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Lee, A.,Choi, H.J.,Jin, K.B.,Hyun, M.H. Elsevier 2011 Journal of chromatography A Vol.1218 No.26
A liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phase (CSP) based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid was applied for the first time to the resolution of biologically important 1-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. The unusual resolution of cyclic secondary amino compounds on a chiral crown ether-based CSP was quite successful with the use of a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-triethylamine at a ratio of 30/70/0.5 (v/v/v) as a mobile phase. From the chromatographic behaviours for the resolution of seven 1-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines, the steric bulkiness of the 1-phenyl ring at the chiral center of analytes was concluded to play an important role in the chiral recognition.
SPEINGER SCEINCE + BUSINESS MEDIA 2016 JOURNAL OF REAL TIME IMAGE PROCESSING Vol.12 No.2
<P>The latest video coding standard, high efficiency video coding (HEVC), is developed to acquire a more efficient coding performance than the previous standard, H.264/AVC. To achieve this coding performance, elaborate coding tools were implemented in HEVC. Although those tools show a higher coding performance than H.264/AVC, the encoding complexity is heavily increased. Especially, motion estimation (ME) requires the most computational complexity because that is always performed on three inter-prediction modes: uni-directional prediction in List 0 (Uni-L0), uni-directional prediction in List 1 (Uni-L1), and bi-prediction (Bi). In this paper, we propose a priority-based inter-prediction mode decision method to reduce the complexity of ME caused by inter-prediction. The proposed method computes the priorities of all inter-prediction modes and decides whether ME is performed or not. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the computational complexity of ME up to 55.51% while maintaining similar coding performance compared to HEVC test model (HM) version 10.1.</P>
Lee, A.,Choi, K.H.,Yoon, D.,Kim, S.,Cha, J. Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Japan ; 2017 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol.124 No.3
<P>The putative gene cluster involved in the degradation of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) was identified in Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. Within the cluster, the gene encoding a putative alpha-galactosidase (CbAga36) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Size exclusion chromatography of the purified rCbAga36 indicated that the native form was a tetramer. Its primary sequence was similar to the family of glycoside hydrolase 36. The purified recombinant CbAga36 (rCbAga36) was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 70 degrees C and had a half-life of 15 h and 10 h at 70 degrees C and 80 degrees C, respectively. rCbAga36 showed high activity with the artificial substrate (p-nitrophenyl cc-D-galactopyranoside, pNPaGal) exhibiting lower Km and higher kat than natural substrates such as melibiose and raffinose. Although rCbAga36 demonstrated preferential activity toward the hydrolysis of RFO such as raffinose and stachyose, it did not degrade the polymeric galactomannans. Our results imply that CbAga36 may play a role in the degradation of RFO, transported into the cytoplasm via a transporter into galactose, which is further utilized as an energy source in C. bescii. Furthermore, its ability to synthesize novel oligosaccharides by transglycosylation renders this enzyme potentially useful for the production of dietary oligosaccharides with novel function. (C) 2017, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.</P>
Multifunctional resistive switching behaviors employing various electroforming steps
Lee, A.,Bae, Y.,Baek, G.,Chung, J.,Lee, S.,Im, H.,Hong, J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.4 No.4
<P>We examine the electroforming-dependent multifunctional resistive switching features by operating a merged Pt/Ta2O5-x/Ta-Ta/Ta2O5-x/Pt switching device under particular bias and polarity conditions. The basic Pt/Ta2O5-x/Ta resistive switching cell comprising the completely merged device shows two different bipolar switching behaviors with an initial forming process under different bias polarities. Therefore, two switching elements can be merged in various ways to produce diverse functionalities such as asymmetric complementary resistive switching (CRS) and typical CRS, achieved through control of the forming process. A possible mechanism to explain the unique features observed is discussed in terms of bias-driven oxygen ion drift and Joule-heating-based filamentary path models. This work suggests a suitable electroforming route for advancing symmetric CRS characteristics.</P>
Effects of Literacy and Education on Semantic Fluency in the Korean Elderly
Jinkyung Leea(이진경),Yeonwook Kanga(강연욱) 한국언어청각임상학회 2016 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.21 No.4
배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 한국 노인들을 대상으로 문식성(literacy)과 교육수준이 의미 유창성에 미치는 효과를 확인하고 그 결과가 의미범주(동물, 가게물건)에 따라서 차이가 있는지 밝히고자 수행되었다. 방법: 306명의 정상노인(평균 나이 72.8±7.8세; 남자 151명, 여자 155명)이 연구에 참여하였고, 문식성과 교육수준에 따라서 7개 집단(비문해 집단, 무학/문해 집단, 저-초등 집단, 고-초등 집단, 중학교 집단, 고등학교 집단, 대학 집단)으로 분류되었다. 모든 연구 대상자들에게 의미 유창성검사(동물, 가게물건)를 실시하였다. 결과: 동물 범주에서는 비문해 집단과 무학/문해 집단 간 의미 유창성의 차이가 관찰되었으나, 가게물건 범주에서는 비문해 집단이 무학/문해 집단이나 저-초등 집단과 의미 유창성의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 동물 범주에서는 무학/문해 집단부터 중학교 집단까지 유의한 수행차이가 관찰되지 않았고, 고등학교 집단과 대학 집단 간에도 수행차이가 발견되지 않았으나, 가게물건 범주에서는 고-초등 집단이 비문해 집단보다, 중학교 집단이 무학/문해 집단보다, 그리고 대학 집단이 고등학교 집단보다 우수한 수행을 보였다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 동물 범주의 경우에는 교육수준보다 문식성이 의미 유창성에 더 큰 영향을 미치고, 가게물건 범주의 경우는 문식성보다 교육수준이 더 큰 영향을 미친다는 사실을 시사한다. Objectives: The present study was conducted to examine the effects of literacy and education on semantic fluency and to compare them to two semantic categories such as animal and supermarket. Methods: Normal healthy elderly (N=306; mean age: 72.8±7.8 years; 151 male, 155 female) participated in the study. The participants were classified into 7 groups: illiterate group (N=30), no schooling but literate group (N=40), lower grade of elementary school group (N=24), higher grade of elementary school group (N=55), middle school group (N=52), high school group (N=51), and college group (N=54). All of the participants were given the semantic (animal & supermarket) fluency test. Results: There was a significant group difference between the illiterate and no schooling but literate groups in the animal category, whereas no significant group difference was found between the illiterate and lower grade of elementary school groups in the supermarket category. In the animal category, there was no significant group difference between the no schooling but literate and middle school groups or between the high school and college groups, whereas the performance was better on the supermarket category test in the higher grade of elementary school than the illiterate groups, and in the middle school than no schooling but literate groups, and in the college than high school groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that literacy has a stronger influence on animal fluency while education has a stronger influence on supermarket fluency.
Development of Intentional Communicative Behavior in Korean Toddlers 12 to 30 Months
YoonKyoung Leea(이윤경),HyoJoo Leeb(이효주) 한국언어청각임상학회 2016 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.21 No.4
배경 및 목적: 영유아 시기의 의도적 의사소통행동 발달은 의사소통 발달의 기초가 되며, 추후 언어 발달과도 밀접한 관계를 갖는다. 본 연구는 12-30개월 사이의 영아들을 대상으로 의도적 의사소통행동 발달을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다 방법: 12-30개월 사이의 전형적 발달 영유아 41명을 대상으로 하였다. 참여 영유아는 6개월 간격의 세 연령 집단으로 구분하였으며, 각각 참가자는 12-18개월 13명, 19-24개월 14명, 25-30개월 14명이었다. 의도적 의사소통행동은 영유아와 양육자 간의 놀이 상황에서 수집된 10분간의 상호작용 행동표본을 분석하였으며, 분당 의도적 의사소통행동 빈도, 의도적 의사소통행동의 기능(행동통제적, 사회적 상호작용적, 동시주의적), 의도적 의사소통행동의 수단(몸짓, 발성, 몸짓 동반 발성, 언어, 몸짓 동반 언어)을 측정하였다. 측정된 결과는 일원분산분석과 이원분산분석, 단순 및 중다회귀분석으로 통계 분석하였다. 결과: 분당 의도적 의사소통행동 빈도는 연령에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다. 의사소통기능 범주별 사용 빈도는 동시주의와 사회적 상호작용 기능 범주에서 연령에 따라 유의한 증가를 보였으며, 기능 범주별 하위기능 유형 수는 동시주의에서만 연령에 따른 유의한 차이를 보였다. 의사소통수단에서는 몸짓은 연령 증가에 따라 유의하게 감소한 반면, 몸짓 동반 언어와 언어의 사용은 연령에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다. 분당 의도적 의사소통행동 빈도와 동시주의 기능, 몸짓 동반 언어가 생활연령 및 언어발달연령을 유의하게 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 12-30개월 한국 영유아의 초기 의도적 의사소통행동 발달을 보여주며, 영유아 시기의 의도적 의사소통 발달 평가 및 중재에 활용할 수 있을 것이다. Objectives: The development of intentional communicative behaviors is closely related to later language development. This study aimed to examine the development of the intentional communicative behavior in Korean toddlers at 12 to 30 months. Methods: The participants were 41 typical developing Korean toddlers. The toddlers were classified by three age groups: 12–18 months, 19–24 months, and 25–30 months. A 10-minute behavior sample was obtained from each participant during interaction with their caregiver, from which the frequency of intentional communicative behaviors per minute, communicative functions (behavior regulatory, social interactional, and joint attentional functions), and means (gesture, vocalization, gesture with vocalization, verbal, verbal with gesture) of the behaviors were measured. Results: Results showed the following: intentional communicative behaviors per minute increased significantly with age. Analysis of communicative functions indicated that the rate of joint attentional and social interactional functions also significantly increased with age, however, in the number of sub-functions only increased in the joint attentional function. Analysis of communicative means showed that communicative gestures significantly decreased, but verbal communications with gestures and verbal means increased with age. The frequency of intentional communicative behaviors per minute, joint attentional functions, and verbal communications with gestures significantly predicted chronological age and language age. Conclusion: The results of this study help in understanding the development of intentional communicative behaviors in Korean toddlers during 12 to 30 months of age and have implications for assessing the communicative abilities in the toddler period and planning intervention for children with developmental language delay.
IFRS17(보험계약)의 보험계약마진 측정 및 상각기준에 대한 정비방안1)
이태기 ( Taeki Leea ),전규안 ( Kyu An Jeonb ),노건엽 ( Geon Youp Nohc ) 한국회계학회 2023 회계저널 Vol.32 No.6
본 연구는 IFRS17 시행 후 회계정보 유용성 제고 여부 검증을 위해 국내 보험회사와 글로벌 보험회사간 재무영향 분석 및 보험상품 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 또한 보험부채의 현재가치 평가를 위해 감독당국이 제시하는 할인율의 적정성과 고객관점에서의 보험서비스 제공수준(산출법)만을 인정하는 보험계약마진 상각기준의 적정성을 분석하였다. 먼저 국내 및 글로벌 보험회사의 2023년 1분기 재무정보 비교결과, IFRS17에서 다양한 회계모형과 회계정책을 허용하고 있어 보험회사간 재무정보의 비교가능성이 저하될 수 있는 점이 확인되었다. 다음으로 보험상품 시뮬레이션 분석결과, 감독당국이 제시하는 할인율이 시장이자율과 일관되지 않고 국제적 기준과의 차이로 인해 보험계약마진의 과대평가 문제가 발생할 수 있으며, 현행 고객관점의 보험계약마진 상각기준에 의하면 보험기간 초기에 이익인식이 집중되고 있어 수익인식의 적정성에 대한 의문이 제기될 수 있다. 이로 인해 IFRS17 회계정보의 유용성이 저하될 수 있음을 보여준다. 이의 보완을 위해 할인율의 경우 시장이자율과 대응될 수 있는 방안을 도입하고, 보험계약마진 상각기준의 경우 회사관점의 보험서비스 제공수준(투입법)도 인정하는 방안이 검토될 필요가 있다. The study analyses the financial impact between domestic and global insurance companies after the implementation of IFRS17 in 2023 and then reviews two major issues related to the contractual service margin to empirically confirm whether the usefulness of IFRS17 accounting information is improved. After the implementation of IFRS17, it was expected that the usefulness of IFRS17 financial information would be upgraded by improving comparability among insurance companies through market-to-market valuation of insurance liabilities and revenue recognition based on accrual basis of accounting, however, the study shows that the usefulness of IFRS17 financial information can be degraded. Next, as the results of insurance product simulations analysis, the discounting rate provided by financial supervisory authority is not consistent with the market interest and is different from international standards such as SolvencyⅡ, which can cause an overestimation of contractual service margin, and the output methods, current allocation standard of contractual service margin from the customer’s point of view, are apt to recognize profits at the beginning of the insurance period, which may give rise to issues about the adequacy of revenue recognition. The study proposes that the discounting rate for evaluating insurance liabilities provided by financial supervisory authority should be amended to match market interest rate, and input methods that measures the progress for providing insurance service from the company’s point of view should be permitted through the revision of IFRS17.