Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of WOX gene family in cucurbit crops

Li Chun,He Zhen,Liang Genyun,Yang Nan,Cai Peng,Liang Ying,Li Yuejian,Fang Chao,Liu Duchen,Xia Feng,Liu Xiaojun 한국원예학회 2024 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.65 No.1

The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family is essential for plant growth and development. However, the identifi cation and evolutionary analysis of WOX genes in the Cucurbitaceae have not been well investigated. In the present work, we performed a genome-wide analysis to identify WOX genes in eleven cucurbit crops. In total, 127 WOX genes were identifi ed in eleven cucurbit crops, and classifi ed into three diff erent clades: the ancient clade, the intermediate clade and the WUS clade. The same clade has comparable gene organization and conserved motif patterns. The cis -acting ele ment analysis revealed that WOX genes were involved in light, hormone and stress in cucurbit crops. Gene duplication analysis indicated that dispersed duplication and whole genome duplication were the two primary causes of WOX genes expansion. There were 24 and 129 gene pairs found within cucurbit crops, and between Cucumis sativus and other cucur bit crops, respectively. After gene duplication, all WOX genes were subjected to substantial purifying selection pressure according to the selective pressure analysis. Functional divergence analysis revealed that ancient and intermediate clades may have descended from some essential amino acid sites rather than diff erent evolution rate. Our research provides a comprehensive analysis of WOX genes which will be helpful for further research into their function study in Cucurbita ceae plants.

2-D Graphical Representation for Characteristic Sequences of DNA and its Application

Li, Chun,Hu, Ji Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2006 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.39 No.3

DNA sequencing has resulted in an abundance of data on DNA sequences for various species. Hence, the characterization and comparison of sequences become more important but still difficult tasks. In this paper, we first give a 2-D ladderlike graphical representation for the characteristic sequences of a DNA sequence, and then construct a 3-component vector, in which the normalized ALE-indices extracted from such three 2-D graphs via D/D matrices are individual components, to characterize the DNA sequence. The examination of similarities/dissimilarities among sequences of the $\beta$-globin genes of different species illustrates the utility of the approach.

A Liquid Lens Driven by Bubble Actuator

Lichun Ren,Ran Hee Lee,Hye Ryung Park,Hongwen Ren,Changwoon Nah,Il-Sou Yoo IEEE 2013 Journal of microelectromechanical systems Vol.22 No.5

<P>We report an adaptive-focus lens using two immiscible liquids. The two liquids have a spherical interface and their border is confined by an iris diaphragm (ID). Using a bubble actuator to vary the aperture of the ID, the surface profile of the two liquid is changed, which in turn leads to a tunable focal length. In this paper, the liquid lens structure is depicted and the operation mechanism of the bubble actuator is introduced. For the liquid lens, the refractive index (n<SUB>1</SUB>) of the convex liquid is smaller than that of the concave (or surrounded) liquid (n<SUB>2</SUB>, n<SUB>2</SUB>-n<SUB>1</SUB> ~ 0.2), so the lens is a diverging lens. As the aperture of the diaphragm is changed from ~ 5 to ~ 7.5 mm by the actuator, the focal length (f) of the lens could be tuned in the range of -168 mm ≤ f ≤ -55 mm. For the bubble actuator, it has the advantages of voltage control, large actuation pressure, reasonable speed, and low power consumption. Driven by the bubble actuator, our liquid lens can present a large aperture change, reasonable dynamic response, and precise focus control.</P>

Room Temperature Electroluminescence from n-ZnO:Ga/i-ZnO/p-GaN:Mg Heterojunction Device Grown by PLD

Lichun Zhang,Qingshan Li,Feifei Wang,Chong Qu,Fengzhou Zhao 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.3

The n-ZnO:Ga/p-GaN:Mg and n-ZnO:Ga/i-ZnO/p-GaN:Mg heterojunction light emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The blue electroluminescence (EL) of the n-ZnO:Ga/ p-GaN:Mg heterojunction LEDs is emitted mainly from the p-GaN layer instead of the n-ZnO:Ga layer, for the reason that the electron injection from n-ZnO:Ga prevailed over the hole injection from p-GaN:Mg due to the higher carrier concentration and carrier mobility in n-ZnO:Ga. On the other hand, the n-ZnO:Ga/i-ZnO/p- GaN:Mg heterojunction LEDs exhibited dominant ultraviolet-blue emission. The reason for this difference is attributed to the inserted undoped i-ZnO layer between n-ZnO:Ga and p-GaN:Mg, in which the holes from p- GaN:Mg and the electrons from n-ZnO:Ga are recombined.

Crack Propagation Assessment using a Pre-cracked Steel late

Lichun Bian,Jae-Kyoo Lim,Ho-Chel Yoon 대한기계학회 2002 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2002 No.5

The angled crack problem has been given special attention in the recent years by fracture mechanics investigators. In this paper, an investigation of fatigue crack propagation in rectangular steel plates containing an inclined surface crack is presented. The inclined angle of the crack with respect to the axis of loading varied between 0˚ and 90˚. A three-dimensional finite element analysis was carried out to determine the stress intensity factors. The stress intensity factors obtained were then used for fatigue crack life estimation.

Empirical Bayes Test for the Exponential Parameter with Censored Data

Wang, Lichun The Korean Statistical Society 2008 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.15 No.2

Using a linear loss function, this paper considers the one-sided testing problem for the exponential distribution via the empirical Bayes(EB) approach. Based on right censored data, we propose an EB test for the exponential parameter and obtain its convergence rate and asymptotic optimality, firstly, under the condition that the censoring distribution is known and secondly, that it is unknown.

Helical metallic micro- and nanostructures: fabrication and application.

Liu, Lichun,Zhang, Liqiu,Kim, Sang Min,Park, Sungho RSC Pub 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.16

<P>Metal elements occupy more than 70% of the positions in the periodic table, and their use has accelerated human civilization due to their invaluable chemical and physical characteristics. With the rapid development of metals, various structures of microscopic metal particles have been fabricated and investigated as functional materials in scientific research and practical applications. The phrase 'structure determines properties' has been widely acknowledged as a golden rule in chemistry and materials science, especially when the size of small particles is in the micro- or nanoscale dimension. Helical metallic micro- and nanostructures with complex shapes have recently emerged and may be used for various useful applications such as photonics, sensors, actuators, micro-/nanorobotics, and micro-/nanoelectronics, based on their unique mechanical, electrical, and electromagnetic properties. This review paper specifically focuses on the fabrication and application of helical metallic structures with a size ranging from the micro- to nanoscale. The unusual spatial distribution of active atoms in helical metallic micro- and nanostructures and their helical morphology could offer new opportunities for applications beyond those of other conventional metallic and nonmetallic micro- and nanostructures.</P>

Application of covariance adjustment to seemingly unrelated multivariate regressions

Wang, Lichun,Pettit, Lawrence The Korean Statistical Society 2018 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.25 No.6

Employing the covariance adjustment technique, we show that in the system of two seemingly unrelated multivariate regressions the estimator of regression coefficients can be expressed as a matrix power series, and conclude that the matrix series only has a unique simpler form. In the case that the covariance matrix of the system is unknown, we define a two-stage estimator for the regression coefficients which is shown to be unique and unbiased. Numerical simulations are also presented to illustrate its superiority over the ordinary least square estimator. Also, as an example we apply our results to the seemingly unrelated growth curve models.

How to Improve Classical Estimators via Linear Bayes Method?

Wang, Lichun The Korean Statistical Society 2015 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.22 No.6

In this survey, we use the normal linear model to demonstrate the use of the linear Bayes method. The superiorities of linear Bayes estimator (LBE) over the classical UMVUE and MLE are established in terms of the mean squared error matrix (MSEM) criterion. Compared with the usual Bayes estimator (obtained by the MCMC method) the proposed LBE is simple and easy to use with numerical results presented to illustrate its performance. We also examine the applications of linear Bayes method to some other distributions including two-parameter exponential family, uniform distribution and inverse Gaussian distribution, and finally make some remarks.

Renewable Energy Policy and Current Status in Taiwan

( Chen Lichun ) 한국환경경제학회, 한국자원경제학회 ( 구 한국환경경제학회 ) 2017 한국환경경제학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.하계

With limited indigenous conventional energy resources, Taiwan imports over 98% of its energy supply from overseas. Developing independent renewable energy resources is thus of priority concern for the Taiwanese government. A medium subtropical island surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, Taiwan has enormous potential to develop various renewable energies, such as solar energy, biomass energy, wind power, geothermal energy, hydropower, etc. However, owing to the importance of conventional fossil energy in generating exceptionally cheap electricity, renewable energy has not yet fully developed in Taiwan, resulting from a lack of market competition. Consequently, numerous promotional and subsidy programs have recently been proclaimed by the Taiwanese government, focused on the development of various renewables. However, the renewable energy with matured technology and low power generation costs will have priority in government development policy. Moreover, the authorities will encourage the industry players to consolidate their R&D and manufacturing capabilities. This study reviews the achievements, polices and future plans of Taiwan in this area.