EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL RESULTS ON THE 2D PROPAGATION OF DAM-BREAK FLOWS OVER DRY BED

LEAL JOAO,FERREIRA RUI,CARDOSO ANTONIO 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

Sex Pheromones of Plant-Feeding Scarab Beetles

Leal, Walter-Soares Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1995 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.34 No.1

From a chemist's perspective, Scarabaeidae is one of the most exciting group of insects to work on the isolation, identification, and synthesis of sex pheromones because-as opposed to Lepidoptera, which by and large utilizes straight chain alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates-the pheromonal chemistry of scarab beetles is remarkably diverse. While species in the subfamily Rutelinae utilize pheromone constituents, which are presumably fatty acid derivatives, the more primitive species in the subfamily Melolonthinae use phenolic, amino acid derivative, and terpenoid compounds. Here, I discuss the recent advances we have accomplished in the identification of scarab sex pheromones with especial emphasis on their chemical diversity. Also, I discuss the potential role of these sex pheromones in insect pest management. Field tests revealed that, in contrast to what has been frequently observed in the Lepidoptera, the higher the dosage of sex pheromone loaded in the traps the greater the capture of scarab beetles. These data suggest that mass trapping is more likely to be useful for scarab pest management than mating distruption.

Nanoemulsions with Chloroaluminium Phthalocyanine and Paromomycin for Combined Photodynamic and Antibiotic Therapy for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Leal Pinto Sandra Milena,Muehlmann Luis Alexandre,Ojeda Lucía Liliana Mantilla,Vera Arias Angélica María,Cordero Martha Viviana Roa,Santos María de Fátima Menezes Almeida,Azevedo Ricardo Bentes,Rivero 대한감염학회 2021 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.53 No.2

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) and paromomycin sulfate (PM) can be effective against New World Leishmania species involved in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The aim of this study is to assay the skin permeation and the antileishmanial effects of a nanoemulsion (NE) containing both ClAlPc and PM in experimental CL by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Material and Methods: Cremophor ELP/castor oil-based NEs were prepared by a low-energy method and characterized for their physicochemical parameters. The NEs were used to deliver both ClAlPc and PM to leishmania cells. The in vitro toxicity of NEs were tested in vitro against L. (V.) braziliensis and THP-1 cells. The in vivo toxicity was assessed in non-infected BALB/c mice. Ex-vivo permeation and retention studies using healthy mice skin were also conducted. Finally, the in vivo activity of NE-PM+ClAlPc after PDT was tested in BALB/c mice infected with parasites. Results: NEs are colloidally stable with average droplet diameter of 30 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) below 0.2, and zeta potential near zero. Both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes treated with NE-PM, NE-ClAlPc and NE-PM+ClAlPc were inhibited at >50%, >95%, >88%, respectively, after PDT with a phototoxic index (PI) >1.2. No skin ClAlPc permeation was observed. In contrast, PM skin permeation was 80-fold higher using PMloaded NE formulation in comparison to aqueous PM solution. Topical treatment with NE formulations showed no signs of local toxicity or genotoxicity. In addition, concentrations of PM between 27.3 - 292.5 μM/25 mg of tissue were detected in different organs. In vivo, the NE-PM+ClAlPc treatment did not reduce skin lesions. Conclusion: The Cremophor ELP/castor oil NE formulation increases the permeation of PM through the skin and can be used to co-deliver PM plus ClAlPc for combined PDT protocols. However, the lack of efficacy in the in vivo model evidences that the therapeutical scheme has to be improved.

Nanogyroids Incorporating Multivalent Lipids: Enhanced Membrane Charge Density and Pore Forming Ability for Gene Silencing

Leal, Cecí,lia,Ewert, Kai K.,Shirazi, Rahau S.,Bouxsein, Nathan F.,Safinya, Cyrus R. American Chemical Society 2011 Langmuir Vol.27 No.12

<P>The self-assembly of a custom-synthesized pentavalent cationic lipid (MVL5) and glycerol monooleate (GMO) with small interfering RNA (siRNA) results in the formation of a double-gyroid bicontinuous inverted cubic phase with colocalized lipid/siRNA domains as shown by synchrotron X-ray scattering and fluorescence microscopy. The high charge density (due to MVL5) and positive Gaussian modulus of the GMO-containing membranes confer optimal electrostatic and elastic properties for endosomal escape, enabling efficient siRNA delivery and effective, specific gene silencing.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/langd5/2011/langd5.2011.27.issue-12/la200679x/production/images/medium/la-2011-00679x_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/la200679x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Non-Newtonian fluid mechanics for polymeric liquids: A status report

Leal, L.Gary,Oberhauser, James P. The Korean Society of Rheology 2000 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.12 No.1

In this paper, we review recent progress in the development of constitutive models for both dilute and entangled polymeric liquids. The status of recent applications of these models for fluid dynamics predictions is then discussed, as well as possible future research directions.

Application of GC-EAD to the Determination of Mosquito Repellents Derived from a Plant, Cymbopogon citratus

Leal, Walter-Soares,Keikichi Uchida Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1998 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.1 No.2

The electrophysiological signal elicited by a synthetic mosquito repellent, N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide(DEET), on the antennae of Culex pipiens pallens suggested that a gas chromatography coupled with an electroantennographic detector (GC-EAD) could be applied for the screening of naturally occurring mosquito repellents. Using this approach we have identified geranial and neral as the active components of lemengrass. Cymbopogon citratus, a plant with known repellent activity. In a glass membrane feeder bioassay these EAD-active terpene compounds at 0.1mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ dosage had repellent effect against C. p. pallens, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus. On the other hand, DEET (at lower dosages) showed repellence comparable to that of geranial. In addition, the synthetic repellent had a longer residual effect than the natural compounds. Only at a higher dosage (0.2mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) did the activity of geranial persisted for 3h after the application.

Wool Fabric Dyeing with Natural Dye Extracted from Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Fruit

Fabricio Leal Ferreira,Élvio Antônio de Campos,Washington Luiz Félix Santos,Márcia Gomes da Silva 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.12

Given today’s market requirements and the growing awareness of producers and consumers about problems caused by synthetic dyes, natural dyes are a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for textile dyeing since they are highly biodegradable and pose a low risk to the environment and human health. Cinnamomum verum J. Presl is an evergreen tree whose fruit contains anthocyanin derivatives that can be used as a fabric dye. In this study, wool dyeing using natural dye extracted from the fruit of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl was evaluated to determine optimum dyeing conditions, such as temperature, pH level, and dyeing time and dyed samples through color intensity and the potassium alum mordant influence in the fastness to washing of dyed fabric, based on a colorimetric analysis performed in a spectrophotometer using the CIELab system. The conditions that resulted in the highest color intensity were pH 4, 100 °C, and a dyeing time of 60 min and were used to study the dyeing kinetics and balance of the dyeing process based on adsorption isotherms. It was found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation best represents the kinetics of wool dyeing and that it involves the chemical adsorption process. The Langmuir–Freundlich adsorption isotherm best fitted the experimental data, indicating that chemical adsorption significantly contributes to a monolayer. The results showed that the extract of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl fruit is a promising natural dye source for wool.

Fungicide Activity of Thymus mastichina and Mentha rotundifolia in Plants In Vitro

Fernanda Leal,Ana Cla´udia Coelho,Tatiana Soriano,Carina Alves,Manuela Matos 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.4

Improvement of the quality of life in Cuba through rural development from the lesson of Saemaul Undong

Leyva Leal, Lisandra,Choi, Oe-chool(최외출),Lee, Jeong Ju(이정주) 충북대학교 국제개발연구소 2020 사회적경제와 정책연구 Vol.10 No.1

1970년대 한국에서 시작한 새마을운동은 한 세대 내에서 국가를 빠른 시간 내에 발전시킨 중요한 요인 중의 하나이다. 쿠바의 농촌개발은 국민들의 삶의 질을 개선하고, 농촌지역에서 중요한 변혁을 도모하고자 한다. 이 연구는 새마을운동과 비교・분석을 통해서 쿠바의 농촌개발을 향상시키는데 그 목적이 있으며, 정부의 역할, 자원의 활용성, 그리고 지역사회 참여를 비교분석을 위한 기준으로 설정하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정부의 역할은 지역사회에서 정부의 지원을 필요로 있고, 자원공급과 가이드를 필요로 하는 주요 문제들을 다루어야 하며, 동시에 마을 주민들에게 실행될 프로젝트를 스스로 결정할 수 있는 권한을 주어야 한다. 둘째, 정부의 지원과 민간부문의 기부를 통한 민관협력이 농촌지역의 발전을 촉진하기 위한 자원 공급에 중요한 열쇠가 될 수 있다. 셋째, 지역사회의 프로젝트가 실제로 집행되기 위해서는 주민의 참여를 촉진하는 인센티브 제도가 필수적이다. Saemaul Undong of Korea during the 1970s was considered one of the main leaders behind the rapid development of the country. Rural development in Cuba aims to improve the quality of life of its citizens and to contribute towards a significant transformation in rural areas. This research aims to improve the Rural Development of Cuba by analyzing and comparing its development with Saemaul Undong. This research was conducted by criteria through a qualitative research methodology for comparative analysis that included the role of government, the availability of resources, and community participation. The research findings show that government"s role should first address major issues that need support, resources, or guidance in the community, while at the same time empowering citizens to determine the projects in their own communities that are to be implemented. Second, a combination of support from the government and private donations could be the key to supply the resources required to improve the development of rural areas. Finally, an incentive system that encourages greater participation for citizens is essential to the realization of projects in rural communities.

Evaluation of the Chromium Resonance Parameters Including Resonance Parameter Covariance

L. Leal,H. Derrien,K. Guber,G. Arbanas,D. Wiarda 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23

The intent of this work is to report the results and describe the procedures utilized to evaluate the chromium isotopes' cross sections, i.e., ^(50)Cr, ^(52)Cr, ^(53)Cr, and ^(54)Cr, for criticality safety applications. The evaluations were done in the resolved resonance region using the reduced Reich-Moore R-matrix formalism. The novel aspect of this evaluation is the inclusion of new transmission and capture cross-section measurements performed at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) for energies below 100 keV and the extension of the ^(53)Cr energy region. The resonance analysis was performed with the multilevel R-matrix code, SAMMY, which utilizes the generalized least-squares technique based on the Bayes' theory. Complete sets of resonance parameters and resonance parameter covariance matrices (RPCMs) were obtained for each of the chromium isotopes from the SAMMY analysis of the experimental database.