초기 함수율 조절이 음식물쓰레기의 발효사료화에 미치는 영향

박진식,정경원,김수생 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 硏究報告 Vol.23 No.1

The purposes of this study were to determine the optimum fermentation process for the feed production of garbage and estimate the practical value of fermented feed using kudzu creeper and sawdust as bulking agent. This study considered initial moisture contents, control as the fermentation process variables. The results are summarized as follows. To, solve the dewatering and sanitary problems and maintain the proper moisture contents and aerobic condition, this garbage fermentation process used kudzu and sawdust as bulking agent. The effective fermentation could be achieved at the moisture contents of 60% with bulking agent. Optimum condition of fermentation consists of moisture contents. For optimum fermentation of gravitationally dewatered garbage, the proper mixing ratios of kudzu(moisture contents : 17.3%) and sawdust (moisture contents : 13.2%) were 41% and 39%. respectively.

淨化槽 슬럿지의 堆肥化에 관한 硏究

정경원,박진식,문추연,강석간,김수생 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1996 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.1

This study was performed for composting of septic tank sludge which had been not dewatered in the various bulking aegents and investigating the condition and the adequate composting and the mixing rate. And results of the research are as follows; (1) Rice straw in the five bulking agents was the most fermentavility and the mixed rate was 1:3 in the time (2) The range of the optimum moisture content was 64.2-67.3% and air quantity was 0.8ℓ/min-㎏VS in the time (3) The coming to the time of the maximum temperature was showed between 58 and 110 hrs after inputing composter. (4) It being composting by the windows method, If the Quanlity was over 1 ㎥, the composting was successful. (5) The composting was the most quick, optimum under C/N ratio of 29.92-34.66 (6) The maximum temperature of 49-53℃ was showed under the adequate condition of each element;Moisture Content, Air Quautity, pH, CO₂ prodution quantity was 0.59-0.69m mole/day.g(VM) in the time

정신병원에 근무하는 행정직원의 정신장애인에 대한 태도 연구 : 국립정신병원 직원과 사립정신병원 직원의 비교

지경환,왕은식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.3

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes toward the mentally ill, identify the factors influencing their attitudes of administration clerks in national and private mental hospitals, and to get basic data to develop education program and the strategy to treatment of mental illness. Methods : Total 166 administration clerks working in the two national mental hospital and four private mental hospital were interviewed by Community Attitudes to the Mentally III (CAMI) scale. Results : The administration clerks who working in the mental hospital showed generally sympathetic and positive attitudes in all CAMI scales like other community residents and mental health personnels. Administration clerks working in national mental hospitals showed more positive attitudes in authoritarianism subscale than those in private mental hospitals. Females who live in township areas (myeon), are low educated and have shorter duration of employment in national mental hospitals had relatively negative attitudes toward the mentally ill. Administration clerks working in private mental hospitals showed less significant differences according toward demographic characteristics. Conclusion : It will be necessary to give information and systematic education about mental health for those who have negative attitude toward mentally ill, especially in the early period of employment, further investigations should include comparison between characteristics of administration clerks working in national and private mental hospitals and change in attitudes after Systematic education.

Purge & Trap-GC를 이용한 의약품 필름코팅 정제 중 잔류용제에 관한 연구

장준식,이명자,소유섭,문춘선,이주헌,박희라,김진숙,강경모,이선옥,방성연,유미자,유문균,금오성,이병욱 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

의약품은 약물을 생체에 적풋하기 위하여 유효성분의 효과가 언제나 일정하게 확보되고 사응에 편리하도록 만들어지는 것이므로 유효썽분 이외에 약효에 영향을 주지 않는 성분이 첨가되는 경운가 많다. 이 때 사용되는 용매들은 제피의 광택 및 건쪼시간의 단축 등을 위하여 휘발점이 낮을 용매들이 주로 사용되어진다. 본 연구는 의약품 필름코팅정제 중 잔류용매 4종(chlorofonr benzen, trichloro ethylen, 1,4-dioxane)에 대한 변형된 pirge & trap-GC 장치를 이용한 동시분석방법을 개발하였으며, 각 표준품의 RSD 값은 chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69% and 1,4-dioxane 3.41%였다. 또한 시중 유통중인 의약품 50종에 대하여 잔류웅매 양을 측정하였으며, 검출되는 잔류용매는 한 건도 없었다. This study nras carried out to develope the analytical method for the mixture of chlorefonn, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane simultaneously and determine the remainingorgauic solvents in coating tablets by Purge & Trap-GC. The results were as follouFs ; 1. Chloroform, benzen, trio:tloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane separated by tenax #5 trap by HP-624GC column by terrlperature programming. The peaks were separated completely at retentiontime of 6.88min for chloroform, 8.21min for benzen, 10.38miu for trichloroethylen and 11.95minfor 1,4-dioxane. 2. Standard RSD were individually chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69%and 1,4-diorane 3.41%. 3. 60 samples were not detrcted chloroform, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane.

응급센터내에서의 Do-Not-Resuscitate Order

김영식,황성오,이부수,안무업,임경수,강성준 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Do-not-resuscitate(DNR) decision in certain patients is a important part of patient management. The use of DNR order has been widely recognized in hospitalized patients, but there has been little discussion of the use of DNR order in emergency department. DNR decision in emergency department is difficult because there is no previous contact between physician and patient. To identify the medical reasons of the DNR decision and the process of the DNR in the emergency department, 293 DNR patients in emergency department during 1 year and 36 physicians having experienced DNR decision were studied. Reasons for DNR are irreversible states from brain damage or acute illness(63%), chronic irreversible illness(15%), prolonged cardiac arrest over 30 minutes(16%), physical injuries including decapitation(1%) and family's hope(5%). Almost DNR(72%) were decided by physicians. 72% of DNR decision were not documented. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted before DNR decision in 38% of the patients and 17% of CPR attempts were unnecessary. Almost physician(88%) replied that physician should discuss resuscitation with family and process of DNR decision should be documented.

農家所得을 위한 감의 효율적 이용을 위한 젖산발효

김순동,서정식,상채규,구경희 효성여자대학교 새마을연구소 1984 새마을硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.-

This study was carried out to improve the utility of persimmon fruit by lactic acid fermentation and drying. A strain of Streptococcus lactis was used in the fermentation. The changes in acidity, pH, number of microorganism, and the content of sugar, lycopene and tannin were determined during fermentation. Color of the fermented persimmon was checked by using a colorimeter, while quality of persimmon was evaluated by sensory test. The optimum temperature for lactate fermentation was at 25℃ showing on acidity of 50mg lactate per 100g fresh weight, when 10^7 cells per ml(1% inoclum)of Streptococcus lactis was added as the starter. By sterilization at 1kg/cm^2 for 15 minutes, the fruit was coagulated and colored reddish. The loss of brix degree was 2.3%. The content of fructose was increased while sucrose and glucose 23%, respectively. The rate of tannin and lycopene loss were 32% and 23%, respectively. Tannin slightly inhibited growth of the microorganism. Optimum temperature for drying of fermented fruit was at 60℃ with little variation in color. The fermented and dried persimmon was better in texture and taste than the raisin. From above results, it was clear that quality of persimmon fruit such as texture, and storage characteristics can be improved by lactate fermentation and drying.

平齒車의 이뿌리에 發生하는 應力에 關한 硏究

김진무,이경식,주석재 울산대학교 1983 연구논문집 Vol.14 No.2

물림율이 2以上일 때 平齒車의 한 개의 齒가 물리기 始作하여 끝날 때까지 分擔하는 荷重과 이뿌리에 發生하는 應力을 光彈性實驗으로 測定하였다. 그리고 이 結果를 使用하여 決定한 齒의 크기는 一般的인 設計値보다 約 25%정도 작게 할 수 있었다. The partial load acting on a tooth and the stress at the tooth root of a spur gear, were measured using the photoelastic apparatus when the contact ratio is greater than 2. The result shows that the gear would be designed about 25% smaller than conventionally used one when the contact ratio is grater than 2.

葦莖湯·加味葦莖湯의 A549에 對한 細胞毒性과 S-180에 對한 抗癌效果

김성훈,박정휘,박경식,김동희 대한동의병리학회 1995 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.9 No.2

연구배경 : 폐암은 최근 암사망률 중 17%로 위암과 간암에 이어 3위를 차지하고 있어 이의 치료와 연구는 중요한 과제로 등장하고 있다. 따라서 한의학적 측면에서 폐암에 해당되는 문헌을 찾아보아 이중 폐옹에 사용되는 길경탕과 최근에 각종 암에 다용되는 어성초, 白花蛇설초를 가미한 가미길경탕의 항암 효과 및 항암제와의 병용효과등을 현대적인 실험을 통하여 규명, 폐암에 대한 치료법을 제시하고자 함 방법 : in vitro에서 사람의 肺癌株인 A549에 對한 抗腫瘍效果와 cyclophosphamide(CPM), cisplatin(CPT), adriamycin(ARM), 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) 등의 4種 抗癌劑와의, 相乘作用을 살펴보고, ICR생쥐에 S-180을 腹腔 注射한 後 實驗 藥物을 口腔 投與하여, 生命延長率, 體重變化 및 血液檢査 등을 실시하였다. 결과 : 葦莖湯, 葦莖湯加魚腥草, 葦莖湯家伯花蛇舌草는 모두 肺癌에 對한 抗腫瘍效果가 認定되며, cyclophosphamide나 cisplatind을 倂用하거나 魚腥草나 白花蛇舌草를 加味하였을 경우 보다 效果的인 것으로 나타났다. In order to prove the antitumor effect of Wekyungtang(WKT) that was originated in Bigeubchunkeumyobang(備急千金要方), Wekyungtang with Houttuyniae Herba(WKT-I) and Wekyungtang with Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba(WKT-Ⅱ) on human pulmonary tumor cells experimentally, the studies were done. We evaluated the cytotoxic activity against A549 as well as the synergistic effects with anticancer drugs such as cyclophophamide(CPM), cisplatin (CPT), adriamycin (ARM) and 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) in vitro, and measured body weight, survival time, hematological changes in ICR bearing S-180. The results were obtained as follows: 1. IC50 against A549 was 16.24ug/ml in cyclophophamide (CPM), 8.01ug/ml in cisplatin(CPT), 8.39ug/ml in adriamycin(ARM) and 3.13 in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) respectively. 2. Inhibitory effect on the adhesion of A549, the ratio of No. of antiadhesive cells to adhesive cells was 26.8/73.2 in WKT, 30.42/69.58 in WKT-Ⅰ and 35.12/64.88 in WKT-Ⅱ at the concentrations of 10-³g/ml, which indicates that antiadhesive effect was shown in the order of WKT-Ⅱ, WKT-Ⅰ, WKT. 3. In vitro the concentrations showing inhibitory growth rate below 55% of control against A549 was recognized in concentration of 10-³g/ml of WKT, the synergistic effect with CPM was shown in the concentration of 10-5 g/ml above of WKT, concentrations of WKT-Ⅰ, 10-³g/ml of WKT-Ⅱ, the syneristic effect with CPT was shown in the concentration of 10-5 g/ml above of WKT-Ⅱ, the synergistic effect with ARM was shown in concen -tration of 10-³g/ml of WKT-Ⅰ, WKT-Ⅱ, the synergistic effect with 5-FU was shown in concentration of 10-³g/ml WKT, WKT-Ⅰ, which indicated that CPT, CPM had the synergistic action with WKT. 4. In vivo, the gaining of body weight was significantly suppressed in all groups as compared with control group bearing S-180 and ILS was 10.45% in WKT, 16.43% in WKT-Ⅰ, 21.82% in WKT-Ⅱ respectively. 5. The number of platelet was significantly increased in WKT, WKT-Ⅰ and platelet aggregation was significantly increased in all roup as compared with control group. From the above results it was concluded that Wekyungtang and Kami-Wekyungtang had antitumor effect against A549 and wekyungtang combined with Houttuyniae Herba or Oldenlandiae difusae Herba was more effective than wekyungtang only, also cyclophophamide(CPM), cisplatin(CPT) exerted the more synergistic effect in the anticancer drugs.

Testing Self-Control Theory Using a Secondary Data Analysis of the GREAT Program : An Empirical Assessment

Kyung-sick Choi(최경식) 한국범죄심리학회 2009 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.5 No.1

1990년 Gottfredson and Hirshi가 제시한 자기통제이론(self-control theory)은 모든 범죄에 대한 설명이 가능하다고 주장한다. 이듬해 1991년에는 지역의 학교를 기본으로 하여 G.R.E.A.T 프로그램 (the Gang Resistance Education and Training Program )이 창안되었는데, 이는 청소년들이 길거리 불량조직에서 활동하는 것을 예방하는 것을 목적으로 법집행기관이 지역의 초등학교 및 중학교의 정규과목에서 교육하는 프로그램이다. 이 연구는 1995년 횡단적 평가 결과의 이차자료 분석을 통해서, Gottfredson과 Herishi의 고전적 자아통제이론의 실증적 지지를 제공한 G.R.E.A.T 프로그램 평가 중 특정 변수들의 효과성을 실증적으로 검증하는 것을 그 목적으로 하였다. In 1990, Gottfredson and Hirshi proposed self-control theory, which they espouse proffers an explanation of all crime. In 1991, the Gang Resistance Education and Training Program (G.R.E.A.T.) was established as a local school-based, law enforcement officer-instructed classroom curriculum with the primary objective of preventing elementary and middle school youths from joining street gangs. Through performance of a secondary data analysis of results from the 1995 cross-sectional evaluation, this project demonstrates that certain variables derived from the G.R.E.A.T. Program evaluation provides empirical support for Gottfredson and Hirschi’s classic self-control theory.

Disciplinary Sport Sociology : 대도시 노인의 생활체육 참가와 여가만족 및 생활만족의 관계

김경식 ( Kyung Sick Kim ) 한국체육학회 1996 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.1