『고대일록』으로 본 정경운의 전란 극복의 한 양상

장경남 ( Kyung Nam Jang ) 경북대학교 퇴계연구소 2015 퇴계학과 유교문화 Vol.57 No.-

이 논문은 이 논문은 정경운의 일기 『고대일록』을 통해서 지방의 한 개인인정경운이 임진왜란이라는 전란을 어떻게 극복해 나갔는지를 읽어낸 글이다. 『고대일록』은 여타의 일기와는 달리 다양한 문학 작품을 수록하고 있다. 漢詩를 비롯해 안음·거창에 보내는 <通文>, 도사 김영남에게 보낸 <書簡文>, 제문인 <祭盧參奉文>, <移安祭文>, <祭智異山祈雨文>, 說 문학인 <牧丹側柏說>, 친구와 가족의 죽음을 애도한 <卒記>, 그리고 <自傳> 등이 그것이다. 특히 유사로 활약하면서 통문을 작성한 점은 정경운이 함양 지역을 대표하던 문장가였음을 알게 해준다. 이러한 문학적 재능은 과거에 도전해 관직에 진출할 수 있는 요인이 되었던 것으로 보인다. 임진왜란 중 정경운이 관직 진출을 위하여 관심을 기울인 흔적들은 곳곳에서 발견된다. 과거 시험의 잦은 응시와 함께 과거의 결과에 대한 기록이 그것이다. 정 경운은 전란기간 내내 관직 진출을 염원하였지만 결과는 그리 성공적이지 못하였다. 정경운은 문학적 재능을 바탕으로 전란이라는 상황에서도 과거시험이나 관직 진출을 포기하지 않았고 기회만 주어진다면 언제든지 진입할 준비를 하고 있었다. 과거를 통해 관직에 진출하려는 욕망은 전란이라는 불안한 시대를 이겨내고 자신 과 가문을 회복할 수 있는 길이었던 것이다. This study examines - through 『Godaeillok』 (Daily Journal of Jeong Kyungun) - how an individual could overcome the turmoil of Imjin Waeran (the Japanese Invasion of 1952). Unlike other journals, 『Godaeillok』used distinctively different expressions. The Journal contained diverse-style articles, including Chinese poems, notices, letters, memorial articles, editorials, commentaries on dead people, and biographies. This suggests that Jeong Kyung-un was an excellent writer, and presumably that his literary talent helped him pass the highest-level state examination and enter the officialdom. Evidences were discovered that during the war, Jeong Kyung-un tried to enter the officialdom. He tried numerous times to sit for the highest-level state examination, and wrote down the results of the examination. Throughout the war, he longed to enter the officialdom, but was not so successful. Using his literary talent, he continued efforts to enter the officialdom despite the war situations, and tried to sit for the examination whenever the opportunities came. Such ambition sustained him through the turmoil of war, and finally brought honor to him and his family.

팔당호의 생태학적 수질환경의 변화와 미생물 분포

허성남,민경희,유재근,최순영 숙명여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1999 자연과학논문집 Vol.- No.10

팔당호의 생태학적 환경요인의 계절적인 변화를 분석하므로서 이것으로 인한 식물성 플랑크톤의 연관성을 고찰과 함께 오염과정을 파악하여 수질오염의 예방의 기초자료를 얻고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. 1994년 4월부터 1995년 10월까지 계절별로 3개 지점에서 시료를 채취하여 표층부와 저층부의 수질을 분석하였다 용존산소(DO)와 pH는 각각 7.0-11.6 ㎎/ℓ와 6.9-8.9의 범위이었으며 COD와 BOD농도는 각각 1.6-4.8 ㎎/ℓ와 0.8-2.9 ㎎/ℓ이었으며,SS는 1.8-8.6 ㎎/ℓ의 농도차를 보여 주었다. 또한 NH₃-N와 PO₄-P의 농도는 각각 0.161-0.478 ㎎/ℓ와 0.003-0.073 ㎎/ℓ이었다. 표층의 chlorophyll a의 농도는 낮게는 북한강 유입부위인 12.3 ㎎/ℓ로부터 가장 높은 경안천 유입부위 23.8 ㎎/ℓ의 범위를 보여주고 있다. pH,전도도, COD, BOD, SS ,총인, chlorophyll a의 농도는 하계절에 가장 높았으며 이 결과로 미루어 보아 하계절에는 하천에 오염물질이 가장 많이 유입되는 것으로 추정된다. Station별로 조사한 결과 이들의 농도는 경안천 하류인 St. 3가 남한강 하류인 St. 2이나 댐지역의 St. 4보다 높은 결과를 보여 주었으므로 경안천 상류에서 오염원이 가장 많이 유입되는 것으로 추정된다. 아울러 종속영양세균의 분포도 경안천이 다른 지역보다 가장 높게 나타났다. Seasonal variation of water quality was examined in the reservoir, lake Paldang on Han River, the inlet stations from three rivers, North Han River, South Han liver, Kyung-An stream, and the station of dam area of the lake. Water samples were collected bimonthly from surface and bottom layers at four different stations of the lake Paldang from April 1993 to August 1994. With respect to the seasonal variation, pH, conductivity, and concentrations of COD, BOD, SS, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a were higher in summer compared with those of autumn or other seasons, while concentrations of DO, NH₃-N, and PO₄-P were increased in winter. Concentrations of COD, BOD, chlorophyll a, total nitrogen and phosphorus were the highest at the station of Kyung-An stream rather than those of other three stations. The average concentrations of chlorophyll a surface water were from 12.3 ㎎/ℓ at North Han River to 23.8 ㎎/ℓ at Kyung-An stream. Heterotrophic bacterial distribution showed higher at the station of Kyung-An steam than those of South Han River and the dam station of the lake.

The expression patterns of RANKL and OPG in murine tooth eruption

Hwang, Kyung-Mun,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Hyun-Jung,,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

치아의 맹출은 치아기 (dental organ)와 치조골의 세포와 연관된 매우 복잡한 과정이다. 우선 치아 맹출이 일어나기 전에 파골세포가 치낭으로 집결하게 된다. 이러한 치낭의 역할은 파골세포와 조골세포의 상호작용으로 이루어 지는 골개조와 밀접한 관련이 있는데, 이는 치아 맹출과 연관된 많은 유전자들이 치낭에서 발현되기 때문이다. RANKL는 TNF ligand family로써 조골세포에 존재하며 파골세포의 형성 및 전구세포로 부터의 활성화를 유도한다. 이러한 RANKL은 OPG에 의해 그 작용이 억제되며 RANKL와 OPG의 상대적인 비율이 파골세포의 형성에 영향을 미친다. 또한 Runx2유전자의 변이는 조골세포의 분화와 활성에 차질을 가져오고 결국 RANKL/OPG pathway를 통해 파골세포 형성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 치아의 발육 및 맹출에 미치는 RANKL 및 OPG의 영향을 알아보고 Runx2와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 in situ hybridization 방법으로 태생 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11일된 쥐의 하악 및 제1대구치를 사용하여 실험을 실시한 결과 RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 mRNA가 태생 1일부터 11일까지 치낭 및 치아주위조직에 특성있게 나타났다. 이중 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 RANKL 및 Runx2는 치아의 교합면측과 하방 치조골 부위의 발현이 강하게 나타난 반면 OPG는 약한 발현을 보였다. 이는 또한 파골세포의 활성부위를 알아보기 위해 TRAP염색을 실시하여 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 최대의 활성화를 나타낸 결과와 연광성 있게 나타났다. RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 특성있는 발현양상들을 종합해 볼 때, 치아 맹출은 치낭, 치아기, 치조골 사이의 상호 작용을 통해 이루어 지며, 이는 치낭이 치아 맹출에 있어서 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 이러한 유전자들 (RANKL, OPG, Runx2) 이 치아의 맹출에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves cells of the tooth organ and the surrounding alveolus. Osteoclast precursors must be recruited into the dental follicle prior to the onset of eruption. This function of dental follicle may be regarded as the ability of bone remodeling characterized by the interaction of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This is because tooth eruption is a localized event in which many of the genes required for eruption are expressed in the dental follicle. RANKL is a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the TNF ligand family, which is present on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, and induces osteoclast formation and activation from precursor cell. The biologic effect of RANKL is inhibited by OPG and, in bone, the relative ratio of RANKL and OPG modulates osteoclastogenesis. To evaluate the roles of RANKL and OPG in tooth eruption and the relations with the expression pattern of Runx2, in situ hybridization was performed with mandibles of mice at postnatal stage 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. mRNA of RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 are expressed in dental follicle and surrounding tissue from P1 to 11. To determine the sites of osteoclastic activity duing tooth eruption, mandibles were dissected. Peak osteoclastic activity in alveolar bone along the occlusal and basal regions was observed from P5 to 9, with osteoclasts in these regions being large and strongly TRAP-positive. The specific spatic-temporal expression patterns of RANKL, OPG and Runx2 in our study suggest that tooth eruption could be progressed through the interactions of molecular signaling among dental follicle, dental organ and alveolar bone, furthermore it means that dental follicle is quite important in tooth eruption. In addition, it indicates that these genes (RANKL, OPG, and Runx2) play critical roles in tooth eruption.

심근 허혈-재관류 백서 모델에서 mitogen-activated protein kinase 활성화에 대한 α-lipoic acid의 효과

김연경,박은미,최준호,윤경호,유남진,이은미,김남호,정진원,김민선,박병림,오석규 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2006 圓光醫科學 Vol.21 No.1

Solar Energy Development in Viet Nam: Opportunities and Challenges

Nguyen, Binh H.,Kim, Kyung Nam Korea Photovoltaic Society 2017 한국태양광발전학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Nowadays Viet Nam's energy supply which is mainly produced by fossil fuels energy such as coal, gas, and oil. However, the operation of fossil fuel power plants is one of the major causes of environmental pollution and climate change as well. It has a serious impact on the survival of human beings in general. As can be seen, the manufacturing industry is strongly invested, the demand for energy is also increasing. As traditional fossil fuels are being depleted and to minimize environmental pollution, renewable energy is the solution widely used by many countries in the world. Therefore, renewable energy has a significant role in maintaining the sustainability of world economy. Renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy can supply clean and nature-sourced energy to replace fossil fuels. Encouraging development of renewables is a general trend in the world today, which is also a common goal of COP21 commitment on global GHG reduction. The objective of this study is to assess the opportunities and challenges for renewable energy development in Vietnam, particularly for solar power. This study also discusses policies to promote the development of solar energy in Vietnam. While solar power provides ecological, economic and social benefits, it is exploited very modestly in Vietnam, where there are many barriers to slow down the development of renewable energy.

남자 고등학생의 흡연행위군별 성격특성

류미경,박경민,김정남,장은진,이충원,김대현,정철호 대한보건협회 2000 대한보건연구 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of personality characteristics using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) by current-smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers among male high school students. The subjects for this study were 448 first and second year male students at general and vocational high school in Taegu and Kyung-Buk Province. Data was collected from August 25 to September 15, 1999. The instrument used in this study was the Validity Scale and the Clinical Scale, the Ego Strength Scale and the Personality Disorder Scale of the MMPI. The data was analysed by using the SPSS Program which included frequency, percentage, x^2-test, ANOVA, scheffe test and stepwise discriminant analysis. The results obtained from this study were as follows. (1) There were significant differences by smoking behavior groups in parents who smoke and who did not smoke(p=.044), intimate-friends who smoke and not(p=.000), academic record(p=.000), satisfaction with school life(p=.020), effect of smoking on health(p=.000), drinking experience(p=.000), drug-use experience(p=.007) and experience into No minors district(p=.000). (2) T-scores of subjects in this study were in the range of 40-60. Psychopathic Deviate Scale(Pd), Paranoid Scale(Pa), Psychasthenia Scale(Pt), Schizophrenia Scale(Sc), Histrionic Personality Disorder Scale(HST) and Anti-social Personality Disorder Scale(ANT) showed higher T-scores than other Clinical and Personality Disorder Scale. (3) The results of post-hoc in Validity Scale and Clinical Scale are as follows: T-scores of current-smokers were higher than that of ex-smokers and non-smokers in Hysteria Scale(Hy), Psychopathic Deviate Scale(Pd), Paranoid Scale(Pa), Psychasthenia Scale(Pt), Schizophrenia Scale(Sc) and Hypomania Scale(Ma); T-scores of non-smokers were higher than that of ex-smokers in Depression Scale(D), and T-scores of non-smokers were higher than that of current-smokers and ex-smokers in Social Introversion Scale(Si). (4) In Ego Strength Scale and Personality Disorder Scale, T-scores of ex-smokers were higher than those of current-smokers. In Histrionic Personality Disorder Scale(HST) and Narcissistic Personality Disorder Scale(NAR), T-scores of current smokers and ex-smokers were higher than those of non-smokers. In Borderline Personality Disorder Scale(BDL), Anti-social Personality Disorder Scale(ANT) and Paranoid Personality Disorder Scale(PAR), T-scores of current-smokers were higher than those of ex-smokers and non-smokers. In Schizotypal Personality Disorder Scale(STY), T-scores of current smokers were higher than that of ex-smokers. In Avoidant Personality Disorder Scale(AVD), T-scores of non-smokers were higher than those of current-smokers and ex-smokers. (5) As a result of stepwise discriminant analysis of the MMPI Scale by smoking behavior, a discrimination rate of the F Scale, Hypomania Scale(Ma), Social Introversion Scale(Si) and Psychopathic Deviate Scale(Pd) out of the Validity Scale and Clinical Scale was 51.1%, and that of Anti-social Personality Disorder Scale(ANT) and Avoidant Personality Disorder Scale(AVD) out of the Personality Disorder Scale was 51.6%, both of the rates were statistically significant. The Above results suggested that smoking by high school students is related with personality characteristics as well as external factors like family, school and their social environment. So school health professionals who are in charge of school health, should operate various smoking prevention or prohibition programs, taking into account personality characteristics. It might have an effect on smoking prevention and the reduction of the smoking rate.

Solar Energy Development in Viet Nam : Opportunities and Challenges

Binh H. Nguyen,Kyung Nam Kim 한국태양광발전학회 2017 한국태양광발전학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Nowadays Viet Nam’s energy supply which is mainly produced by fossil fuels energy such as coal, gas, and oil. However, the operation of fossil fuel power plants is one of the major causes of environmental pollution and climate change as well. It has a serious impact on the survival of human beings in general. As can be seen, the manufacturing industry is strongly invested, the demand for energy is also increasing. As traditional fossil fuels are being depleted and to minimize environmental pollution, renewable energy is the solution widely used by many countries in the world. Therefore, renewable energy has a significant role in maintaining the sustainability of world economy. Renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy can supply clean and nature-sourced energy to replace fossil fuels. Encouraging development of renewables is a general trend in the world today, which is also a common goal of COP21 commitment on global GHG reduction. The objective of this study is to assess the opportunities and challenges for renewable energy development in Vietnam, particularly for solar power. This study also discusses policies to promote the development of solar energy in Vietnam. While solar power provides ecological, economic and social benefits, it is exploited very modestly in Vietnam, where there are many barriers to slow down the development of renewable energy.

The Computer Algebra Systems in Mathematics Education : A Review of Recent Research

Kwon, Oh-Nam,Shin, Eun-Ju,Shon, Bo-Kyung 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2001 East west education Vol.18 No.-

This study examines the potential role for Computer Algebra Systems(CAS) in such an educational context, particularly their potential to get students more engaged in the learning of mathematics as well as to reduce the "strangle hold" of prerequisite algebraic skills, in courses such as functions, introductory calculus. What is the present status of and near-future outlook for computer algebra in Korean secondary schools? The answer that arises from this review of available fact is: bright with promise, but still dim. Several recent developments have set the stage for an acceleration in the dissemination rate for CAS to high schools. However, this review of some past and present conditions indicates that many years will pass before computer algebra is impacting high school mathematics as much as hand-held calculators are doing now.

경찰관의 운동참여에 따른 직무 Stress와 직무만족에 관한 연구

김종달, 남덕현, 이한경, 반종진 용인대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.10 No.1

This study is for the purpose of examining effects related to duty stress & duty satisfaction due to Police of officers' Physical exercise participation, helping more efficient duty Performance, and positive self-formation. Furthermore, providing basic data that can be helpful to the improvement of police duty. The objects of the study were police officers who were taking part in education program in Police Comprehensive Academy, and the number of police officers who answered the questionnaire is 356 police officers, but data used for real analyzation consist of 300 police officers. The tools for the study were based on Ivancevich's duty stress model in order to measure stress. And also questionnaire used on Kim yoon hee, Kim mae ja, Jo kyung soon, Lee hart kyung's study was used as a complementary tool. The instrument for measuring duty satisfaction rate was developed by Paula. And I used the instrument based on questionnaire that was used by Ko hee soon, Park ki hyung, Kim bum sik, Lee jong kil, Lim bun jang, Jo young chang, Hackeman, Lawlar and Oldham's study. Data analysis is Processed statistically with SPSS/PC+, I Performed T-verification, ANOVA-verification in accordance with the purpose of study after getting the percentage and the real number in case of general characteristics of the objects, and examine an average and standard variation in case of duty satisfaction and duty stress rate. And I set an err rate to 0.5. I verificated co-relation between stress and duty satisfaction with Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The result of the study is as follows, The first, among sociological characteristic and external factor of duty satisfaction, The married is more significant statistically(p< .01, p<.05) compared to the unmarried in terms of compensation system and working condition , which are subfactor of duty satisfaction . In terms of the length of one's service, the longer service term one has the higher significance level one shows in compensation system, working condition, safety, and external factor which are sub-factors of duty satisfaction In terms of an academic background, one who graduated from a high school shows significance statistically only in working condition which is a subfactor of duty satisfaction compared to other people (p<0.5) The second, among sociological characteristic and internal factor of duty satisfaction, the married is more significant statistically(P<.05) compared to the unmarried in terms of achievement which is a subfactor of duty satisfaction. In terms of age the older one shows higher significance level in stability which is a subfactor of duty satisfaction compared to younker one(p<.05) In terms of the length of one's service the longer service term one has ,the higher significance level one shows(p<.01, p<.05). The third, in terms of duty stress due to sociological variable, the married is more significant statistically(p<.05) in case of stress stems from police duty than the unmarried Interms of age, welfare and duty stress are significant statistically(P<.05) Interms of the length of one's service, police's work is significant statistically(P<.05). One who graduated from junior college is significant statistically in police's work, welfare, stress and gets a lot of stress in personal relations(p<.05). The forth, groups participating in exercise are more significant statistically in stability(p<.001), feeling of stability(P<.001), achievement(p<.001), internal factor(p<.01), external factor(p<.05) than croups not Participating in exercise. The fifth, groups participating in exercise are more significant statistically only in personal management than groups not participating in. The sixth co-relation between duty satisfaction and duty stress is r=-0.3814, (P<.001) ,which shows opposite co-relation. so, a result the more stress one has, the lower duty satisfaction he gets.

실리카흄을 흔입한 고강도 콘크리트 개발

홍창우,김태경,김경진,김성환,김남윤,심도식,이정호,윤청호,백민경,원치문,박제선,이주형,정경일 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

콘크리트 구조물이 대형화됨에 따라 설계단면이 증대되어 상대적으로 많은 경제적 손실을 부담하게 된다. 따라서 단면을 감소시키면서도 소요의 하중에 안전한 구조물을 건설하기 위해서는 우선적으로 구조물 건설에 기초가 되는 고품질, 고내구성의 고강도 콘크리트 개발이 절실히 요구된다 본 연구에서는 일정 시멘트비 및 혼화재 비율하에서 소요의 워커빌리티가 확보되는 고강도 콘크리트를 시간과 온도의 변화에 따라 증기 양생하여, 압축, 인장, 휨강도 뿐만 아니라 파괴특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 시료 제작시 시멘트 입자 사이의 공극 및 불연속 영역을 충전하여 고밀도화하기 위한 콘크리트용 혼화재로 시멘트 비표면적이 상당히 작은 초미립 분말인 실리카흄을 이용하였다. 또한 AE감수제 및 고성능 유동화제를 사용하여 혼화재의 첨가에 의하여 발생될 수 있는 워커빌리티의 감소를 방지하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 일정 양생 지속 시간하에서 온도의 증가에 따라 콘크리트의 압축, 인장 및 휨강도가 전반적으로 증가하였다. 동일하게 일정 온도하에서 양생 지속시간이 커짐에 따라 강도들이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 상대적으로 높은 온도와 긴 지속 양생 조건하에서 파괴에 대한 저항력이 크게 나타났다. The compressible, tensible, and flexibleresistance of the high strength concrete is analyzed by the experimentation in the present study. For the test, we cure several samples with the silica fume as a mixture being become dense the spaces between the particle of cement under the variation of both the temperature and the curing-interval. Then, the superplasticizer and the ezcon are also used to satisfy the required workability for construction. The compressible, tensible, and flexible resistances to a stress are increased as increasing the temperature and the time interval for the curing. Therefore it is concluded that the overal fractural and mechanical properties is improved by mixing the silica fume into the cement.