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Lai, Ching-chong,Chang, Wen-ya 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1989 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.4 No.2
Based on the Frenkel and Rodriguez(1982) model, this paper utilizes the regressive and the intraequilibrium expectation structure respectively to discuss how the economy will respond in the presence of permanent monetary policy, and compares the difference of the dynamic process generated under different expectation formulations. It is shown that, as the public make an overestimation in future long-run financial exchange rate, two kinds of expectations can produce sharply different adjustment paths of the financial exchange rate if capital mobility is relatively immobile. However, both expectations will contribute the same adjustment behavior if capital mobility is highly mobile.
Relative Stabilization under Flexible and Dual Exchange Rate Regimes with Rational Expectations
Lai, Ching-chong,Chang, Wen-ya 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1987 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.2 No.2
Based on a rational expectations model, this paper analyzes the relation between wage indexation and the relative performance of macroshocks under the flexible regime versus dual regime with neutral intervention policy. The emphasis is on how the degree and type of wage indexation and the distinction between temporary and permanent disturbances affect the relative output variation under alternative exchange rates.
Efforts of Changes in Monetary Policy under Managed Dual Exchange Rates
Lai, Ching-Chong,Chang, Wen-Ya,Chu, Yun-Peng 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1988 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.3 No.2
This paper analyzes how the commercial and financial exchange rates adjust over time under the regime of managed dual rates, following an unanticipated increase in the money supply. It is shown that if the official intervention is light, the commercial rates will first rise, then fall either directly or cyclically to its long-run equilibrium. The financial rates will first overshoot, then deviate further from its long-run equilibrium before it finally returns to the equilibrium either directly or cyclically. These two patterns of adjustment are very different from those under the "pure" dual exchange rates.
Articles : Effects of Changes in Monetary Policy under Managed Dual Exchange Rates
( Ching Chong Lai ),( Wen Ya Chang ),( Yun Peng Chu ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1988 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.3 No.2
This paper analyzes how the commercial and financial exchange rates adjust over time under the regime of managed dual rates, following an unanticipated increase in the money supply. It is shown that if the official intervention is light, the commercial rates will first rise, then fall either directly or cyclically to its long-run equilibrium. The financial rates will first overshoot, then deviate further from its long-run equilibrium before it finally returns to the equilibrium either directly or cyclically. These two patterns of adjustment are very different from those under the "pure" dual exchange rates.
( Ching Chong Lai ),( Wen Ya Chang ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1989 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.4 No.2
Based on the Frenkel and Rodriguez(1982) model, this paper utilizes the regressive and the intraequilibrium expectation structure respectively to discuss how the economy will respond in the presence of permanent monetary policy, and compares the difference of the dynamic process generated under different expectation formulations. It is shown that, as the public make an overestimation in future long-run financial exchange rate, two kinds of expectations can produce sharply different adjustment paths of the financial exchange rate if capital mobility is relatively immobile. However, both expectations will contribute the same adjustment behavior if capital mobility is highly mobile.
Tracing Links between UX Frameworks and Design Practices: Dual Carriageway
Effie Lai-Chong Law,Marc Hassenzahl,Evangelos Karapanos,Marianna Obrist,Virpi Roto 한국HCI학회 2014 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.12
How does theory inform practice in User Experience research, and vice versa? We focus on two popular UX frameworks ? i.e., Hassenzahl’s hedonic-pragmatic model and McCarthy & Wright’s sense-making experience ? and inquire into their influence on design practice through the study of “Strong Concepts” (SC), one form of intermediate-level knowledge in interaction design. However, due to the problem of ‘fading traceability’, which arguably reflects the quintessential nature of theory-assimilated design, the number of SC candidates identified is limited. Based on the reviews of some research-through-design experts on those candidates, Randomness is deemed as a promising SC; some design cases appropriating Randomness are presented. There are reservations that the notion of SC is viable for resolving the tenacious issues between theory and design, given critical issues such as process malleability.
Profiles of Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Gastric Carcinomas in Brunei Darussalam
Yen, Rachel Lai Siaw,Telisinghe, Pemasari Upali,Cunningham, Anne,Abdullah, Muhd Syafiq,Chong, Chee Fui,Chong, Vui Heng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.23
Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common gastrointestinal cancer and is largely attributed to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. In addition, studies have also shown association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 10% of gastric cancers. This study assessed the characteristics of EBV associated gastric cancers (EBVaGC) in Brunei Darussalam. Materials and Methods: This study included gastric cancers diagnosed between 2008 and 2012, registered with the Department of Pathology RIPAS Hospital, Brunei Darussalam. Clinical case notes were systematically reviewed. Histology specimens were all stained for EBV and also assessed for intestinal metaplasia and H. pylori. Results: There were a total of 81 patients (54 male and 27 females) with a mean age of $65.8{\pm}14.8years$ included in the study. Intestinal metaplasia and active H. pylori infection were detected in 40.7% and 30.9% respectively. A majority of the tumors were proximally located (55.6%), most poorly differentiated (well differentiated 16%, moderately differentiated 30.9% and poorly differentiated 53.1%) and the stages at diagnosis were; stage I (44.4%), stage II (23.5%), stage III (8.6%) and stage IV (23.5%). EBV positivity (EBVaGC) was seen in 30.9%. Between EBVaGC and EBV negative gastric cancers, there were no significant differences (age, gender, ethnic group, presence of Intestinal metaplasia, tumor locations, stages of disease and degree of tumor differentiation). Conclusions: This study showed that a third of gastric cancers in Brunei Darussalam were positive for EBV, higher than what have been reported in the literature. However, there were no significant differences between EBVaGC and EBV negative gastric cancers. This suggests that the role of EBV in gastric cancer may be mostly incidental rather than any causal relation. However, further studies are required.
Priming 처리에 의한 토마토 종자의 발아력과 Membrane integrity 에 미치는 영향
안종길,조동,강점순,손병구,최영환,조정래 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1997 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.1 No.1
Priming은 신속하고 균일한 발아 유도 및 초기 생육 촉진으로 육묘에 투입되는 노력과 비용을 절감할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 토마토 종자의 priming 및 발아과정 중 세포막의 기능이 종자활력에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 일련의 실험을 수행하였다. 토마토 종자의 적정 priming 처리제는 150mM의 KNO₃였고 priming은 발아소요일수를 단축시켰으며, 그 효과는 저온에서 더욱 현저하였다. KNO₃로 priming은 처리과정중 처리 용액에서 해리되어 있던 K+ 이온이 종자내로 이동하였다. Priming 처리기간중 전기전도도는 발아속도 단축에 가장 효과적이었던 KNO₃에서 처리개시 직후 약간 낮았다가 그후 최종일까지 일정한 수준을 유지하였다. 발아기간중 용액의 전지전도도는 KNO₃priming 종자는 낮았으나 K₃PO₄priming 종자는 높았다. 발아촉진에 가장 효과적이었던 150mM KNO₃은 priming 기간처리중 단백질, 아미노산, 당의 유출량은 K₃PO₄ 및 浸漬종자에 비해 낮았으며, 그 효과는 발아시에도 유지되었다 Seed priming is a useful technique for early establishment of uniform seedlings. Priming is suited to overcome or lessen the impact of a number of soil and climatic constraints, including cold and wet conditions, drought, and incidence of diseases. The objective of this study was to find membrane integrity change during priming and germination of tomato seeds. Among the five different chemicals, KNO₃at 150mM gave the shortest T50 (days to 50% of the final germination percentage). Compared to unprimed seeds, those seeds primed with 150mM KNO₃at 20℃ for 4 days reduced T50 values when germinated at 15℃ and 20℃. It was concluded that seed priming was an effective way for rapid and synchronized germination especially at low temperature. Changes in conductivity of priming solutions during the 4-day period of priming were highly dependent upon the priming agents. Conductivity of the KNO₃and K₃PO₄solution slowly declined during the first 3 hours, and then increased. Amount of amino acids, sugars and proteins exuded from seeds into KNO₃solution was less than that into distilled water and K₃PO₄. This result suggested that the KNO₃priming played a positive role in regulating the permeability of cell membranes.