Synthesis of Host Polymers and Guests for Electrophosphorescence

Andrew B. Holmes,Khai Leok Chan,Sung Yong Cho,Nicholas R. Evans,Andrew C. Grimsdale,Nicholas R. Evans,Chris S. K. Mak,Scott E. Watkins 한국고분자학회 2006 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2006 No.10

Synthesis of Host Polymers and Guests for Electrophosphorescence

Scott E. Watkins,Khai Leok Chan,Sung Yong Cho,Nicholas R. Evans,Andrew C. Grimsdale,Andrew B. Holmes,Chris S. K. Mak,Albertus J. Sandee,Charlotte K. Williams 한국고분자학회 2007 Macromolecular Research Vol.15 No.2

Synthesis of Host Polymers and Guests for Electrophosphorescence

Watkins Scott E.,Chan, Khai Leok,Cho, Sung-Yong,Evans Nicholas R.,Grimsdale Andrew C.,Holmes Andrew B.,Mak Chris S.K.,Sandee Albertus J.,Williams Charlotte K. The Polymer Society of Korea 2007 Macromolecular Research Vol.15 No.2

Significant progress has been realized in the design and synthesis of light emitting polymers that emit over the entire visible spectrum. However, up to seventy-five percent of charge recombination events can lead to triplet states that decay non-radiatively. Following the pioneering work in the field of small molecule organic light emitting devices, it has been found that solution processible iridium polymer complexes can be used to harness the wasted triplet energy. In this paper, new results with respect to the electrophosphorescence of solution processible tethered iridium polymer derivatives are presented. Furthermore, our approaches to the design of new high triplet energy conjugated polymer hosts are also reported.

CASE REPORT : Hypopigmentation Induced by Frequent Low-Fluence, Large-Spot-Size QS Nd:YAG Laser Treatments

( Yisheng Wong ),( Siong See Joyce Lee ),( Chee Leok Goh ) 대한피부과학회 2015 Annals of Dermatology Vol.27 No.6

The Q-switched 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS 1064-nm Nd:YAG) laser is increasingly used for nonablative skin rejuvenation or “laser toning” for melasma. Multiple and frequent low-fluence, large-spot-size treatments are used to achieve laser toning, and these treatments are associated with the development of macular hypopigmentation as a complication. We present a case series of three patients who developed guttate hypomelanotic macules on the face after receiving laser toning treatment with QS 1064-nm Nd:YAG. (Ann Dermatol 27(6) 751∼755, 2015)

기내(器內) 대량(大量) 생산(生産) 반하(半夏) 종구(種球)의 포장(圃場) 재배기술(裁培技術) 연구(硏究) I. 파종시기(播種詩期)가 생육(生育)과 괴경형성(塊莖形成) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)

박호기,김태수,박문수,최인록,장영선,박근용,Park, Ho-Ki,Kim, Tai-Soo,Park, Moon-Soo,Choi, In-Leok,Jang, Yeong-Sun,Park, Keun-Yong 한국약용작물학회 1993 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.1 No.2

조직(組織) 배양(培養)을 통(通)하여 대량(大量) 생산(生産)된 반하(半夏) 종구(種球)의 포장재배(圃場裁培) 파종(播種) 적기(適期)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 '90년(年) 4월(月) 20일(日), 5월(月) 20일(日), 6월(月) 20일(日), 7월(月) 20일(日), 8월(月) 20일(日) 및 9월(月) 20일(日)에 파종(播種)하여 출아특성(出芽特性), 생육특성(生育特性), 괴경형성(傀莖形成) 및 수량(收量)에 관련된 몇 가지 형질(形質)에 대하여 2개년간(個年間)$('90{\sim}'91)$ 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종기별(播種期別) 출아소요기간(出芽所要期間)(파종(播種)${\sim}$출아(出芽))은 $9{\sim}26$일(日) 이었으며 파종기(播種期)가 빠른 4월(月) 20일(日)이 26일(日), 온도(溫度)가 높은 시기(時期)인 8월(月) 20일(日) 파종(播種)이 9일(日)로 가장 짧았으며 이 기간(期間)의 적산온도(積算溫度)는 $256{\sim}334^{\circ}C$이었다. 2. 파종기별(播種期別) 출아율(出芽率)은 $68{\sim}87%$로 대체로 좋았으나 7월(月) 20일(日) 파종(播種)은 고온(高溫) 및 한발(旱魃)의 영향(影響)으로 저조(低調) (55%)하였다. 3. 파종기별(播種期別) 재배기간중(栽培期間中)(2년(年)) 생육과정(生育過程)은 4월(月) 20일(日), 5월(月) 20일(日), 6월(月) 20일(日) 및 7월(月) 20일(日) 파종(播種)은 4회(回) 생육(生育)을, 8월(月) 20일(日)과 9월(月) 20일(日) 파종(播種)은 3회(回) 생육(生育)하였고, 총(總) 생육기간(生育期間)은 125일(日)${\sim}$239일(日)로 파종기(潘種期)가 빠를 수록 길었으며 9월(月) 20일(日) 파종(播種)은 125일(日)에 불과(不過)하였다. 4. 파종기별(潘種期別) 수확(收穫) 당시(當時)의 초장(草長), 괴경장(塊莖長) 및 괴경폭(塊莖幅)은 4월(月) 20일(日)${\sim}$6월(月) 20일(日) 파종(播種)은 큰 반면(反面) 7월(月) 20일(日) 이후(以後) 파종(播種)은 극히 적었으며 초장(草長)과 괴경장(塊莖長), 괴경폭(塊莖幅) 및 괴경수량(塊莖收量)과는 유의(有意) 상관(相關)이 인정(認定)되었다. 5. 파종기별(播種期別) 수확당시(收穫當時)의 $m^2$당(當) 주수(株數)는 5월(月) 20일(日)과 6월(月) 20일(日) 파종(播種)은 다른 파종기(播種期)에 비해 유의적(有意的)으로 많았으며(P<0.05) 7월(月) 20일(日) 이후(以後) 파종(播種)은 급멸(急滅)하였다. 6. 파종기별(播種期別) 생체수량(生體收量)은 4월(月) 20일(日) 파종(播種)(352kg/10a)에 비해 5월(月) 20일(日)이 9%(P<0.05), 6월(月) 20일(日)이 3% 증수(增收)하였고, 7월(月) 20일(日) 이하(以後) 파종(播種)은 $59{\sim}81%$까지 크게 감수(減收)하였으며 건물수량(乾物收量)도 같은 경향(傾向)이었다. 7. 파종기별(播種期訓) 상품가치(商品價値)가 있는 7.1mm이상(以上)의 괴경(塊莖)크기 분포(分布)는 5월(月) 20일(日) 파종(播種)이 322kg/10a, 6월(月) 20일(日) 파종(播種)이 299kg/10a으로 훨씬 많은 반면 7월(月) 20일(日)${\sim}$9월(月) 20일(日) 파종(播種)은 $55{\sim}117kg/10a$으로 극히 적었다. 8. 수량(收量)과 $m^2$당(當) 주수(株數)와는 고도(高度)의 상관(相關)$(r=0.992^{**})$이 인정(認定)되었으며 다수확(多收獲)을 위해서는 기내(器內) 생육(生産) 반하(半夏) 종구(種球)를 5월(月) 20일(日)${\sim}$6월(月) 20일(日)에 파종(播種)하는것이 가장 바람직하였다. This study was carried out to determine the optimum planting time for in vitromultiplied tuber of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit. The tubers were planted on April 20, May 20, June 20, July 20, August 20 and September 20 in 1990. Emergence ratios were 68 to 87% in any planting time except planting on July 20. The number of tubers per $m^2$ at harvest in plantings on May 20 and June 20 were significantly higher with 1,110 and 1,021, respectively, while in plantings after July 20, those were drastically decreased. As compared with fresh yield of planting on April 20(352kg /10a), that of May 20 was 109% and June 20 was 103%, while those of after July 20 were from 41% to 19%. There was a highly positive correlation between dry tuber yield and the number of tubers per $m^2(r=0.991^{**})$. Tuber yields for commercial use(diameter over 7.1mm) were high in planting on May 20(322kg /10a) and on June 20(299kg /10a). It was suggested that optimum field planting time for in vitro multiplied tuber of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit was from May 20 to June May 20.

Symptomatic Construct Failure after Metastatic Spine Tumor Surgery

Kumar Naresh,Patel Ravish,Tan Jiong Hao,Song Joshua,Pandita Naveen,Hey Dennis Hwee Weng,Lau Leok Lim,Liu Gabriel Ka-Po,Thambiah Joseph,Wong Hee-Kit 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.4

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and presentation of symptomatic failures (SFs) after metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS). To identify the associated risk factors. To categorize SFs based on the management in these patients.Overview of Literature: Few studies have reported on the incidence (1.9%–16%) and risk factors of SF after MSTS. It is unclear whether all SFs, occurring in MSTS-patients, result in revision surgery.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis on 288 patients (246 for final analysis) who underwent MSTS between 2005–2015. Data collected were demographics and peri/postoperative clinical and radiological features. Early and late radiological SF were defined as presentation before and after 3 months from index surgery, respectively. Univariate and multivariate models of competing risk regression analysis were designed to determine the risk factors for SF with death as a competing event.Results: We observed 14 SFs (5.7%) in 246 patients; 10 (4.1%) underwent revision surgery. Median survival was 13.4 months. The mean age was 58.8 years (range, 21–87 years); 48.4% were women. The median time to failure was 5 months (range, 1–60 months). Patients with SF were categorized into three groups: (1) SF when the primary implant was revised (n=5, 35.7%); (2) peri-construct progression of disease requiring extension (n=5, 35.7%); and (3) SFs that did not warrant revision (n=4, 28.5%). Four patients (28.5%) presented with early failure. SF commonly occurred at the implant-bone interface (9/14) and all patients had a spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) >7. Thirteen patients (92.8%) who developed failure had fixation spanning junctional regions. Multivariate competing risk regression showed that preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score was a significant risk factor for implant failure (adjusted sub-hazard ratio, 7.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.63–30.07; p<0.0009).Conclusions: The incidence of SF (5.7%) was low in patients undergoing MSTS although these patients did not undergo spinal fusion. Preoperative ambulators involved a 7 times higher risk of failure than non-ambulators. Preoperative SINS >7 and fixations spanning junctional regions were associated with SF. Majority of construct failures occurred at the implant-bone interface.

기내 대량 생산 반하 (半夏) 종구의 (種球) 포장 배양기술 연구

박호기(Ho Ki Park),김태수(Tai Soo Kim),박문수(Moon Soo Park),최인녹(In Leok Choi),장영선(Yeong Sun Jang),박근용(Keun Yong Park) 한국약용작물학회 1993 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.1 No.2

This study was carried out to determine the optimum planting time for in vitro multiplied tuber of Pinellia ternatat (Thunb.) Breit. The tubers were planted on April 20, May 20, June 20, July 20, August 20 and September 20 in 1990, Emergence ratios were 68 to 87% in any planting time except planting on July 20. The number of tubers per ㎡ at harvest in plantings on May 20 and June 20 were significantly higher with 1,110 and 1,021, respectively, while in plantings after July 20, those were drastically decreased. As compared with fresh yield of planting on April 20(352㎏/l0a), that of May 20 was 109% and June 20 was 103.%, while those of after July 20 were from 41% to 19%. There was a highly positive correlation between dry tuber yield and the number of tubers per ㎡(r==0_991**). Tuber yields for co㎜ercial use(diameter over 7.1㎜) were high in planting on May 20(322㎏/10a) and on June 20(299㎏/10a). It was suggested that optimum field planting time for in vitro multiplied tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit was from May 20 to June May 20.

가시오가피의 삽목번식방법 (揷木繁殖方法)

박호기(Ho Ki Park),박문수(Moon Soo Park),김태수(Tai Soo Kim),최인녹(In Leok Choi),장영선(Yeong Sung Jang),김규성(Gue Seong Kim) 한국약용작물학회 1994 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Eleutherococcus senticocus MAXIM containing compounds for a cordial and lumbago is a native plant in this country. However it is generally difficult to propagate them by seed. This study was carried out to improve propagation efficacy by cutting method using Eleutherococcus senticocus MAXIM collected Mt. Odae for three years(`90∼`92). Rooting was delayed by 3 to 12 days but callus formation and rooting percentage was high by 75%, 30% respectively in the treatment of Rooton-F powder, a chemical for rooting promotion, compared with non-treatment. Rooting percentage and rooting characters were not differenced by treatment for remove rooting inhibition compounds and soil-media mixured by 1:1 of vermiculite and perlite was suitable for elevating rooting ratio. A. chiisanensis and A. sieboldianum were rooted well in any tune to be cut, while rooting activity of E. senticosus was different by time to be cut. Rooting ratio of E. senticosus was 20%, 36% and 60% when cutter March 20, July 20 and September 20, respectively.

Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score Is Predictive of Perioperative Adverse Events in Operatively Treated Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures

Liu Gabriel Ka-Po,Tan Jiong Hao,Kong Jun Cheong,Tan Yong Hao Joel,Kumar Nishant,Liang Shen,Shawn Seah Jing Sheng,Ting Chiu Shi,Lim Lau Leok,Dennis Hey Hwee Weng,Kumar Naresh,Thambiah Joseph,Wong Hee-K 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.6

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study of patients with surgically treated thoracolumbar fractures.Purpose: This study aimed to describe the incidence of adverse events (AEs) after surgical stabilization of thoracolumbar spine injuries and to identify predictive factors for the occurrence of AEs. Overview of Literature: Thoracolumbar spine fractures are frequently present in patients with blunt trauma and are associated with significant morbidity. AEs can occur due to the initial spinal injury or secondary to surgical treatment. There is a lack of emphasis in the literature on the AEs that can occur after operative management of thoracolumbar fractures.Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 199 patients with surgically treated thoracolumbar fractures operated between January 2007 and January 2018. The potential risk factors for the development of AEs as well as the development of common complications were evaluated by univariate analysis, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors predictive of the above.Results: The overall rate of AEs was 46.7%; 83 patients (41.7%) had nonsurgical AEs, whereas 24 (12.1%) had surgical adverse events. The most common AEs were urinary tract infections in 43 patients (21.6%), and hospital-acquired pneumonia in 21 patients (10.6%). On multivariate logistic regression, a Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity (TLICS) score of 8–10 (odds ratio [OR], 6.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.33–17.51), the presence of polytrauma (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.17–5.99), and undergoing open surgery (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.09–4.88) were significant risk factors for AEs. The absence of neurological deficit was associated with a lower rate of AEs (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31–0.70).Conclusions: This study suggests the presence of polytrauma, preoperative American Spinal Injury Association score, and TLICS score are predictive of AEs in patients with surgically treated thoracolumbar fractures. The results might also suggest a role for minimally invasive surgical methods in reducing AEs in these patients.