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c-myc Expression: Keep the Noise Down!
David Levens,Hye-Jung Chung 한국분자세포생물학회 2005 Molecules and cells Vol.20 No.2
The c-myc proto-oncogene encodes a nuclear protein that is deregulated and/or mutated in most human cancers. Acting primarily as an activator and sometimes as a repressor, MYC protein controls the synthesis of up to 10−15% of genes. The key MYC targets contributing to oncogenesis are incompletely enumerated and it is not known whether pathology arises from the expression of physiologic targets at abnormal levels or from the pathologic response of new target genes that are not normally regulated by MYC. Regardless of which, available evidence indicates that the level of MYC expression is an important determinant of MYC biology. The c-myc promoter has architectural and functional features that contribute to uniform expression and help to prevent or mitigate conditions that might otherwise create noisy expression. Those features include the use of an expanded proximal promoter, the averaging of input from dozens of transcription factors, and real-time feedback using the supercoil-deformable Far UpStream Element (FUSE) as physical sensor of ongoing transcriptional activity, and the FUSE binding protein (FBP) as well as theFBP interacting repressor (FIR) as effectors to enforce normal transcription from the c-myc promoter.
Pseudarthrosis of the Cervical Spine: Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management
Dante Leven,Samuel K. Cho 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.4
Cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy are common pathologies that often improve with spinal decompression and fusion. Postoperative complications include pseudarthrosis, which can be challenging to diagnose and manage. We reviewed the literature with regard to risk factors, diagnosis, controversies, and management of cervical pseudarthrosis.
Haley M. McKissack,Howard Benjamin Levene 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.2
This literature review examines the relative placement of the interbody cage with respect to the unilateral screw construct to address the need for bilateral screw placement versus unilateral screw placement. Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has become a widely used technique for correcting lumbar intervertebral pathologies. This review addresses the necessity for further study on the effects of the relative position of intervertebral cage placement on the outcome of lumbar spine surgery after TLIF with unilateral pedicle screw fixation. Previous studies have addressed various factors, including posterior screw fixation, cage size, cage shape, and number of levels fused, that impact the biomechanics of the lumbar spine following TLIF. A simple survey of the literature was conducted. A search of the English literature was conducted using the keywords ‘TLIF,’ ‘transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,’ ‘graft placement,’ ‘graft position,’ ‘cage position,’ ‘cage placement,’ ‘unilateral pedicle screw,’ ‘unilateral TLIF cage placement,’ ‘lumbar biomechanics,’ ‘lumbar stability,’ ‘lumbar fusion,’ and ‘lumbar intervertebral cage’ with various combinations of the operators ‘AND’ and ‘OR’ and no date restrictions. Seventeen articles in the English literature that were most relevant to this research question were identified. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published data addressing the effects of cage placement relative to the unilateral screw on lumbar stability in TLIF with unilateral pedicle screw fixation. Investigation of the effects of cage placement is, thus, warranted to achieve optimal clinical outcomes in patients undergoing TLIF with unilateral pedicle screw fixation.
Real-Time Auditing of Domotic Robotic Cleaners
D. Papadogkonas,M. Zoumboulakis,Jenson Taylor,Mark Levene,George Roussos 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.2 No.1
Domotic Robotic Cleaners are autonomous devices that are designed to operate almost entirely unattended. In this paper we propose a system that aims to evaluate the performance of such devices by analysis of their trails. This concept of trails is central to our approach, and it encompasses the traditional notion of a path followed by a robot between arbitrary numbers of points in a physical space. We enrich trails with context-specific metadata, such as proximity to landmarks, frequency of visitation, duration, etc. We then process the trail data collected by the robots, we store it an appropriate data structure and derive useful statistical information from the raw data. The usefulness of the derived information is twofold: it can primarily be used to audit the performance of the robotic cleaner –for example, to give an accurate indication of how well a space is covered (cleaned). And secondarily information can be analyzed in real-time to affect the behavior of specific robots – for example to notify a robot that specific areas have not been adequately covered. Towards our first goal, we have developed and evaluated a prototype of our system that uses a particular commercially available robotic cleaner. Our implementation deploys adhoc wireless local networking capability available through a surrogate device mounted onto this commodity robot; the device senses relative proximity to a grid of RFID tags attached to the floor. We report on the performance of this system in experiments conducted in a laboratory environment, which highlight the advantages and limitations of our approach.
Lack of Current Recommendations for Resuming Sexual Activity Following Spinal Surgery
Cara Michelle Thomas,Howard Benjamin Levene 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.3
Patients are faced with many questions surrounding the after effects of the various surgical procedures and their ability to return to preoperative activities. While patients often question whether surgery would provide alleviation of pain, weakness, and instability, they often have additional questions about sexual activity during their convalescence that are not always addressed. Although the literature shows postsurgical improvement in sexual activity in association with improved low back pain, reports vaguely address the variability in sexual activity recommendations based on anatomic location and type of spinal surgery. We conducted a PubMed search of the English language from 1990 to 2018 with the following keywords: sexual activity, postoperative, spinal fusion, spinal decompression, functional outcomes, laminectomy, rehabilitation, biomechanics, lumbar disc surgery, metabolic energy expenditure, coital position, and Oswestry Disability Index. Additional studies are needed that survey both patients and spine surgeons to examine current recommendations and to help formulate future guidelines.