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Li, H.,Kilpelä,inen, T. O.,Liu, C.,Zhu, J.,Liu, Y.,Hu, C.,Yang, Z.,Zhang, W.,Bao, W.,Cha, S.,Wu, Y.,Yang, T.,Sekine, A.,Choi, B. Y.,Yajnik, C. S.,Zhou, D.,Takeuchi, F.,Yamamoto, K.,Chan, J. C.,Man Springer-Verlag 2012 Diabetologia Vol.55 No.4
<P><B>Aims/hypothesis</B></P><P><I>FTO</I> harbours the strongest known obesity-susceptibility locus in Europeans. While there is growing evidence for a role for <I>FTO</I> in obesity risk in Asians, its association with type 2 diabetes, independently of BMI, remains inconsistent. To test whether there is an association of the <I>FTO</I> locus with obesity and type 2 diabetes, we conducted a meta-analysis of 32 populations including 96,551 East and South Asians.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>All studies published on the association between <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 (or proxy [<I>r</I><SUP>2</SUP> > 0.98]) and BMI, obesity or type 2 diabetes in East or South Asians were invited. Each study group analysed their data according to a standardised analysis plan. Association with type 2 diabetes was also adjusted for BMI. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool all effect sizes.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 minor allele increased risk of obesity by 1.25-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 9.0 × 10<SUP>−19</SUP>), overweight by 1.13-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 1.0 × 10<SUP>−11</SUP>) and type 2 diabetes by 1.15-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 5.5 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>). The association with type 2 diabetes was attenuated after adjustment for BMI (OR 1.10-fold/allele, <I>p</I> = 6.6 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>). The <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 minor allele increased BMI by 0.26 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> per allele (<I>p</I> = 2.8 × 10<SUP>−17</SUP>), WHR by 0.003/allele (<I>p</I> = 1.2 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>), and body fat percentage by 0.31%/allele (<I>p</I> = 0.0005). Associations were similar using dominant models. While the minor allele is less common in East Asians (12–20%) than South Asians (30–33%), the effect of <I>FTO</I> variation on obesity-related traits and type 2 diabetes was similar in the two populations.</P><P><B>Conclusions/interpretation</B></P><P><I>FTO</I> is associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, with effect sizes similar in East and South Asians and similar to those observed in Europeans. Furthermore, <I>FTO</I> is also associated with type 2 diabetes independently of BMI.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2370-7) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.</P>
Predictive control for vehicular sensor networks based on round-trip time-delay prediction
Li, H,Xiong, N,Park, J H,Cao, Q IET 2010 IET COMMUNICATIONS Vol.4 No.7
<P>With the rapid development of vehicular sensor networks (VSNs) technology, the potential use of networked real-time control and automation is enormous and appealing. However, closed-loop control VSNs via the Internet are very difficult to implement practically because of their stochastic nature. One of the biggest challenges in VSNs is how to deal with sensor networks time delay and data loss. The authors investigate the potential of using the predictive control scheme for VSNs based on round-trip time (RTT) delay prediction to overcome the VSNs transmission delay and data loss. The predicted RTT delay is taken as the sampling interval reference for variable-period sampling approach. Modelling the time delay of networked control systems as a non-linear time series, the least mean square (LMS) filter algorithm is adopted to predict online the time delay induced in VSNs. The simulation results show that the LMS algorithm can achieve ideal efficacy if time delay has no variety abnormally. The predictive compensation strategy is proposed to reduce the detrimental effect of stochastic time delays induced by communication networks on control performance. The results of offline simulations via the Internet illustrate that the predictive control scheme based on RTT delay prediction has the potential to overcome the VSNs time delay and data loss.</P>
Li, H.,Song, S.I.,Song, G.Y.,Kim, I. American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.14 No.2
Carbon nanostructures (CNSs) such as carbon nanotubes, graphene sheets, and nanodiamonds provide an important type of substrate for constructing a variety of hybrid nanomaterials. However, their intrinsic chemistry-inert surfaces make it indispensable to pre-functionalize them prior to immobilizing additional components onto their surfaces. Currently developed strategies for functionalizing CNSs include covalent and non-covalent approaches. Conventional covalent treatments often damage the structure integrity of carbon surfaces and adversely affect their physical properties. In contrast, the non-covalent approach offers a non-destructive way to modify CNSs with desired functional surfaces, while reserving their intrinsic properties. Thus far, a number of surface modifiers including aromatic compounds, small-molecular surfactants, amphiphilic polymers, and biomacromolecules have been developed to non-covalently functionalize CNS surfaces. Mediated by these surface modifiers, various functional components such as organic species and inorganic nanoparticles were further decorated onto their surfaces, resulting in versatile carbon-based hybrid nanomaterials with broad applications in chemical engineering and biomedical areas. In this review, the recent advances in the generation of such hybrid nanostructures based on non-covalently functionalized CNSs will be reviewed.
Li, H.,Yun, H.-Y.,Baek, K.J.,Kwon, N.S.,Park, K.-C.,Kim, D.-S. GOVI VERLAG GMBH 2014 PHARMAZIE Vol.69 No.3
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of myriocin, an inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, on melanogenesis. It was found that myriocin increased melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, myriocin up-regulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase expression via phosphorylation of CREB, but it did not directly activate tyrosinase, a rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme. Furthermore, we demonstrated increased melanin synthesis with myriocin on a pigmented skin equivalent model established using Cervi cornus Colla (deer antler glue). One and 5 mu M of myriocin darkened the color of the skin equivalent. These results suggest that myriocin may have potential effects for the treatment of hypopigmentary skin diseases like vitiligo or for sunless tanning.
A mobile social network for efficient contents sharing and searches
Li, H.,Bok, K.,Yoo, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Computers & electrical engineering Vol.41 No.-
In this paper, we focus on constructing a mobile social network over a mobile ad hoc network. Although some mobile social networks have been proposed to address contents sharing and search in mobile ad hoc networks, most existing methods incur either high network management overheads or low efficiency of contents search. The proposed method constructs a mobile social network according to user interests and location information. Since the mobile nodes with nearby positions are linked together, the network management overhead of the proposed method is decreased. The contents search can be performed by using the constructed social links with low communication cost and high success rate. The various experimental results based on the synthetic datasets and real datasets have showed that the proposed method has a great advantage comparing to existing methods.