배경을 살피고 문법적 은유(grammatical metaphor)의 기능은 명사화(nominalization)를 통해서 실현된다는 것을 밝혀냈다. 이어서 3장에서는 국어 학술텍스트에 나타난 명사화 양상의 분석을 통해 각 명사화의 유형, 특징, 의미 기능을 설명하였다. 이를 기반으로 문법적 은유의 교육적 가치를 논의하였다. 본고는 체계기능언어학 관점에 의한 문법적 은유가 국어 학술텍스트에서 쓰일 때의 어휘문법적 특징 및 의미 기능에 대한 새로운 해석 방법을 제안한다는 것에 의의가 있다. 향후 국어 문법적 은유를 식별하고 분류하는 연구에 그치지 않고, 계량적 방법을 사용하여 문법적 은유의 기능에 관한 연구도 활발하게 이루어질 필요가 있다. The purpose of this study is to consider the grammatical metaphors of Korean based on the systemic functional linguistics, and the functions of the grammatical metaphors when they are used in academic texts. In the Chapter two, an overview of grammatical metaphors is introduced, and the fact that the functions of the grammatical metaphor are realized by nominalization has been proved. In the Chapter three, characteristics and the functions of nominalization are explained through the analysis of examples found in academic texts. Lastly, the educational value of nominalization is discussed. This study is to analyze the grammatical metaphors of Korean used in academic texts from a new perspective. And they can be examined through a quantitative research method in several different areas of Korean linguistics or purview of education as well.

Adsorption resin/polyethersulfone membrane used for plasma separation and middle molecular toxins adsorption

Xiaoyang Hou,Lilan Huang,Han Zhang,Qingping Xin,Hong Li,Hui Ye,Yuzhong Zhang 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.123 No.-

Accumulation of endogenous and exogenous toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease increases thekidney burden. The newly developed plasma separation adsorption membranes provide a new model forthe removal of middle molecular toxins. In this study, the adsorption resin LX-1000H is physically pulverizedand blended into polyethersulfone matrixes to prepare adsorption resin/polyethersulfone (AR/PES) membranes by nonsolvent-induced phase separation for plasma separation and middle moleculartoxins absorption. The results show that the static adsorption capacity of AR/PES membrane for lysozyme(a typical mimic of middle molecular toxins) is up to 108.90 mg/g, which is 4 times that of AR. The maximumdynamic adsorption capacity reaches 102.80 mg/g, which is 93.4% of static adsorption. The adsorptionprocess is more consistent with the Langmuir model and the quasi-first-order kinetic model. Thepermeability of bovine serum albumin in simulated blood surpasses 90% and the cattle blood separatedby AR/PES membrane is colorless and transparent. The AR/PES membrane surface presents electronegativeat pH 7.4 and the water wettability is enhanced with the doping amount. No hemolysis and negligibleleakage indicated favorable hemocompatibility. This paper is devoted to providing a strategy forplasma separation and adsorption membranes.