초등 사회과 현장학습 실태분석

황홍섭,이상례 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2001 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze a actual state of field-learning in elementary socal studies. Research was performed with teachers and students of the 4th grade who were divided by ward office. The recovery rate for teachers was 82% (41 of 50 teachers returned the questionnaire). The recovery rate for the students was 70.4% (317 of 450 students returned the questionnaire). The result of the analysis of the actual conditions of field-learning is the following : 1) Most of the teachers(92.7%) and students(83.9%) are aware that they need field-learning, but actual school conditions make them difficult owing to the lack of principals' and parents' awareness, lack of programs, problems of transportation, costs, and lack of cooperation among teachers. 2) Field-learning is usually performed by grade(75.6%), but teachers should have discretionary authority to carry out the field-learning by class, thus ensuring field-learning diversity, promptness, and seriousness. 3) Through this study, it was discovered that teachers are not aware of the importance of preliminary studies, and prepare only simple materials and a simple teaching plan before the field-learning. In addition, they avoid field-learnings because of the difficulties of preparing effective teaching materials. When they make teaching materials for the trip, they usually do it with students and use internet(39%) a little more than the text or guidance book(34.1%). 4) Teachers select the region for field-learning according to the curriculum(90.2%). Thus, we know that most teachers follow the curriculum closely. 5) According to this analysis of the actual conditions of regional field-learning, there is little difference in the needs of field-learning, the reason, frequency, or the methods. There is, however, some differences in preliminary studies, the method of study after the field-learning, and the experiences during the field-learning. It is reported students living in Eastern Busan city, experience more direct field-learning and make use of the Internet more than students of other wards. 6) The number of students that haven't experienced a variety of field-learnings is high, and they are in need of an organised program for field-learning. The field-learning that they experience is the following: cyber field-learning(25.6%), indirect field-learning(15.1%), role play(7.6%). It is suggested that direct field-learning is the best way of studying Busan and using the Internet is second. In conclusion, we should improve educational conditions for liberal field-learning. Teachers should be able to use discretionary time and special activity time freely, according to the 7th curriculum. But there should be approval from the principal before field-learning is conducted by class. Most importantly, teachers must have concern and desire for the field-learning. the main problem for teachers with regard to field-learning is the lack of programs for it. We need to develop organised programs.

유니버셜모터의 저차 고조파전류 저감을 위한 속도제어기에 관한 연구

임홍우,박수강,백형래 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2000 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.22 No.1

Universal motors are commonly used for portable tools and other application. The universal motors can be implied AC or DC voltage source. Phase-angle control AC drive systems gain a high popularity due to their simple implementation despite the disadvantage of their poor input power factor especially for large values of phase delay angle. Futhermore it contains a large amount of subharmonic current. But pulse width modulation controlled DC drive systems reduce these problems. This paper compared the harmonic characteristics of phase angle control AC system that is controlled by TCA785 with zero voltage crossing similar to traditional system and DC chopper system that is used in PWM controller.

견갑부 유리피판술 : ITS ANATOMY & CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 해부학적 구조 및 임상적 고찰

김홍래,백세민,이혜영 大韓成形外科學會 1983 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.10 No.2

Since the first successful microvascular free flap was performed by Daniel & Taylor in 1973, it has been popularized in the plastic and reconstructive surgery. The free skin flap has proved its great versatility as compared with conventional pedicle flap methods. It can be applied to extensive skin defects and one-stage pedicle flap procedure, and hospital stay is shorter. Early ambulation and rehabilitaion are possible. In 1980, Frenklin reported on the use of deltoid free flap, which was based on posterior circumflex humeral vessel. The flap has relatively thin subcutaneous tissue, but has thicker dermal layer, so provides stability to the sole and heel of foot. Anatomically the plane of dissection is easily identified. The donor scar is minimal, and functionally and cosmetically acceptable. Authors have good result using deltoid free flap for reconstruction of shallow tissue defects.

電氣定着法에 의한 우라늄의 回收效果

李秉基,洪鍾叔,鄭來益 대한방사선 방어학회 1983 방사선방어학회지 Vol.8 No.2

알파 放出核種인 우라늄을 混合 Oxalate-Chloride 溶液으로부터 低廉한 價格의 stainless steel 陰極板에 電氣定着시켰다. 電氣定着 最適條件은 定着時間, 初期電流, 電極間의 거리, 電解液의 pH, 陰極의 定着面積 및 電解液中의 우라늄 試料濃度에 따라 決定되었다. 標準우라늄 純粹溶液(NBS 960窒酸化物)을 사용하여 3回 反復된 實驗으로 定着時間 60分만에 90% 信賴度에서 計測器의 誤差가 4%일 때 平均 99% 以上의 回收率을 얻었다. Uranium radionuclides are electrodeposited on inexpensive stainless steel cathode from a mixed oxalate-chloride electrolyte. The factors affecting the optimum condition for the deposition are determined by studying the effects of deposition time, initial current, electrode spacing, pH of electrolyte and uranium concentration in the electrolyte at fixed cathode area. The experiment which was repeated 3 times at each uranium concentration with 60 minutes of deposition time, gave an error of less than 4% standard deviation at the 90% confidence level with average yield greater than 99%.

顔面骨 骨折의 臨床的 考察

이문희,김홍래,이두형 慶熙大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The auther studied 194 cases of facial bone fracture in 108 patients who were admitted and treated at Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Kyung Hee University Hospital from January, 1974 to June, 1981. The results are as follows: 1. It was affected more often in males than females, 5.7 to 1, in the group of the third and forth decades and in the seasons of summer and autumn. 2. The major causes of fracture were as follows in order of frequency; in male, 48 patients (44.4%) by automobile accidents, 27(25.0%) by fights and 14(1.9%) by industrial accidents; in female. 8(7.4%) by automobile accidents, 6(5.6%) by falls and 2(1.9%) by fight. 3. The major site of the fracture were as follows in order of frequency; 46 cases (23.7%) of nasal bone, 39(20.1%) of zygoma and zygomatic arch and 37(19.1%) of maxilla. 4. Multiple fractures of facial bone occured more frequently than single bone reduction and the most common site of fracture in single bone was nasal bone. 5. Most patients treated with 1-2 weeks after fracture and most required open fracture(61.1%) than closed reduction (24.1%) with exception for nasal bone. 6. Complication rate of its sites was high in the blow-out(79.2%) and alveolus fracture (100%).

자발성 심막기종 1례

안지영,이상래,안성훈,류석용,김홍용 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Pneumopericardium, as a form of barotrauma, refers to the presence of air within the pericardial sac. The causes of pneumopericardium are various, Clinically, pneumopericardium is typically present with dyspnea and precordial chest pain. On physical examination, heart sounds are usually distant, and precordial tympany may be elicited. The diagnosis can be made by clinical and radiographic findings. Management of pneumopericardium depends on many factors, such as the age of the patient, the suspected causes, and the extent of clinically observed respiratory compromise. The case shown here, a patient who developed pneumopericardium, involved an associated underlying pulmonary parenchymal process as the cause of pneumopericardium.

벡터드라이버를 이용한 편측형 선형유도전동기 구동특성에 관한 연구

장용해,임홍우,신사현,조금배,백형래 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2001 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.23 No.2

The input voltage of Single-sided linear induction motors (SLIMs) is involved with the time harmonics because most LIM is driven by inverter. Therefore the equivalent circuit for an inverter-fed SLIM has t o be modifided to represent every harmonic present in supply voltage. This paper describes that the dynamic characteristic can be used effectively for analyzing the characteristics of a single-sided linear induction motor using vector driver for PI controller.

생리식염수 및 포도당수액 정액 투여가 에탄올 농도에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구

김원율,이상래,안지영,안성훈,류석용,김경환,김홍용 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background: In emergency department, there are many drunken patients with various emergency medical situations. In these patients, evaluation and management of the medical problems are delayed from time to time because of the uncooperative nature of the patients and because of consciousness and sensory changes. A precise evaluation can only be obtained when the patients become sober. For this purpose, most clinicians start IV fluid loading. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of IV fluid(normal saline and glucose solution) on the rate of ethanol clearance in such patients Methods: Ten volunteers(healthy males in their twenties and with a Michigan alcohol screening test below 4) were enrolled in this study. Alcohol intake was restricted to at least 48 hours before the test and food intake to at least 4 hours. For the test, A predetermined dose of ethanol(1 gm/kg) was given to the volunteers. Each volunteer was tested on three consecutive times with 3 or more days interval for alcohol wash out period . On the lst day, the volunteers received ethanol only per os. On the second day, they received ethanol and a liter of IV 10% dextrose solution. Each day, blood was drawn from the antecubital vein to measure the ethanol level at the time of ethanol ingestion and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after ingestion. The repeated measure ANOVA test was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The difference in the blood ethanol level between the 3 test was F=1.7, p=0.184 and the difference corrected by the time factor was F=0.32, and p=0.985. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the blood ethanol level between the tests. In conclusion, the IV normal saline or glucose solution does not accelerate ethanol clearance in suffering

둔부 통증을 주소로 내원한 괴사성 근막염 1례

안승찬,류석용,이상래,조석진,오성찬,김홍용 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare, life-threatening infection resulting in necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and fascia. A very severe and usually fatal fasciitis is caused by a virulent species of streptococcus that is often referred to as the "flesh-eating bacteria". Mortality rates have been noted high. Certain conditions can predispose patients to NF, such as diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive medications, and AIDS. Patients usually complain of excessive pain as well as constitutional symptoms. Because of this rapid progression, it is important to diagnose and treat NF quickly to decrease mortality. Treatment includes broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage, nutritional supplements, hemodynamic support, wound care, and prompt surgical debridement. We report a case of a 51-year-old man who had presented with right hip pain. Previously, he had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

LC 공진형 PWM 인버터를 이용한 X선 발생장치의 특성에 관한 연구

이성길,박수강,임홍우,조금배,백형래,임양수 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2002 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.24 No.1

The conventional types of X-ray generators were bulky in physical size and heavy in weight, and the control accuracies of the output voltages were not always satisfactory. The high frequency switching inverter and converter technology on power conversion and control systems have been greatly closed up introducing power semiconductor devices. In this paper, the newly developed converter to take the balance of the output voltage versus the ground are also presented in detail to decreasing the volume and the weight of high voltage transformer and to stabilize ripple. This converter consists of the two independent L-C series resonant circuits using the two capacitances and the two primary windings of high voltage transformer.