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TRUNK MUSCLE FORCE AND FOLLOWER LOAD ON LUMBAR SPINE USING OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE
Kyuyoung Bae,Kwang-Hee Lee,Soon-Chang Park,Seok-Jo Yang 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5
The concept of the follower load was introduced in the field of biomechanics to explain how the stability of the human spine could be maintained under body weight. Ex-vivo experiments show lumbar spine buckles at 80-100 N but actually it endures 20 times ex-vivo compression. Differences between ex-vivo and in-vivo have not been satisfactorily explained. But about the follower load concept, we suppose that the muscles are involved with load path. Although the large number of studies have made on lumbar spine stability by the trunk muscles, little is known about what muscles activate. Because muscles are very complex and rarely well defined, the study of trunk muscles in the spine stability with the follower load has been restricted, only to 2-D region. The purpose of this study is to prospect the magnitude of truck muscle force and follower load with the optimization technique at 3-D region. Most muscles are to be zero while some muscles (mostly, short muscles) are activated.
Genetic Role of BDNF Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR Polymorphisms on Depressive Disorder
KyuYoung Lee,SeongHoon Jeong,SeHyun Kim,YongMin Ahn,YongSik Kim,HeeYeon Jung,YangWeon Bang,EunJeong Joo 대한신경정신의학회 2004 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.1 No.2
Objective-We investigated possible association between depressive disorders and BDNF Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene are promising candidate genes for depressive disorders. It has been suggested that BDNF promotes the survival and differentiation of serotonergic neurons and that serotonergic transmission exerts powerful control over BDNF gene expression. Methods-Final analyses were performed on 186 patients with depressive disorders and 1032 controls. Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF gene and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of serotonin transporter gene were genotyped and allele and genotypic associations on the diagnosis of depression and age at onset of depression were analyzed. Results-The 5-HTTLPR was positively associated with depressive affected status in the total sample and in females (p=0.038 for allelewise, p=0.015 for genotype-wise associations), but, not in males. The BDNF Val66Met showed no association with depression. BDNF Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR alone were not associated with age at onset of depression. Additional analysis on the interaction between BDNF Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR found a significant association with age at onset of depression in the entire patient group. This association was also found in the female but not in the male patient group. None of the positive results survived Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Conclusion-This result suggested that BDNF Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR may contribute to depressive disorders in a complex way and that the genetic effect could differ by gender. Further studies with large number of patients will be necessary.
Residential Location Choice Model with Nonwork Trips
Cho, Kyuyoung 안양대학교 산업기술연구소 1998 自然科學硏究 Vol.5 No.2
Nonwork trips have been neglected in most urban location choice models regardless of theirs rapidly increasing portion of total trips. In this paper, several ways to incoporate nonwork trips in the residential loaction choice have been explored. Those are; 1) based on the traditional residential location model (utility maximization); 2) with fixed locations of trip destinations; 3) with various goods, multiple shopping centers, and multiple employment centers; and then 4) with trip chains. Finally, some suggestions for a general equilibrium model are included.
Kim, Kyuyoung,Park, Jaeho,Suh, Ji-hoon,Kim, Minseong,Jeong, Yongrok,Park, Inkyu Elsevier 2017 Sensors and actuators. A Physical Vol.263 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We developed a new method to directly fabricate 3D multiaxial force sensor using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing of functionalized nanocomposite filaments. Here, 3D cubic cross shaped force sensor is suggested to measure the forces from three axes (x, y and z). The sensor has two components – a structural part and a sensing part – both of which are concurrently fabricated by 3D printing with different functional filaments. The structural part is printed with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament and the sensing part is printed with carbon nanotube (CNT)/TPU nanocomposite filament with a piezoresistivity on the surface of the structural part. The resistances of the sensing part are measured in three axial directions; R<SUB>x</SUB>, R<SUB>y</SUB>, and R<SUB>z</SUB> and the force applied on each axis is measured by the resistance change. The 3D-printed multiaxial force sensor could detect the sub-millimeter scale deflection and its corresponding force on each axis. According to the sensing principle, when F<SUB>z</SUB> =4N was applied, R<SUB>z</SUB> was decreased by 2% while only 0.2% resistance change of R<SUB>y</SUB> was induced. In addition, a simultaneous resistance measurement system was developed for a real-time force sensing in three axes. With its customizability, rapid manufacturing, and economic feasibility, this manufacturing approach allows direct fabrication of multiaxial sensors without additional assembly or integration processes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> FDM 3D printing of carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite. </LI> <LI> Monolithic manufacturing process of multiaxial force sensors (Fx, Fy, and Fz). </LI> <LI> 3D cross cubic structure is proposed for multiaxial force sensing. </LI> <LI> High sensitivity to small forces by using a piezoresistivity. </LI> </UL> </P>