The expression patterns of RANKL and OPG in murine tooth eruption

Hwang, Kyung-Mun,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Hyun-Jung,,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

치아의 맹출은 치아기 (dental organ)와 치조골의 세포와 연관된 매우 복잡한 과정이다. 우선 치아 맹출이 일어나기 전에 파골세포가 치낭으로 집결하게 된다. 이러한 치낭의 역할은 파골세포와 조골세포의 상호작용으로 이루어 지는 골개조와 밀접한 관련이 있는데, 이는 치아 맹출과 연관된 많은 유전자들이 치낭에서 발현되기 때문이다. RANKL는 TNF ligand family로써 조골세포에 존재하며 파골세포의 형성 및 전구세포로 부터의 활성화를 유도한다. 이러한 RANKL은 OPG에 의해 그 작용이 억제되며 RANKL와 OPG의 상대적인 비율이 파골세포의 형성에 영향을 미친다. 또한 Runx2유전자의 변이는 조골세포의 분화와 활성에 차질을 가져오고 결국 RANKL/OPG pathway를 통해 파골세포 형성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 치아의 발육 및 맹출에 미치는 RANKL 및 OPG의 영향을 알아보고 Runx2와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 in situ hybridization 방법으로 태생 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11일된 쥐의 하악 및 제1대구치를 사용하여 실험을 실시한 결과 RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 mRNA가 태생 1일부터 11일까지 치낭 및 치아주위조직에 특성있게 나타났다. 이중 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 RANKL 및 Runx2는 치아의 교합면측과 하방 치조골 부위의 발현이 강하게 나타난 반면 OPG는 약한 발현을 보였다. 이는 또한 파골세포의 활성부위를 알아보기 위해 TRAP염색을 실시하여 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 최대의 활성화를 나타낸 결과와 연광성 있게 나타났다. RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 특성있는 발현양상들을 종합해 볼 때, 치아 맹출은 치낭, 치아기, 치조골 사이의 상호 작용을 통해 이루어 지며, 이는 치낭이 치아 맹출에 있어서 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 이러한 유전자들 (RANKL, OPG, Runx2) 이 치아의 맹출에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves cells of the tooth organ and the surrounding alveolus. Osteoclast precursors must be recruited into the dental follicle prior to the onset of eruption. This function of dental follicle may be regarded as the ability of bone remodeling characterized by the interaction of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This is because tooth eruption is a localized event in which many of the genes required for eruption are expressed in the dental follicle. RANKL is a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the TNF ligand family, which is present on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, and induces osteoclast formation and activation from precursor cell. The biologic effect of RANKL is inhibited by OPG and, in bone, the relative ratio of RANKL and OPG modulates osteoclastogenesis. To evaluate the roles of RANKL and OPG in tooth eruption and the relations with the expression pattern of Runx2, in situ hybridization was performed with mandibles of mice at postnatal stage 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. mRNA of RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 are expressed in dental follicle and surrounding tissue from P1 to 11. To determine the sites of osteoclastic activity duing tooth eruption, mandibles were dissected. Peak osteoclastic activity in alveolar bone along the occlusal and basal regions was observed from P5 to 9, with osteoclasts in these regions being large and strongly TRAP-positive. The specific spatic-temporal expression patterns of RANKL, OPG and Runx2 in our study suggest that tooth eruption could be progressed through the interactions of molecular signaling among dental follicle, dental organ and alveolar bone, furthermore it means that dental follicle is quite important in tooth eruption. In addition, it indicates that these genes (RANKL, OPG, and Runx2) play critical roles in tooth eruption.

다량의 균일한 액적 제조를 위한 분리막 기반 미세유체 소자 시스템

장문배, 유진오, 염경호 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2013 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.27 No.2

In this study, we designed the microfluidic device system based on the separation membrane for generating monodisperse emulsion droplets with diameters ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. To generate fine droplets, T-junction and flow-focusing geometry are integrated into the microfluidic channel. Also put the membrane into the microfluidic device to make droplets effectively. PDMS devices can be easily, quickly, and inexpensively fabricated with superb resolution. However, PDMS devices are swelled other organic solvent. So we could produce droplets using fluorocarbon oil. The droplet size was controlled by adjusting the flow ratio between continuous phase flow and dispersed phase flow and also membrane pore size

목적관점 키즈카페의 공간특성

문자영;신경주 한양대학교 2012 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.32 No.1

As the need for a space where parents and children can get relaxed and spend their leisure time together is increasing, kids cafes which functions as a complex cultural space has appeared. Accordingly, this study examined the trend and settlement of the kids cafes and tried to classify types of kids cafes. From kids cafes which were located in Seoul after 2007, we selected 12 kids cafes by considering time of opened, scale and location of the kids cafe and etc. In this study, we first analyzed the pictures of the kids cafes and then classified by its characteristics and space organization. As a result, kids cafes can be classified in various types. When classified by its object, kids cafes can be classified as play strengthened, restaurant strengthened, education strengthened and complex cultural strengthened kids cafes. The spatial arrangement of kids cafes can be divided into play centered, cafe centered, parallel and separated kids cafes and among those, parallel kids cafes were the most popular type. Parallel kids cafes were most popular among restaurant strengthened and education strengthened kids cafes and cafe and play centered kids cafes were most popular in play strengthened and complex cultural strengthened kids cafes. From the characteristics of spatial arrangement, we learned that the space organization is different depend on the types of the kids cafe. Thus, parents should consider the purpose of the use of the kids cafes and the characteristics of kids cafes when choosing a kids cafes.

진해만 연안 퇴적물의 자성과 중금속에 대한 연구

문아윤,신경훈,석동우 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2004 이학기술연구지 Vol.7 No.

진해만 두 정점의 자기특성과 대자율의 비교를 바탕으로 하여 중금속 농도 변화가 자화강도 변화에 미치는 영향을 있는지를 살펴보았다 이를 위해 깊이에 따른 중금속 농도 변화 (산화환원 환경) 그리고 유기물' 의 함량을 조사하였다 본 연구에서는 5가지의 중금속(Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn)의 농도가 측정되었으며, 자화강도와 중금속의 농도 변화는 대체적으로 유사한 경향을 나타내었고, 산화환원환경에서 각각 중금속과 자화강도의 상관성이 다르게 나타났다. 산화환경에서는 반대되는 경향을 보이고, 환원환경에서는 비슷한 상관성을 나타낸다. 총유기물(TOM)과 대자율을 비교해 보면 두 정점의 유기물 농도가 다르게 나타나며, 산화환경에서 반대되는 경향성을 나타내고, 환원환경에서 비슷한 경향을 보인다. 이것은 산화환원 환경에 따라 유기물 함량과 중금속 의 존재형이 변화하므로 서로 연관성이 있다고 생각된다. The impact of heavy metal concentrations on magnetization compared to magnetic susceptibility is investigated by the measurements of heavy metals (redox change) and organic matter contents in the sediment core samples at two stations of the Jinhai Bay. In the present study, five heavy metals (Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn) concentrations were determined, and indicated generally similar trends with the corresponding magnetization. The relationship between heavy metal concentration and magnetization depend on redox-environmental conditions, showing negative correlation under the oxidation environment and positive correlation under reduction environment, respectively. Comparing total organic matter content with magnetic susceptibility, organic matter contents at both stations are different, and showed a opposite trend against magnetic susceptibility in oxidation parts, and a similar pattern in reduction parts. These results demonstrate that both organic matter contents and heavy metal speciation are influenced by redox-condition.

수치지도의 작성과 이용에 관한 연구

문두열,박경환 東義大學校産業技術開發硏究所 1998 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

In this study, I intend to suggest a scheme for the efficient administration of the urban infrastructure facilities, I propose a program to manage the ueban-related information more efficiently and to establish a more advanced system od database, by drawing up Digital Map using standard type to set up database. A scheme for geography is proposed, which can manage and maintain the facility, also modify, edit and output the attribute information of facility such as urban-planning. The topography, aerial photogrammetry map, and urban planning map of the concerned region can be got. Using them, the readjustment area and its height can be figured out based on the Digital Terrain Model. Also algorithm of trapezoidal formular should provide a better accuracy than simpson formular to earthwork volume in use.

부식산의 광촉매 산화 공정에 도입된 여러 종류이 상용 TiO₂비교연구

문경숙,김다희,이동석 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 産業技術硏究 Vol.21 No.B

In this study, the effects of crystalinity, composition and particle size of TiO2 catalysts on the degradations of humic acid in aqueous solution was assessed using the commercially avaliable TiO2 particles. Photocatalytic oxidations of humid acid (HA, Aldrich Co.) solution were carried out in case of adding different types of TiO2 catalysts and their decomposition efficiencies were analyzed with respect to pH, DOC and UV absorbances values for the HA solutions and compared one another. The experimental results showed that TiO2 particles(Degussa P-25) mixed with anataze and rutile gave the highest degradation efficiencies, respectively and much lower degradation efficiency in TiO2 paticles of rutile only type. In comparing among ST series of anataze types, it was observed that the degradation efficiencies generally were increased with increasing TiO2 contents and surface area of the particles. Higher degradation efficiency of HA was also found in zeolite type(D-TZ) of TiO2 paticles compared with hydroxyapatite type (D-TH) of TiO2 particles.

노즐직경이 디젤분무의 분산과정에 미치는 영향

고경남,문창은,허종철 濟州大學校工科大學産業技術硏究所 1996 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.2

This experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effect of nozzle diameter on spray characteristics under the parameters of injection pressure and ambient pressure. The double flash method was used to visualize diesel sprays, and the results obtained in this study are as follows; The diesel spray is divided into smooth liquid core, disturbed liquid core and the chaotic region which is generated the droplets and the ligaments by spray overtaking. The transition point with spray tip velocity variation under the injection pressure of experimental rage in ambient pressure 3MPa is generated in earlier duration time as high spray pressure. Also, spray tip velocity is gradually decreased as the increase of the spray tip velocity.

UML를 토대로 한 객체지향 데이터베이스 스키마 설계

최문영,주경수 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2001 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.1

The final stop in this trip through the world of database design is the object-oriented schema. Mapping a UML data model to an object-oriented schema is straightforward, though there are as always a few issues to consider. Many issues arise because OODBMS vendors do not adhere to any schema definition standard. Other issues arise out of the ingerent nature of persistent object design, appearing in all OODBMS products and in the ODMG standard as well. Therefore, in this paper UML data model conversion by object-oriented schema study.

시각적 전(前) 펄스 억제 패러다임을 이용한 정신분열증 치료약물의 효과 검사 : 도파민 D₄수용기 차단제 L-745,870의 효과 부재 The lack of effects of a dopamine D₄receptor blocker L-745,870

김문수,김경만 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.12 No.1

전형적인 정신분열증 치료약물의 문제는 운동장애를 일으키는 부작용이 심각하다는 것이다. 따라서 그러한 부작용이 없는 약물을 개발하려는 노력이 집중적으로 이루어지고 있는데, 이를 위해서는 정신분열증 치료약물의 효과를 탐지하는 도구의 유용성이 중요성을 가진다. 그런 도구 중 하나로 정신분열증의 주의집중장애에 대한 중요한 동물모델의 하나인 전펄스 억제(prepulse inhibition; PPI) 패러다임이 있는데, 지금까지는 주로 청각적 전펄스가 사용되어 왔다. 따라서 이 패러다임의 일반성을 확증하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 시각자극을 전펄스로 사용하였다. 그 결과, 정신분열증 환자들이 나타내는 것과 같은 PPI의 결손을 도파민 효능제인 apomorphine이 유발할 수 있었고, 이러한 PPI의 결손 효과는 전형적인 정신분열증 치료약물인 haloperidol에 의해 방지될 수 있었다. 도파민 D_(4) 수용기만을 차단하는 약물이 운동장애란 부작용을 일으키지 않으면서 정신분열증 치료효과가 있을 것이라는 주장이 많이 제기되었는데, 본 연구에서는 apomorphine으로 인한 PPI의 결손이 도파민 D_(4) 수용기 차단제인 L-745,870에 의해서는 방지되지 않음이 발견되었다. 이는 도파민 D_(4) 수용기만을 차단하는 약물은 정신분열증 치료효과가 없을 가능성을 지지한다. The problem with typical antipsychotics have been that they induce motor side effects. Therefore, efforts have been focused on developing drugs without such side effects. The prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle reflex is one of the paradigms used for screening antipsychotics, since PPI is reduced in schizophrenia patients and this PPI deficits can be induced in rats by injecting dopamine agonists. Until now, most studies with this paradigm have used only auditory prepulse stimuli. To ensure the generality of this paradigm, this study used a visual prepulse stimulus and showed that a dopamine agonist, apomorphine, dose-dependently blocks the PPI in rats (Experiment 1). This PPI deficits induced by apomorphine was blocked by typical antipsychotic, haloperidol (Experiment 2). Finally, the hypothesis that dopamine D_(4) receptor is preferentially involved in mediating the antipsychotic effects of drugs was examined by using a selective D_(4) receptor blocker, L-745,870. The results showed that L-745,870 did not block the effects of apomorphine (Experiment 3).

스포츠센터 회원의 생활양식, 참여종목과 참여 촉진 요인의 관계

김경호,주석범,박순문 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

This study is to investigate the relations with the factors like life style, participation event, and participation promotion of the members at the sports center. For investigating that, as an object for research, this study is to select the adults above 20 years old who make use of the sports center in Ilsan area in 2003 as a population. Then it is to write the sampling frame work by using the stratified cluster random sampling. After that, it is to utilize the 360 persons except for the 40 sheets of questionnaire with double entry and insincerity and without the reliability in the real analysis after the distribution of the questionnaire. As survey instruments, it is to utilize the questionnaire that the Plumer(1974) developed and that Sim Jae Seung(1998) reconstructed in order to measure the life style. As for the factor of participation promotion, this study is to utilize the desire of leisure that Kim Young Ho(1995) adapted and developed the physical desire and efficiency variable in the development model for Korean-styled leisure diagnosis instruments, and utilize the reconstructed items as Kim Hong Sik(2002)'s factor of participation promotion that used after the Ryu Byeong Ryeol(1997) adapted the scale of recognized leisure capacity and the physical activity attitudes that produced by British Columbia Ministry of Health(1991). For the data analysis, the statistical analysis was executed as one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis and ANCOVA. The conclusions from the data analysis according to the methods and procedures like above are as follows. First, there arose differences partly in the factors like the life style, participation event, and participation promotion according to the demographical characteristics. Second, as for the life style of the members at the sports center, it made affect on the factor of participation promotion partly. Third, there arose differences in the factor of participation promotion partly according to the participation event of the members at the sports center.