Effect of Carbohydrate Sources in Phase I and Phase II Pig Starter Diets

Kim, I.B.,Allee, G.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.10

Previous research in our laboratory has demonstrated the importance of lactose in phase I and II pig starter diets. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a carbohydrate by-product (food by-products) as a replacement for lactose. In Exp. I, 120 weaned pigs ($14{\pm}2d$ and 5.65kg) were allotted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to 10 replications with four pigs per pen. This experiment evaluated three carbohydrate sources (lactose, carbohydrate by-product, and 50-50 blend of the carbohydrate by-product and lactose). The carbohydrate sources were added at 26% in the phase I diets and 15% in the phase II diets. Phase I diets contained 7.5% spray dried plasma protein (SDP). The phase I diets were fed from d 0 to 14 and the phase II diets from d 15 to 28. There were no significant differences between carbohydrate sources on pig performance in phase I. However, during phase II pigs fed the diet with lactose had an improved gain/feed ratio (G/F) (p=0.06) compared to pigs fed the carbohydrate by-product. For the entire 28 d trial ADG, ADFI and G/F were similar for the 50-50 blend and those fed lactose. Total replacement of lactose with the carbohydrate byproduct resulted in a reduced G/F (p=0.09). Exp. 2 used 100 weaned pigs ($17{\pm}2d$ and 4.75kg) with five replications with five pigs per pen. This experiment evaluated four carbohydrate treatments (lactose, carbohydrate by-products, 50-50 blend, and corn). All phase I diets contained 3.5% SDP with the carbohydrate sources included at 15%, and were fed d 0 to 14. The phase II diets contained 7.5% of the carbohydrate sources and were fed d 15 to 27. A common phase III diet was fed d 28 to 42. During all phases pigs fed com tended to have a lower ADG than pigs fed the other carbohydrate sources with the 50-50 blend resulting in the highest ADG. The results of both experiments suggest that this carbohydrate by-product can replace at least 50% of the lactose in phase I and phase II pig starter diets.

The Effect of Spray Dried Plasma, Lactose and Soybean Protein Sources on the Performance of Weaned Pigs

Liu, H.,Kim, I.B.,Touchette, K.J.,Newcomb, M.D.,Allee, G.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.9

A total of 371 weaned pigs were used in three experiments to evaluate the effects of spray dried plasma (SDP), soybean protein sources, and lactose on growth performance. In Exp. 1, 128 pigs (5.99 kg, $18{\pm}2d$) were used to evaluate the effect of SDP (0 vs 7%), lactose (0 vs 30%), and two soybean protein sources [soybean meal (SBM) and extruded soybean protein concentrate (ESPC)] in phase I (d 0 to 14) diets on pig performance in a $2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Spray-dried plasma increased phase I ADG (p<0.01) and ADFI (p<0.05) in the SBM diets, but not in the ESPC diets. Lactose improved ADG and gain/feed ratio (G/F) in phase I (p<0.01). In Exp. 2, 144 pigs (5.50 kg, $17{\pm}3d$) were used to evaluate the effect of SDP (0 vs. 3.5%) and three soybean protein sources [SBM, ESPC, and soybean protein concentrate (SPC)] in phase I diets, and the effects of two different phase II (d 14 to 28) diets (simple vs complex) in a $2{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments. In phase I, SDP increased ADG (p<0.01) and improved G/F (p<0.05). Pigs fed SBM had the highest ADG and ADFI, with a G/F similar to the pigs fed ESPC. In phase II, pigs fed the complex diet had improved ADG (p<0.01), ADFI (p<0.05), and G/F (p<0.05) compared to the simple diet. In Exp. 3, 99 weaned pigs (5.77 kg, $17{\pm}3$d) were used to evaluate the effect of SBM, ESPC, and ESPC with SDP in the phase I diets. Pigs fed SBM with no blood product in the diet had the lowest ADG (p<0.01), ADFI (p<0.01), and G/F (p<0.05) in the first week of phase I. There were no differences in soybean protein sources fed in phase I diets on overall pig performance. These experiments are indicated that SDP and lactose improve the phase I performance. Soybean meal can be used as the major protein source in phase I diets with SDP.

Effect of dietary lactulose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, relative organ weight, and excreta microflora in broilers

Zhao, P.Y.,Li, H.L.,Mohammadi, M.,Kim, I.H. Elsevier 2016 Poultry science Vol.95 No.1

<P>A 35 d trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lactulose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, relative organ weight, and excreta microflora in broilers. A total of 816 1-day-old male Ross broilers (40.2 +/- 0.4 g) were allotted to 4 dietary treatments using 12 cages with 17 chicks per cage. Treatments were: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) L05, CON + 0.05% lactulose; 3) L10, CON + 0.10% lactulose; and 4) L15, CON + 0.15% lactulose. Higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in broilers fed the L15 diet compared with those fed the CON diet during d 22 to 35. During d 0 to 35, BWG was higher (P < 0.05) and FCR was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers fed lactulose diets than those fed the CON diet. Additionally, broilers fed L15 diets had the highest BWG (P < 0.05) and lowest FCR (P < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and nitrogen (N) was increased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed the L15 diet compared with those fed the CON diet. Drip loss was decreased (P < 0.05) in L10 and L15 treatments compared with CON treatment on d 1, d 3, and d 5. On d 3, lowest (P < 0.05) drip loss was observed in the L15 treatment. Excreta E. coli counts in the L15 treatment were decreased (P < 0.05) on d 14, but Lactobacillus counts in the L15 treatment were increased (P < 0.05) on d 14 and d 35 compared with the CON diet. A linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed on BWG (d 22 to 35), FCR (d 0 to 35), the ATTD of DM and N, drip loss, E. coli (d 14), and Lactobacillus (d 14 and d 35) counts. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 0.15% lactulose can improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility; as well as increase the proliferation of Lactobacillus and decrease E. coli counts in excreta.</P>

국내 분리 일본뇌염 바이러스 유전자에 대한 항체생성 연구(Ⅰ) : cloning of JEV viral genes

박찬,최우영,이호동,채수림,신은진,김인범,표재환,박근용,조해월 국립보건연구원 1999 국립보건원보 Vol.36 No.-

Crystal structure and second harmonic generation in Bi₂TeO₅: An X-N study from synchrotron and neutron diffraction data

Ló,pez, C.A.,Bâ,ati, E.,Ferná,ndez-Dí,az, M.T.,Saouma, F.O.,Jang, J.I.,Alonso, J.A. Academic Press 2019 Journal of solid state chemistry Vol.276 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bi<SUB>2</SUB>TeO<SUB>5</SUB> has been obtained in polycrystalline form via solid state reaction and structurally characterized from both synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction data, enabling the precise determination of the atomic positions. The crystal structure is defined in the acentric <I>Amb</I>2 space group, containing three crystallographically unequivalent Bi atoms. The position of the stereochemically active electron lone pairs of both Bi<SUP>3+</SUP> and Te<SUP>4+</SUP> ions is inferred to be opposite to the strongly covalent BiO and TeO chemical bonds; the global electron polarization arises from the non-compensated Bi<SUP>3+</SUP> lone electron pairs. Additionally, from difference Fourier maps between synchrotron and neutron diffraction data (X-N technique) it was possible to observe experimental evidence of the lone electron pair for Bi<SUP>3+</SUP>. Nonlinear optical measurements display highly active second harmonic generation response, comparable to that of reference AgGaSe<SUB>2</SUB>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The crystal structure is defined in the non-centrosymmetric <I>Amb</I>2 space group. </LI> <LI> Fourier maps between synchrotron and neutron diffraction data (X-N technique). </LI> <LI> Experimental evidence of Bi<SUP>3+</SUP>lone electron pair from X-N study. </LI> <LI> Nonlinear optical measurements display highly active SHG response. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The inheritance of the red colour character in European pear (<i>Pyrus communis</i>) and its map position in the mutated cultivar ‘Max Red Bartlett’

Dondini, L.,Pierantoni, L.,Ancarani, V.,D’Angelo, M.,Cho, K.-H.,Shin, I.-S.,Musacchi, S.,Kang, S.-J.,Sansavini, S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 Plant breeding Vol.127 No.5

<P>Abstract</P><P>The inheritance of the red colour character in European pear (<I>Pyrus communis</I> L.) was studied over 3 years in seven progeny obtained by using the cultivars ‘Max Red Bartlett’, ‘Cascade’ and ‘California’ as red-skinned fruit parental lines. One of these progeny (derived from the cross ‘Abbé Fétel’ × ‘Max Red Bartlett’, a red mutation of ‘Bartlett’) was already used to construct two linkage maps and, being ‘red colour’ a monogenic dominant trait, it was possible to locate it as morphological marker in the linkage group 4 of ‘Max Red Bartlett’. For the first time, this trait has been mapped out of linkage group 9 in a species belonging to the Maloideae subfamily moreover in a mutated sport. An improved knowledge of the genetic basis of production and accumulation of red pigments in the fruit skin will better support the pear breeding programmes aimed to select new cultivars carrying this appealing trait.</P>

한국 연안에서 Mussel(Mytilus edulis)의 중금속의 생물 농축

이인숙,송준임,박경숙,최병래,노분조 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구는 남한 연안의 오염도를 파악하기 위해 마산만, 온산만, 대산공업 단지 및 비오염구에서 해수, 퇴적물 및 진주담치의 구리, 납, 아연 및 카드뮴의 농도를 조사하였다. 해수의 용존성 구리, 납, 아연 및 카드뮴의 농두는 각각 0.29~0.79 ㎍/l, 0.03~0.08 ㎍/l, 0.19~2.01 ㎍/l, 0.01~0.05 ㎍/l 범위를 나타냈으며, 납(p<0.001)과 아연 농도(p<0.01)는 오염구와 비오염구 간에 유의적인 차이가 있었다, 퇴적물의 구리, 납, 아연 및 카드뮴의 농도는 13~55 ㎍/g, 26~101 ㎍/g, 51~263 ㎍/g, 0.8~2.2 ㎍/g 범위를 모였으며, 오염구와 비오염구 사이에 카드뮴 농도는 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 진주담치의 구리, 납, 아연 및 카드뮴 농도는 0.69~2.27 ㎍/g, 0.29~1.50 ㎍/g, 13.57~52.90 ㎍/g, 0.09~0.85 ㎍/g 범위로 나타났고, 각 중금속 농도가 오염구와 비오염구 사이에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구에서 오염구에 있는 진주담치의 중금속 농도는 자연 상태인 비오염구에서의 농도와 유사한 값으로 이는 연안 해수가 중금속에 의해 크게 오염되지 않은 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to investigate the concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in seawater, sediments and Mytilus edulis at Massan Bay, Onsan Bay, Daesan industrial complex and unpolluted area for the degree of contamination on the coast of Korea. The concentrations of dissolved Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in seawater showed the ranges of 0.29~0.79 ㎍/l, 0.03~0.08 ㎍/l, 0.19~2.01 ㎍/l, 0.01~0.05 ㎍/l, respectively. The concentrations of Pb(p<0.001) and Zn(p<0.01) showed the significant difference between the concentrations of unpolluted area. There were the ranges of 13~55 ㎍/g, 26~101 ㎍/g, 51~263 ㎍/g and 0.8~2.2 ㎍/g in the concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd of sediments. The concentrations of Cu were significantly different between the contaminated and unpolluted area. The concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd, in the Mythilus edulis showed the ranges of 0.69~2.27 ㎍/g, 0.29~1.50 ㎍/g, 13.57~52.90 ㎍/g and 0.09~0.85 ㎍/g respectively. These concentrations of trace metal in Mytilus edulis were not significantly different with sites. Trace metal contents of Mytilus edulis in the contaminated site were similar th those in the unpolluted area. This is thought that metal concentration in coastal seawater were not relatively serious.

Characterization of odourous compounds in air, leachate, stream and well in and around Taju-Bello Dumpsite, Lagos, Nigeria

Azeez, L.,Oyedeji, O.A.,Abdulsalami, I.O.,Adewuyi, S.O. Techno-Press 2013 Advances in environmental research Vol.2 No.2

This study investigated the concentrations of odourous compounds in air, leachate, stream and well in and around Taju-Bello dumpsite. Meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity) and six odour families comprising sulphur ($H_2S$), ammonia ($NH_3$), aromatic (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, p-xylene, m-xylene), aliphatic (hexane), oxygenated (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde) and halogenated (tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, carbontetrachloride) compounds were measured. Meteorological parameters suggested low dispersal of pollutants at L1 with possible perspiration and suffocation from exposure to high temperature, relative humidity and low wind velocity. The trend of abundance of odourous compounds at studied locations is of the order dumpsite (L1) > leachate (L4) > 100 m away from dumpsite (L2) > 200 m away from dumpsite (L3) > stream (L5) > well (L6). $H_2S$, Oxygenated and aromatic compounds were the major contributors to odour strength in these locations. Correlation, factor and cluster analyses of the data revealed similarities of sources as biogenics and xenobiotics inherent in the wastes as the main sources of these odourous compounds.

SPECTROSCOPICALLY SELECTED<i>SPITZER</i>24<i>μm</i>ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

Choi, P. I.,Yan, Lin,Helou, G.,Storrie-Lombardi, L. J.,Fadda, D.,Im, M.,Shim, H. IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.732 No.1

<P>We investigate the active galactic nucleus (AGN) sub-population of a 24 mu m flux-limited galaxy sample in the Spitzer Extragalactic First Look Survey. Using deep Keck optical spectroscopy and a series of emission-line diagnostics, we identify AGN-dominated systems over broad redshift 0 < z < 3.5 and luminosity 9 < log(L-TIR) < 14 ranges, with sample means of < z > = 0.85 and < log(LTIR)> = 11.5. We find that down to the flux limits of our Spitzer MIPS sample (f(24) > 200 mu Jy), 15%-20% of sources exhibit strong AGN signatures in their optical spectra. At this flux limit, the AGN population accounts for as much as 25%-30% of the integrated 24 mu m flux. This corresponds to an MIR AGN contribution approximate to 2-3x greater than that found in ISOCAM 15 mu m studies that used X-ray AGN identifications. Based on our spectroscopically selected AGN sample, we also investigate the merits of Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) color selection for AGN identification. Our comparison reveals that although there is considerable overlap, a significant fraction of spectroscopic AGNs are not identifiable based on their MIR colors alone. Both the measured completeness and reliability of the IRAC color selections are found to be strongly dependent on the MIR flux limit. Finally, our spectroscopic AGN sample implies as much as a 3x higher AGN surface density at high redshift (z > 1.2) than that of recent optical surveys at comparable optical flux limits, suggestive of a population of heavily obscured, optical/UV reddened AGNs.</P>

THE AFTERGLOWS OF<i>SWIFT</i>-ERA GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. I. COMPARING PRE-<i>SWIFT</i>AND<i>SWIFT</i>-ERA LONG/SOFT (TYPE II) GRB OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS

Kann, D. A.,Klose, S.,Zhang, B.,Malesani, D.,Nakar, E.,Pozanenko, A.,Wilson, A. C.,Butler, N. R.,Jakobsson, P.,Schulze, S.,Andreev, M.,Antonelli, L. A.,Bikmaev, I. F.,Biryukov, V.,Bö,ttcher, M.,Bu IOP Publishing 2010 The Astrophysical journal Vol.720 No.2