Explicit Learning and Depth of Processing in the Instructed Setting: Theory, Research, and Practice

( Ronald P. Leow ) 글로벌영어교육학회(구 호남영어교육학회) 2018 Studies in English education Vol.23 No.4

It is not unusual that one’s theoretical perception of the process of language learning underlies the way teaching is conducted in the instructed setting (Leow, 2012). This perception (conscious or unconscious) may be based on personal experience, formal second language acquisition (SLA) courses, and/or on research conducted in the empirical strand of instructed second language acquisition (ISLA). The overt manifestation of teachers’ perceptions is easily evidenced in how they present the second or foreign language (L2) or, more importantly, how they promote L2 learning given that learning is an internal process. It is vital, then, that learner processing and processes are well understood in the instructed setting in order to promote robust learning. This chapter (a) provides a concise report of major theoretical underpinnings and empirical studies that address the role of type of learning (implicit and explicit) assumed to take place in instructed settings, (b) probes deeper into what comprises explicit learning in relation to depth of processing and levels of awareness, (c) reports recent studies on depth of processing, and (d) offers pedagogical suggestions based on theoretical underpinnings and empirical findings in ISLA. Crucially, these pedagogical suggestions are framed within a curricular approach to research in ISLA (Leow, in press a; Leow & Cerezo, 2016).

Technical preparedness in Southeast Asia region for onshore dismantling of offshore structures: Gaps and opportunities

Jing-Shuo Leow,Jing-Shun Leow,Hooi-Siang Kang,Omar Yaakob,Wonsiri Punurai,Sari Amelia,Huyen Thi Le Techno-Press 2023 Ocean systems engineering Vol.13 No.1

An onshore dismantling yard is an important part in the supply chain of the offshore oil and gas decommissioning industry. However, despite having more than 500 offshore structures to be decommissioned in the Southeast Asia region, there are a very limited number of well-equipped dismantling yards to fully execute the onshore dismantling. Recent investigations discovered that shipbuilding and offshore structure fabrication yards are still potential options for upgrades to include dismantling. Despite the huge potential opportunities from upgrading to dismantling, research studies on this area are relatively scarce, and most past studies mainly focused on the North Sea region. To date, the potential opportunities of Southeast Asia and Malaysia yards to develop onshore dismantling capability are still unclear. The aim of this study is to identify the criteria to develop a technical preparedness checklist to evaluate an onshore dismantling yard; consequently, this will assist with assessing and bridging the gaps and identify the opportunity of developing an onshore dismantling yard in Southeast Asia region. Requirements for onshore dismantling and related rules and regulations have been investigated and summarized in the form of checklist. Findings from this study can help local oil and gas operators to pursue more local solutions and resilient supply chain performance.

Reverse vaccinology approach for the identification and characterization of outer membrane proteins of Shigella flexneri as potential cellular- and antibody-dependent vaccine candidates

Chiuan Yee Leow,Ada Kazi,Che Muhammad Khairul Hisyam Ismail,Candy Chuah,Boon Huat Lim,Chiuan Herng Leow,Kirnpal Kaur Banga Singh 대한백신학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: In the developing world, bacillary dysentery is one of the most common communicable diarrheal infections. There are approximately 169 million cases of shigellosis reported worldwide. The disease is transmitted by a group of Gram-negative intracellular enterobacteria known as Shigella flexneri, S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae, and S. boydii. Conventional treatment regimens for Shigella have been less effective due to the development of resistant strains against antibiotics. Therefore, an effective vaccine for the long term control of Shigella transmission is urgently needed. Materials and Methods: In this study, a reverse vaccinology approach was employed to identify most conserved and immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of S. flexneri 2a. Results: Five OMPs including fepA, ompC, nlpD_1, tolC, and nlpD_2 were identified as potential vaccine candidates. Protein-protein interactions analysis using STRING software (https://string-db.org/) revealed that five of these OMPs may potentially interact with other intracellular proteins which are involved in beta-lactam resistance pathway. B- and T-cell epitopes of the selected OMPs were predicted using BCPred as well as Propred I and Propred (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/propred/), respectively. Each of these OMPs contains regions which are capable to induce B- and T-cell immune responses. Conclusion: Analysis acquired from this study showed that five selected OMPs have great potential for vaccine development against S. flexneri infection. The predicted immunogenic epitopes can also be used for development of peptide vaccines or multi-epitope vaccines against human shigellosis. Reverse vaccinology is a promising strategy for the discovery of potential vaccine candidates which can be used for future vaccine development against global persistent infections.

The mobile phone as a cultural artefact in Singapore

Leow Meizhi,Doobo Shim 한국방송학회 2004 한국방송학회 세미나 및 보고서 Vol.- No.-

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the pathologist’s perspective

Wei-Qiang Leow,Anthony Wing-Hung Chan,Paulo Giovanni L. Mendoza,Regina Lo,Kihan Yap,Haeryoung Kim 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.-

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of diseases characterized by fatty accumulation in hepatocytes, ranging from steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, to cirrhosis. While histopathological evaluation of liver biopsies plays a central role in the diagnosis of NAFLD, limitations such as the problem of interobserver variability still exist and active research is underway to improve the diagnostic utility of liver biopsies. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the histopathological features of NAFLD, the current grading and staging systems, and discuss the present and future roles of liver biopsies in the diagnosis and prognostication of NAFLD.

Horai Rice in the Making of Japanese Colonial Taiwan

Wei Yi Leow 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2019 Cross-Currents Vol.0 No.33

In 1912, Eikichi Iso arrived to serve as a plant breeder in the Japanese colony of Taiwan. Iso and his researchers developed crossbred Horai rice that produced the round grains desired by Japanese consumers. This article explains how Horai rice made Taiwan into an economically viable possession of the Japanese Empire. Iso matched the terrain and conditions of Taiwan to the regions of the Japanese home islands closest in character, and the varieties from each region were selected for experimentation at field stations located in the matching Taiwanese region. The experiments yielded new varieties of rice that fostered trade relations between Taiwan and the home islands. This change brought about higher incomes but also increased costs for the farmers. The addition of a new cash crop unsettled Japanese attempts to manage the sugar industry, instigating greater state intervention in rice markets, even as war demand meant that Taiwanese rice became indispensable. The success of Horai gave Taiwan an identity as a rice colony, which its leaders sought to leverage as expertise to colonize newly conquered Hainan. The movement of people, ideas, and the genetic materials of rice plants created a “Japanized” Taiwan that in turn expanded beyond the shores of the island colony.

Ultrasonography in Acupuncture—Uses in Education and Research

Mabel Qi He Leow,Shu Li Cui,Mohammad Taufik Bin Mohamed Shah,Taige Cao,Shian Chao Tay,Peter Kay Chai Tay,Chin Chin Ooi 사단법인약침학회 2017 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.10 No.3

This study aims to explore the potential use of ultrasound in locating the second posterior sacral foramen acupuncture point, quantifying depth of insertion and describing surrounding anatomical structures. We performed acupuncture needle insertion on a study team member. There were four steps in our experiment. First, the acupuncturist located the acupuncture point by palpation. Second, we used an ultrasound machine to visualize the structures surrounding the location of the acupuncture point and measure the depth required for needle insertion. Third, the acupuncturist inserted the acupuncture needle into the acupuncture point at an angle of 30°. Fourth, we performed another ultrasound scan to ensure that the needle was in the desired location. Results suggested that ultrasound could be used to locate the acupuncture point and estimate the depth of needle insertion. The needle was inserted to a depth of 4.0 cm to reach the surface of the sacral foramen. Based on Pythagoras theorem, taking a needle insertion angle of 30° and a needle insertion depth of 4.0 cm, the estimated perpendicular depth is 1.8 cm. An ultrasound scan corroborated the depth of 1.85 cm. The use of an ultrasound-guided technique for needle insertion in acupuncture practice could help standardize the treatment. Clinicians and students would be able to visualize and measure the depth of the sacral foramen acupuncture point, to guide the depth of needle insertion. This methodological guide could also be used to create a standard treatment protocol for research. A similar mathematical guide could also be created for other acupuncture points in future.

Location-Aided User Selection and Sum-Rate Analysis for mmWave NOMA

Igbafe, Orikumhi,Leow, Chee Yen,Kim, Sunwoo 한국통신학회 2023 Journal of communications and networks Vol.25 No.1

In this paper, we propose a user selection schemebased on location-aided interference prediction to reduce thetraining overhead in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)system. First, we cluster the users based on their locationinformation, enabling the use of non-orthogonal pilot sequencewithin a cluster and orthogonal pilot sequence between differentclusters to reduce the uplink pilot training length. Secondly,we exploit the location information in the computation of thecovariance matrices, enabling the prediction of the interferencebetween users. The predicted interference is employed to selectthe set of users with minimum interference for uplink channelestimation and downlink NOMA data transmission. Finally,the achievable sum-rate of the massive multiple-input multiple-output millimeter wave NOMA system is analyzed. The analyticaland numerical results reveal that the location information canbe exploited for user selection to reduce the effect of pilotcontamination, enhancing the uplink channel estimation anddownlink achievable sum-rate.

Resource-Positive Waste Treatment through Catalytic Production of Fuels and Industrial Chemicals

Timothy Strathmann,Shijie Leow,Dongwook Kim,Derek Vardon 대한환경공학회 2015 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Second Language Accuracy Development Through Interaction in Video-Based Telecollaboration and Face-to-Face Contexts and Type of Assessment Task: A Curricular Approach

서보람,Ronald P. Leow 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2020 외국어교육연구 Vol.34 No.3

Despite the growing interest in the use of telecollaboration in higher education, little has been documented concerning the effects of interaction in video-based telecollaboration on L2 development in comparison with interaction in the traditional face-to-face (FTF) environment. In addition, very few studies have succeeded in situating the research designs within the language curriculum for robust pedagogical ramifications in addition to addressing statistically performances obtained on different types of assessment tasks. As part of a larger research project on telecollaboration, this study investigated the relative effects of interaction in video-based telecollaboration (Teletandem) and FTF environments, embedded within language curriculum, on L2 oral accuracy development together with the possible role of the type of oral production assessment task in L2 accuracy development across time. Advanced-level learners of Spanish as a foreign language engaged in oral interaction either in Teletandem (with native speakers of Spanish) or in FTF (with nonnative speaker learners) environments six times during the course of one semester. L2 development was measured by a picture-description task and an opinion-stating task. Results showed that interaction both in Teletandem and FTF modes promoted L2 accuracy development over the six sessions, and the type of medium (and their inherent differences of interlocutor type) did not significantly affect L2 development. Furthermore, results indicated that learners achieved greater improvements on the opinion-stating task than on the picture-description task. These findings are discussed in light of research design issues, previous findings, and the need to seriously address the context of learning from a curricular perspective.