Interiority in Early Modern Allegory: Empathy in Spenser’s The Faerie Queene, Book 2

( Kyungran Park ) 한국영어영문학회 2021 영어 영문학 Vol.67 No.3

Critics of The Faerie Queene, Book 2, have thus far read that Guyon’s empathy with characters other than the Palmer is tempered, restrained, or repressed through the Palmer’s education. The student-master relationship between Guyon and the Palmer is similar to the dual structure of allegory―namely, vehicle and tenor. This is true when Guyon asks the meaning of things and creatures around him as they appear to him in the journey with the Palmer, and the Palmer provides the answers. This connection between the narrative structure and personal relationships is my contribution to the current scholarship. As Spenser’s allegory does not mean the tenor in the sacrifice of the vehicle, but rather suspends the two in what C. S. Lewis calls “mood” as opposed to “passion,” Guyon’s emotion is not as repressed as it may seem, but is carefully balanced with his emotion in tune with the Palmer. I call this tuning empathy―a word that did not exist at the time for Spenser to use―to differentiate it from sympathy, when the other’s pain overwhelms the self, and from compassion, when the self dominates the other’s pain. Such instances of sympathy and compassion are exemplified in Amavia and the Palmer, different from the empathy evident in Guyon. Both the subjects who practice the fellow-feelings and the objects toward whom the fellow-feelings are directed do matter, as Guyon returns his attention from Amavia to the Palmer in the process of growth.

R&D Competence and Firm Growth

Kyungran Lee,S. Katie Moon,Seungjoon Oh 한국재무학회 2015 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.05

We examine the eects of heterogeneous rm technological competence, and industry R&D uncertainty and costs on rm decisions of remaining private, going public and being acquired. Using a new R&D project development dataset for private rms in the drug industries, we show that the initial condition of technological competence interacting with product market conditions determines long-run growth outcomes of private rms. We nd that rms with low inherent competence are more likely to retain their growth options by remaining private, when facing high industry-level R&D uncertainty or costs. Firms with low competence but relatively matured R&D projects in their pipelines are more likely to be acquired and thus transfer their growth options to acquirers. Firms with high competence are more likely to go public. Using the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (BPCIA) in 2010 as an exogenous shock to the R&D costs, we nd an increase in aected rms going public following the shock.

Hierarchical Session Management for Large Scale Sessions

Kyungran Kang,Kilnam Chon 대한전기학회 1998 Journal of Electical Engineering and information S Vol.3 No.5

USS Monitor: A Monitoring System for Collaborative Ubiquitous Computing Environment

Kyungran Kang,Jihwan Song,Jinhyung Kim,Heejung Park,We-Duke Cho IEEE 2007 IEEE transactions on consumer electronics Vol.53 No.3

<P>This paper introduces a monitoring system, USS monitor for a collaborative ubiquitous computing environment where the applications collaborate to achieve a service goal. We design USS monitor concerning the visualization of the collaboration and the variability of the applications in the main. The monitoring system includes the mechanisms to collect and visualize the state of the member applications for collaboration as well as the resource state of the machines. In addition, concerning the variability of the applications in the ubiquitous computing environment, we design an interaction protocol and the scalable message format between the monitor and the monitored entities. USS monitor is a set of processes and implemented using Java and C. It is operating in the testbed for collaborative ubiquitous computing environment.</P>

Rainbow, Uniting Colors

KyungRan KO 한국색채학회 2021 International Invitation Exhibition of Color Works Vol.- No.-

The Value of Ultrasound-Guided Tattooing Localization of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions

Kyungran Ko,한부경,Kyung Mi Jang,Yeon Hyeon Choe,신정희,Jung-Hyun Yang,Suk-Jin Nam 대한영상의학회 2007 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.8 No.4

Objective: To investigate the value of ultrasound-guided tattooing localization (US-tattoo) using a charcoal suspension for breast lesions. Materials and Methods: One hundred sixty-four nonpalpable breast lesions in 134 patients (mean age 47 years; range 30 74 years) were marked with a charcoal suspension under US guidance. The medical records associated with the US-tattoo, the pathology results and the follow-up US results were reviewed. Results: The average size of the localized lesions was 1.0 cm. The procedure time was < 5 minutes (range, 2 10 minutes) per lesion. The US-tattoo was well tolerated in all cases. The only technical difficulty encountered was a needle tip blockage caused by a large charcoal particle (4.9%). The surgeon easily identified the tattoo with the exception one case. In addition, surgery could be safely delayed from one to 57 days after the making US-tattoo. The pathology result was benign in 108 cases, borderline in five, and malignant in 51. The excised specimen was < 4 cm in 76.6% (82/107) of the benign cases (mean; 2.7 cm). The pathologist could identify the mass around the tattoo and was able to make a specific diagnosis in 81.3% (87/107) of benign lesions. The only complication encountered was residual charcoal marking along the incision scar (3.6%). All follow-up US documented the removal of the lesions. Conclusion: An US-tattoo for nonpalpable breast lesions is a very simple and accurate method that can help surgeons design and schedule an open biopsy.

SAFETY JEJU

KyungRan Ko 한국색채학회 2020 International Invitation Exhibition of Color Works Vol.- No.-

Analysis of the Effect of ‘School-Farm’ Program on the Personality Development of University Students

Kyungran Noh,Ji hyeon Seo,Yoo Sun Kim 한국화훼학회 2023 한국화훼학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 자료집 Vol.31 No.1

Hierarchical Session Management for Large Scale Sessions

Kyungran Kang,Kilnam Chon 한국정보과학회 1998 Journal of Electrical Engineering and Information Vol.3 No.5

Modern powerful computers connected by high-speed networks offer the opportunity to build interactive programs supporting collaboration. As result, the scale of such collaboration will increase dramatically like hundreds and thousands. Existing systems for multiparty sessions does not consider such a large number of participants. Centralized system will have the central management object overloaded with membership control functions and floor control functions. Distributed system will have the participants confused with uncontrolled manner of interactions. This paper suggests a way to lessen the load of the session manager by introducing hierarchical session structure. The participants are divided into multiple groups and each group has its own manager. The members' floor control requests are processed by its group manager. The group managers interact with the session manager to coordinate the interactions among the whole participants based on the session control policies. This paper describes the management components and the way to carry out the session management functions. The proposed approach will be compared with other large scale session approaches.

Female Heads of Households Registered in Korea’s Census Registers Between the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Centuries and Their Historical Significance

Kyungran Kim(김경란) 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2018 International Journal of Korean History Vol.23 No.2

일반적으로 한국의 전통시대 여성은 국가의 公的 영역에서 배제된 것으로 이해되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 인식은 선험적인 것이며, 국가의 운영상 여성의 역할이 필요한 부분이 존재하였다. 이에 따라 국가에서는 여성에게 公的인 역할을 부여하고자 하였고, 대표적인 것이 여성이 戶의 대표자인 主戶가 되었다는 사실이다. 주로 “寡婦戶”로 파악되었던 여성주호는 “王政”이라는 이념적 측면에서 국가의 일차적 진휼대상이었다. 따라서 이들에 대한 파악은 民의 최소한의 존립기반을 마련해 주어야 한다는 입장에서 이루어졌다. 하지만 이들은 賦稅 부담을 할 수 없는 虛戶였기 때문에 국가의 재정이 악화될 우려가 있었다. 이 때문에 조선 정부는 여성이 호의 대표자로 서는 것을 어쩔 수 없는 임시적 조치로 설정하고, 그것을 억제하고자 했다. 이와 같이 여성주호는 戶籍上에 임시적이고 제한적 성격을 가지고 있었으나, 한편으로 그것이 현실적으로 가족 가운데 여성이 가지는 지위가 높기 때문이든, 국가의 공적인 부담을 회피하기 위해서든, 국가에 대한 여성의 공적 역할이 증대한 측면을 무시할 수 없다. 이 사실은 억압되어 암흑의 시대를 산다고 여겨지기도 한 전통사회 여성의 사회적, 국가적 위상에 대해 再考해야 함을 의미한다. Generally, women in traditional Korea were thought to have been excluded from the public arena of the state. However, such perception is based on a stereotype that women were confined to the private arena within families. In fact, parts of state administration in Chosŏn Korea required women‟s participation. The state granted women public roles, one of which was allowing them to be heads of households. Female heads of households, who were mostly widow heads of households (kwabuho, 寡婦戶), were primary beneficiaries of the state‟s relief policies under the ideology of virtue-centered royal regime. Therefore the state took a count of these female heads of households in order to provide the basic needs for their livelihood. However, since most of these households were poor and could not pay taxes, their existence threatened the state‟s finances. Because of this, the Chosŏn government only granted temporary householder positions to women and attempted to contain their number. As this study illustrates, female heads of households in census registers were temporary and limited in nature. Women were able to become heads of households because sometimes they occupied higher status in their families or because they tried to avoid the public burden placed on their household. Regardless of the reason, however, it is important to note that women did fulfill important public roles for the state as heads of households. This evidence suggests the need to reexamine the status of women in traditional Korean society, who have been considered to be oppressed and living in the dark ages.