Social vulnerability and COVID-19 in Maringá, Brazil

Matheus Pereira Libório,Oseias da Silva Martinuci,Patrícia Bernardes,Natália Cristina Alves Caetano Chaves Krohling,Guilherme Castro,Henrique Leonardo Guerra,Eduardo Alcantara Ribeiro,Udelysses Janete 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.1

This research explores the relationship between COVID-19 and social vulnerability on an intra-urban scale. For this, two composite indicators of social vulnerability have been constructed. The composite indicator constructed by the Benefit-of-the-Doubt considers spatial heterogeneity. It weakly captures the conceptually most significant individual indicator of social vulnerability (R=-0.39), as it overestimates the above-average performance sub-indicators. The composite indicator constructed by the Principal Component Analysis considers that the sub-indicators have the same weights in different census tracts, resulting in a highly consistent composite indicator as a multidimensional phenomenon concept (R=-0.93). These findings allow reaching four conclusions. First, the direction and strength of correlations associated with COVID-19 are sensitive to the method employed to construct the composite indicator and not just the geographic scale and space. Second, Medium and High social vulnerability census tracts concentrate 97% of the population but only 93% of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Third, people living in census tracts of None and Low social vulnerability are 3.87 and 2.13 times more likely to be infected or die from COVID-19. Fourth, policies to combat COVID-19 in the study area should prioritize older populations regardless of their social conditions.

Cytoprotective effects of lindenenyl acetate isolated from Lindera strychnifolia on mouse hippocampal HT22 cells

Li, B.,Jeong, G.S.,Kang, D.G.,Lee, H.S.,Kim, Y.C. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 european journal of pharmacology Vol.614 No.1

Oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and ischemia. Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts against oxidants that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Lindenenyl acetate, isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of the roots of Lindera strychnifolia, showed potent neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity by inducing the expression of HO-1 and increasing the activity of HO in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Furthermore, lindenenyl acetate caused the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased the promoter activity of antioxidant response elements (ARE) in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. In addition, we found that treatment of the cells with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (U0126) reduced lindenenyl acetate-induced HO-1 expression. Lindenenyl acetate also increased ERK phosphorylation. These results suggest that lindenenyl acetate increases cellular resistance to glutamate-induced oxidative injury in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, presumably through the ERK pathway-Nrf2/ARE-dependent HO-1 expression.

Sauchinone from Saururus chinensis protects vascular inflammation by heme oxygenase-1 induction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Li, B.,Lee, Y.J.,Kim, Y.C.,Yoon, J.J.,Lee, S.M.,Lee, Y.P.,Kang, D.G.,Lee, H.S. G. Fischer 2014 Phytomedicine Vol.21 No.2

Sauchinone, a diastereomeric lignan isolated from the roots of Saururus chinensis (LOUR.) BAILL. (Saururaceae), is reported to exert a variety of biological activities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory actions and inhibitory effects on bone resorption. In this study, we investigated the effect of sauchinone in suppressing cell adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in high glucose stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Sauchinone inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 caused by the stimulation of high glucose. In addition, sauchinone induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression through nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in HUVEC. The effects of sauchinone on the high glucose-induced expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 were partially reversed by transfection of the cells with HO-1 siRNA. These findings suggest that sauchinone-induced HO-1 expression plays a key role in the vascular protective effects of sauchinone in HUVEC.

A novel Parzen probabilistic neural network based noncoherent detection algorithm for distributed ultra-wideband sensors

Li, B.,Zhou, Z.,Li, D.,Zou, W. Academic Press 2011 JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS - Vol.34 No.6

Ultra-wideband (UWB) has been widely recommended for significant commercial and military applications. However, the well-derived coherent structures for UWB signal detection are either computationally complex or hardware impractical in the presence of the intensive multipath propagations. In this article, based on the nonparametric Parzen window estimator and the probabilistic neural networks, we suggest a low-complexity and noncoherent UWB detector in the context of distributed wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A novel characteristic spectrum is firstly developed through a sequence of blind signal transforms. Then, from a pattern recognition perspective, four features are extracted from it to fully exploit the inherent property of UWB multipath signals. The established feature space is further mapped into a two-dimensional plane by feature combination in order to simplify algorithm complexity. Consequently, UWB signal detection is formulated to recognize the received patterns in this formed 2-D feature plane. With the excellent capability of fast convergence and parallel implementation, the Parzen Probabilistic Neural Network (PPNN) is introduced to estimate a posteriori probability of the developed patterns. Based on the underlying Bayesian rule of PPNN, the asymptotical optimal decision bound is finally determined in the feature plane. Numerical simulations also validate the advantages of our proposed algorithm.

Analytical capabilities of mass spectrometry imaging and its potential applications in food science

Li, B.,Dunham, S.J.B.,Dong, Y.,Yoon, S.,Zeng, M.,Sweedler, J.V. Elsevier Trends Journals 2016 Trends in food science & technology Vol.47 No.-

<P>Background: Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an untargeted and label-free chemical imaging technique that allows for the analysis of hundreds to thousands of molecules in a single experiment. Over the last two decades, MSI has become common in the medicinal, pharmaceutical, and botanical research communities, but has been applied less frequently in food science research. As an emerging 'molecular microscope', MSI offers unparalleled advantages for exploration of the spatio-chemical information from various food materials. It allows researchers to localize biomarkers of food origin and authenticity, characterize nutrients or chemical contaminants affecting human health, and ultimately, extend our understanding of food factors at the molecular level. Scope and approach: This review focuses on the predominant MSI ionization technologies and summarizes their application to studies involving food science, including the imaging of food metabolites, elements, naturally occurring toxic constituents, and exogenous contaminates. Technical considerations associated with sample preparation, MALDI matrix choice and application, data processing, analyte identification, and spatial resolution are discussed, as are the future outlooks for MSI in food science. Key findings and conclusions: MSI offers unparalleled chemical specificity for multiplexed analysis of the spatial distribution of nutrients, elements, and contaminants in food; information that is difficult or impossible to acquire with traditional staining or label-based methodologies. The unique spatio-chemical insights acquired with MSI have proven essential for understanding metabolic origin and change, and for visualization of exogenous substances having relevance to food quality and safety. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

東武 格致藁에 나타난 經學思想에 對한 考察(Ⅱ) : 儒略下篇과 獨行篇을 中心으로

최달영,구입본 대한동의병리학회 1995 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.9 No.2

연구배경 : 獨創的인 四象醫學의 思想的 根幹에 對한 硏究 接近은 醫書에 局限시키는 것 보다는 東洋哲學의 基底를 이루는 諸般 經典을 包括하여 이루어져야 한다고 思料된다. 格致藁는 東醫壽世保元의 前篇으로서 그의 思想的 總論이라 할 수 있어 四象醫學의 理論的 根源을 찾기 위함이다. 방법 : 李劑馬는 哲學的 背景을 原始儒學(四書三經)의 再說明에서 찾고 있다.東式의 初期著術인 格致藁에 나타난 原始儒學經典(四書三經)에의 引用과 變形에 관한 資料를 調査 整理 함으로써 考察해 보고자 한다. 결과 : 李劑馬는 儒學經典의 再解析을 通하여 그 當時까지의 思想을 利用하면서 自身의 言語로 再創造해 내는 獨創的인 作業을 하였다. 大學의 格致事物說이 四象類型的 事身心物의 根據가 되고, 四心論은 鄙薄貪儒 모델의 端緖가 되고 있다. 大學經典의 應用은 大學에만 局限되지 않고 孟子의 君子小人論과 孔子의 四端論과 깊숙이 關聯을 맺어가면서 獨自的이며 創意的인 발상으로 擴散 되었갔다. 中庸의 過不及思想은 體質醫學의 根本이 되고 있다. 결론 : 四象醫學은 體質的 正己를 目的으로 하는 儒學的 治心을 根幹으로 하고 있으며, 이러한 四分法의 性格, 心性등을 가지고 體質을 區分하려한 것은 무리가 따르기에 不完全의 補完으로 藥物의 投與를 통한 檢證이 可能하도록 努力하는 科程에서 四象醫學이 導出되었다고 보아야 妥當할 것이다. The conclusions have been gotten as follows from considering the effects of Confuciastic Classics (the Four Books and three Classics) expressed on the 2nd edition of Eurak in the Kyugchigo. 1. From the 2nd edition of Eurak, the theory of comprehension about "Matter" in the Taehak is based upon Lee, jae-ma four components Mhich are affair, spirit, body and matter, and become to the origin of the development of Dongmu thought. 2. Lee, Jaema made sure the viewpoint of acquaintance as he explained perfect virtue, rightness, courtesy and wisdom which called "Nature" and lowliness, insincerity, greed and laziness which called "Desire" in the Dokhang edition. And he discussed how to understand about human itself focused on heaven, knowledge and command by knowing accurately the meanings of perfect virtue, rightness, courtesy and wisdom and will, anxiety, courage and wisdom at the mutual relationship between cosmos, society and human. 3. Lee, Jaema had pursed how to understand human itself as philosophic subject for his lifetime. And it could be tought that he researched the method about how to understand human itself in the Doghang edition and suggested the method to achieve self-rightness in the proverbs of Bansung. 4. Therefore the method of self-rightness is derived from the "sincerity" of the Doctrine of Mean, "self-control reaches for courtesy", "the godness should be near but badness far away", "looking carefully for the fraud" which Confius said, the philosophy of mind-control and self-rightness came from "the freedom from anxiety and firm belief" which Mencius said. Based on what is explained before, Dongmu himself said about the method for self-rightness which is originated from "the moderation of the mind" and "the self-regulation of the spirit" and "feeling of joy and anger" that have completed by himself. So is the thought of excess and deficiency in the Doctrine of Mean become to the basis of Dongmu medicine of physical constitution. 5. Therefore Sasang medicine is derived from confuciastic mind-control which is for the physical self-rightness. It might be reasonable to think that Sasang medicine has been developed during the efforts to verify incompleteness through administration of drug. Because it is unreasonable to differentiate physical constitution on the ground of character and moral nature etc. of the four components theory explained before.

腫瘍의 化學療法 治療에 따른 副作用에 對한 東醫學的 硏究 : 養正積自除을 中心으로

최달영,구입본 대한동의병리학회 1995 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.9 No.2

연구배경 : 암은 급속도로 자라서 생명을 빼앗는 무서운 질환으로, 동서의학에서 부단한 노력을 통해 암치료의 치료법과 치료제의 개발에 발전이 있어왔는데 그 중에서 활용도가 높은 항암제에 의한 화학요법은 암종에 대한 감수성의 차이, 치료 후의 부작용등의 문제점으로 부작용을 감소시키면서 항암효과를 높이는 치료법이 요구되고 있다. 그래서 암의 발병원인이 되면서 치료의 근본이 되는 양정적자제를 문헌적으로 고찰하여 이것이 암치료에 운용될 수 있는가 연구하여 효과적인 암치료법으로 개발하고자 한다. 방법 : 암의 병인 병리에 대한 제가의 견해를 고찰하고 화학요법의 운용과 부작용을 검토하여 중요치법이 되는 양정적자제 치법원리를 문헌적으로 고찰하였다. 결과 : 정기내허는 암의 주요 병인이 되며 양정적자제는 주요한 치법이 된다. 화학요법의 부작용은 주로 정기내허를 유발시키므로 부정배본 즉 양정적자제를 응용할 수 있다고 사료되었다. 결론 : 양정적자제는 화학요법의 부작용을 감소시키면서 암세포에 대한 억제효과를 나타내는 치료법으로 가능성을 확인할 수 있기에 향후 실험과 임상연구를 통하여 계속적인 연구가 있어야한다고 사료되었다. In order to study the cause and of mechanism of disease about apperance of tumor, and the chemical therapy is being frequently used. As a result of therapeutic measure of tumor autometically disappear by nourishmint of patient's resistsnce of logical base which is being prevented and treated from the side effect as oriental medicine, we came to a conclusion. The result are summarized as follows ; 1. Tumor is a part expression of hole body's disease, it chiefly occured state of internal empty of resistance energy between strife of resistance energy and cause of disease. Loss of physiological function of organ and merdian induced pathological phenomena and A cancer came from heat-toxin accumulation. 2. Side effects of chemical therapy occur not only cancer cell but normal cell and then it kill tumor cell and reduction of hematogeous function and gastrointestinal disorder, and according to toxin of drug it operate hole body, it induced alopecia, syndrome of neuritis and skin disorder of liver and kidney and heart and lung. 3. Chemical therapy according to internal accumulation chiefly occur syndrome of loss of blood and energy and disorder of gastrointestine and loss of liver and kidney. Main therapeutic measure is reinforcement of vital energy and nourishmint of blood, invigoration of gastrointestine, reinforcement of liver and kidney, among them tumor autometically disappear by nourishmint of patient's resistsnce is main application. 4. Chemical therapy was acknowiedged as elimination method to tumor cell directly and Herb drug was acknowiedged as method of strengtheng of patient's resistsnce. Tumor autometically disappear by nourishmint of patient's resistsnce was observed antitumor activity and reduction of the side effect induced by chemical therapy. 5. The tumor autometically disappear by nourishrnint of patient's resistsnce as princeple of therapeutic measure enable patient's resistsnce energy to keep and vital energy to support, it was observed reduction of the side effect induced by chemical therapy and improve function of immune and extend survival duration and utilize as tumor therapy method.

健脾益氣湯 및 加菱實方의 cyclophosphamide에 依한 副作用 抑制에 關한 實驗的 硏究

崔達永,金俊錡,구입본,朴元煥 대한동의병리학회 1997 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.11 No.1

韓醫學에 있어서 癌의 治療에 대해서는 韓藥을 利用한 抗癌劑의 開發과 아울러 東·西醫學의 結合을 통한 治療 效果의 增大 方向에서 化學療法과 放射線療法의 副作用을 減少시키는 藥劑 및 處方에 대한 硏究가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 근래 毆陽汝忠은 항암제 부작용 감소를 위한 치법으로 健脾益氣法, 和胃降逆法, 補益氣血法, 調陽肝腎法 등을 제시하였는데, 健脾益氣湯은 이러한 치법에 의거하여 四君子湯에 益氣의 황기, 陳皮와 補心의 速志, 酸棗仁을 가미하여 創方된 것으로 臨床事例分析을 통하여 항암제 부작용으로 인한 胃腸障碍, 骨髓抑制,肝腎障碍, 神經損傷을 개선한다고 보고되었으며, 菱實은 韓國과 中國, 日本 등에서 胃癌이나 胎毒, 酒毒에 使用되고 있다. 이에 著者는 健脾益氣湯 및 加菱實方의 抗癌劑 副作用에 대한 抑制 效果를 實驗的으로 立證하기 위하여 흰쥐에 化學療法劑인 cyclophosphamide를 注射하여 副作用을 誘發시키고, cyclophosphamide 投與 前後 各 5日間 健脾益氣法湯 및 加菱實方을 投與한 다음 GOT, GPT, BUN, creatinine, 白血球數, 赤血球數, 血小板數를 測定하였으며, 腹腔癌을 誘發시킨 雄性 생쥐에 健脾益氣湯 및 加菱實方 投與 5日後 cyclophoshamide를 注射하여 副作用을 誘發시키고 白血球數, 赤血球數, 血小板數를 測定하였다. 健脾益氣湯 및 加菱實方은 cyclophoshamide의 副作用에 대한 抑制 效果가 있는 것으로 사료되어 동서의학의 결합을 통하여 암치료에 유효하게 응용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In order to investigate the effects of Gunbiikgitang and Gunbiikgtangganungsil on reducing side-effects of cyclophosphamide to the rats, and mice which have abdominal tumor after Sarcoma-180 cells were transplanted, cyclophosphomide, the anti-cancer agent, was injected in order to induce the side-effects, and the extract of Gunbiikgitang and Gunbiikgtangganungsil was administrated through mouth from 5 days before the injection to 5 days after the injection, and observe GOT, GPT, BUN, creatine, number of leukocyte, erythrocyte an thrombocyte. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In the effects of the inhibition of side-effects on the liver function, the GOT activity were proved to be reduced by the Gunbiikgitang and Gunbiikgtangganungsil and GPT activity were proved to be reduced by the Gunbiikgitang. 2. In the effects of the inhibition effect on the side-effects on the kidney function, the BUN and creatine remained unchanged in all groups. 3. In the number of leukocyte, erythrocyte and thrombocyte, the sample groups of Gunbiikgitang and Gunbiikgtangganungsil that did not had cancer showed an increase compared with control group. 4. In the number of erythrocyte and thrombocyte, the sample group of Gunbiikgitang and Gunbiikgtangganungsil that had cancer showed an increase compared with control group. while, there was no distinguishable development in the study on the cancer-carrier mice in the number of leukocyte. As the result of above experiment, it is presumed that Gunbiikgitang and Gunbiikgtangganungsil has proven to have inhibitory effect on side-effects of cyclophospnhomide. We can conclude that Gunbiikgitang and Gunbiikgtangganungsil will be useful for cure of the cancer in occidental and oriental medical world.

Low-intensity training provokes adaptive extracellular matrix turnover of a muscular dystrophy model

Thaís P. Gaiad,Murilo X. Oliveira,Adalfredo R. Lobo-Jr.,Lívia R. Libório,Priscilla A.F. Pinto,Danielle C. Fernandes,Ana Paula Santos,Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio,Alex Sander D. Machado 한국운동재활학회 2017 JER Vol.13 No.6

당송시지쟁적 초점 이급 종당, 존송 양파적 편파

전립립 ( Jeon Lib Lib ) 중국학연구회 2002 中國學硏究 Vol.22 No.-