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Treatment of surface water using cold plasma for domestic water supply
Dung Van Nguyen,Phong Quoc Ho,Toan Van Pham,Tuyen Van Nguyen,Lavane Kim 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.3
This paper presents the results of using cold plasma to treat surface water for domestic use purpose. Experimental results showed that cold plasma was an effective method for destroying bacteria in water. After treatment with cold plasma, concentration of coliform and Escherichia coli dramatically reduced. Besides, cold plasma significantly removed water odor, increased dissolved oxygen and decreased the concentration of chemical oxygen demand. However, cold plasma significantly raised the concentration of nitrite and nitrate. Other disadvantages of treating with cold plasma were conductivity increase and pH reduction. Pretreatment steps of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration followed by disinfection with cold plasma exhibited a high efficiency in surface water treatment. All parameters of surface water after treatment by using the prototype satisfied with the allowance standard of domestic water quality.
Talantsev, A,Lu, Y,Fache, T,Lavanant, M,Hamadeh, A,Aristov, A,Koplak, O,Morgunov, R,Mangin, S IOP 2018 Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter Vol.30 No.13
<P>Two synthetic antiferromagnet bilayer systems with strong perpendicular anisotropy CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB and Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt have been grown using sputtering techniques. For both systems two types of magnetization transitions have been studied. The first one concerns transitions from a state where magnetizations of the two magnetic layers are parallel (<I>P</I> state) to a state where magnetizations of the two layers are aligned antiparallel (<I>AP</I> state). The second one concerns transitions between the two possible antiparallel alignments (<I>AP</I>+ to <I>AP</I>−). For both systems and both transitions after-effect measurements can be understood in the frame of nucleation—propagation model. Time derivative analysis of magnetic relaxation curves and mapping of the first order reversal curves at different temperature allowed us to demonstrate the presence of different pinning centers, which number can be controlled by magnetic field and temperature.</P>