Understanding Explosive Stellar Events Using Rare Isotope Beams

Kyungyuk Chae 한국천문학회 2017 天文學會報 Vol.42 No.2

Determination of hexamethylenetetramine in foods by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Lim, HoSoo,Kim, JungIm,Ko, KyungYuk,Kim, Meehye Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2014 Food additives & contaminants. Part A. Chemistry, Vol.31 No.9

<P>A simple and rapid method was developed and validated for the determination of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) in foods. Samples were homogenised and extracted with methanol, followed by centrifugation. The resulting solution was filtered and injected into the high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). HMT was separated using a Zorbax SCX-300 column coupled to a photodiode array detector. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.0-100 μg ml(-1), with good correlation coefficients (r(2) = 0.9992). The recoveries of HMT from foods spiked at levels of 10, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) ranged from 91.6% to 103.8%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.9% and 5.3%. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification of HMT were 0.3 and 1.0 mg kg(-1) based on three food matrixes (provolone cheese, glass noodle and tofu snack), respectively. Uncertainty associated with accuracy contributed mostly to the expanded uncertainty. No detectable levels of HMT were found in any of the samples retailed in Korea. The method was successful in determining HMT in foods.</P>

In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Sargassum horneri

Dissanayake D.S.,K.K.A Sanjeewa,KyungYuk Ko,Jun-Geun Je,You-Jin Jeon 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2023 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.6

Phototoxicity Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Substances with a Reactive Oxygen Species Assay Using Ultraviolet A

Yong Sun Lee,Jung-Sun Yi,Hye Rim Lim,Tae Sung Kim,Il Young Ahn,Kyungyuk Ko,JooHwan Kim,Hye-Kyung Park,Soo Jung Sohn,Jong Kwon Lee 한국독성학회 2017 Toxicological Research Vol.33 No.1

With ultraviolet and visible light exposure, some pharmaceutical substances applied systemically or topically may cause phototoxic skin irritation. The major factor in phototoxicity is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and superoxide anion that cause oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. Thus, measuring the generation of ROS can predict the phototoxic potential of a given substance indirectly. For this reason, a standard ROS assay (ROS assay) was developed and validated and provides an alternative method for phototoxicity evaluation. However, negative substances are over-predicted by the assay. Except for ultraviolet A (UVA), other UV ranges are not a major factor in causing phototoxicity and may lead to incorrect labeling of some non-phototoxic substances as being phototoxic in the ROS assay when using a solar simulator. A UVA stimulator is also widely used to evaluate phototoxicity in various test substances. Consequently, we identified the applicability of a UVA simulator to the ROS assay for photoreactivity. In this study, we tested 60 pharmaceutical substances including 50 phototoxins and 10 non-phototoxins to predict their phototoxic potential via the ROS assay with a UVA simulator. Following the ROS protocol, all test substances were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or sodium phosphate buffer. The final concentration of the test solutions in the reaction mixture was 20 to 200 μM. The exposure was with 2.0~2.2 mW/㎠ irradiance and optimization for a relevant dose of UVA was performed. The generation of ROS was compared before and after UVA exposure and was measured by a microplate spectrophotometer. Sensitivity and specificity values were 85.7% and 100.0% respectively, and the accuracy was 88.1%. From this analysis, the ROS assay with a UVA simulator is suitable for testing the photoreactivity and estimating the phototoxic potential of various test pharmaceutical substances.

Phototoxicity Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Substances with a Reactive Oxygen Species Assay Using Ultraviolet A

Lee, Yong Sun,Yi, Jung-Sun,Lim, Hye Rim,Kim, Tae Sung,Ahn, Il Young,Ko, Kyungyuk,Kim, JooHwan,Park, Hye-Kyung,Sohn, Soo Jung,Lee, Jong Kwon Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2017 Toxicological Research Vol.33 No.1

With ultraviolet and visible light exposure, some pharmaceutical substances applied systemically or topically may cause phototoxic skin irritation. The major factor in phototoxicity is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and superoxide anion that cause oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. Thus, measuring the generation of ROS can predict the phototoxic potential of a given substance indirectly. For this reason, a standard ROS assay (ROS assay) was developed and validated and provides an alternative method for phototoxicity evaluation. However, negative substances are over-predicted by the assay. Except for ultraviolet A (UVA), other UV ranges are not a major factor in causing phototoxicity and may lead to incorrect labeling of some non-phototoxic substances as being phototoxic in the ROS assay when using a solar simulator. A UVA stimulator is also widely used to evaluate phototoxicity in various test substances. Consequently, we identified the applicability of a UVA simulator to the ROS assay for photoreactivity. In this study, we tested 60 pharmaceutical substances including 50 phototoxins and 10 non-phototoxins to predict their phototoxic potential via the ROS assay with a UVA simulator. Following the ROS protocol, all test substances were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or sodium phosphate buffer. The final concentration of the test solutions in the reaction mixture was 20 to $200{\mu}M$. The exposure was with $2.0{\sim}2.2mW/cm^2$ irradiance and optimization for a relevant dose of UVA was performed. The generation of ROS was compared before and after UVA exposure and was measured by a microplate spectrophotometer. Sensitivity and specificity values were 85.7% and 100.0% respectively, and the accuracy was 88.1%. From this analysis, the ROS assay with a UVA simulator is suitable for testing the photoreactivity and estimating the phototoxic potential of various test pharmaceutical substances.

Development of a Test Method for the Evaluation of DNA Damage in Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells

Hye Lyun Jeon,Jung-Sun Yi,Tae Sung Kim,Youkyung Oh,Hye Jeong Lee,Minseong Lee,Jin Seok Bang,Kinarm Ko,Il Young Ahn,Kyungyuk Ko,Joohwan Kim,Hye-Kyung Park,Jong Kwon Lee,Soo Jung Sohn 한국독성학회 2017 Toxicological Research Vol.33 No.2

Although alternative test methods based on the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) are being developed to replace animal testing in reproductive and developmental toxicology, they are still in an early stage. Consequently, we aimed to develop alternative test methods in male animals using mouse spermatogonial stem cells (mSSCs). Here, we modified the OECD TG 489 and optimized the in vitro comet assay in our previous study. This study aimed to verify the validity of in vitro tests involving mSSCs by comparing their results with those of in vivo tests using C57BL/6 mice by gavage. We selected hydroxyurea (HU), which is known to chemically induce male reproductive toxicity. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of HU was 0.9 mM, as determined by the MTT assay. In the in vitro comet assay, % tail DNA and Olive tail moment (OTM) after HU administration increased significantly, compared to the control. Annexin V, PI staining and TUNEL assays showed that HU caused apoptosis in mSSCs. In order to compare in vitro tests with in vivo tests, the same substances were administered to male C57BL/6 mice. Reproductive toxicity was observed at 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day as measured by clinical measures of reduction in sperm motility and testicular weight. The comet assay, DCFH-DA assay, H&E staining, and TUNEL assay were also performed. The results of the test with C57BL/6 mice were similar to those with mSSCs for HU treatment. Finally, linear regression analysis showed a strong positive correlation between results of in vitro tests and those of in vivo. In conclusion, the present study is the first to demonstrate the effect of HU-induced DNA damage, ROS formation, and apoptosis in mSSCs. Further, the results of the current study suggest that mSSCs could be a useful model to predict male reproductive toxicity.

Development of a Test Method for the Evaluation of DNA Damage in Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells

Jeon, Hye Lyun,Yi, Jung-Sun,Kim, Tae Sung,Oh, Youkyung,Lee, Hye Jeong,Lee, Minseong,Bang, Jin Seok,Ko, Kinarm,Ahn, Il Young,Ko, Kyungyuk,Kim, Joohwan,Park, Hye-Kyung,Lee, Jong Kwon,Sohn, Soo Jung Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2017 Toxicological Research Vol.33 No.2

Although alternative test methods based on the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) are being developed to replace animal testing in reproductive and developmental toxicology, they are still in an early stage. Consequently, we aimed to develop alternative test methods in male animals using mouse spermatogonial stem cells (mSSCs). Here, we modified the OECD TG 489 and optimized the in vitro comet assay in our previous study. This study aimed to verify the validity of in vitro tests involving mSSCs by comparing their results with those of in vivo tests using C57BL/6 mice by gavage. We selected hydroxyurea (HU), which is known to chemically induce male reproductive toxicity. The 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) value of HU was 0.9 mM, as determined by the MTT assay. In the in vitro comet assay, % tail DNA and Olive tail moment (OTM) after HU administration increased significantly, compared to the control. Annexin V, PI staining and TUNEL assays showed that HU caused apoptosis in mSSCs. In order to compare in vitro tests with in vivo tests, the same substances were administered to male C57BL/6 mice. Reproductive toxicity was observed at 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day as measured by clinical measures of reduction in sperm motility and testicular weight. The comet assay, DCFH-DA assay, H&E staining, and TUNEL assay were also performed. The results of the test with C57BL/6 mice were similar to those with mSSCs for HU treatment. Finally, linear regression analysis showed a strong positive correlation between results of in vitro tests and those of in vivo. In conclusion, the present study is the first to demonstrate the effect of HU-induced DNA damage, ROS formation, and apoptosis in mSSCs. Further, the results of the current study suggest that mSSCs could be a useful model to predict male reproductive toxicity.