Hepatic Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck(Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus(WHV)

Kyu-shik Jeong,정원일,Jae-yong Chung,Mi-young An,Chae-yong Jung,Gyoung-jae Lee,Jong-soo Kang,Byeong-cheol Kang,Young-heun Jee,Bruce H Williams,Young-oh Kwon,Da-hee Jeong 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck (Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV)Da-hee Jeong, Won-il Jeong, Jae-yong Chung, Mi-young An, Chae-yong Jung, Gyoung-jae Lee1, Jong-soo Kang1, Byeong-cheol Kang2, Young-heun Jee3, Bruce H Williams4, Young-oh Kwon5 and Kyu-shik Jeong*College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea1Shinwon Scientific Co., LTD, Research Institute, Suwon, Korea2Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea3College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea

시는 "기술"인가 "신적 영감"인가? -플라톤의 『이온』에 나타난 소크라테스와 이온의 논전을 중심으로-

박규철 ( Kyu Cheol Park ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2012 인문학연구 Vol.39 No.1

『이온』에서 소크라테스는 음유시인 이온의 성공이 기술에 근거한 것이 아님을 그를 상대로 한 대인논증을 통하여 논증한다. 이 때 그가 전제하는 원리는 기술과 대상 간의 일대일 대웅원리다. 제1부(530a-532c)에서 이온은 자신이 호메로스 시에 정통함을 자랑한다. 그런데 소크라테스는 그가 호메로스 시에 관한 전문가임을 자랑하려면, 보편적으로 적용 가능한 기술을 소유하고 있어야 함을 주장한다. 하지만 소크라테스가 보기에 그는 보편적으로 적용 가능한 시에 관한 기술을 전혀 소유하지 못하였다. 그의 성공은 기술에 근거한 것이 아닌 것이다. 제2부(532d-535a)에서, 소크라테스는 시인들과 음유시인을 움직이게 하는 힘은 기술이나 지식이 아니라 신적인 힘임을 강조한다. 소크라테스는 시인과 음유시인이 지닌 신적 영감을 설명하기 위해 ``자석의 비유``를 도입한다. 마치 큰 자석이 주변에 있는 모든 쇠 반지들을 끌어당기듯이, 신적 영감의 원천인 무사 여신들은 시인들과 음유시인들을 연쇄적으로 끌어당긴다. 그리하여 무사 여신들의 신적인 힘은 우선적으로 시인들에게 전달되고, 그들의 힘은 음유시인에게 전달되며, 음유시인의 힘은 시를 듣는 청중에게까지 전달되는 것이다. 이러한 일련의 연쇄과정을 통하여, 소크라테스는 이온의 능력이 기술이나 지식에 근거해 있는 것이 아니라 신적인 힘에 의존해 있음을 주장한다. 이런 점에서 시인이나 음유시인이 지닌 힘은 예언자나 점쟁이가 지닌 힘과 유사하다. 제3부(535b-542b)에서, 소크라테스는 음유시인 이온을 신적 섭리 또는 신적 광기의 지배를 받는 사람으로 규정한다. 기술과 신적 섭리 개념 간의 명확한 대비 속에서, 소크라테스는 이온에 대한 비판을 마무리한다. 이 때 그가 전제하는 원리는 기술과 대상 간의 일대일 대응원리이다. 소크라테스가 보기에, 모든 기술에는 어떤 특정한 일을 할 수 있는 능력이 있으며, 그 각각의 기술에는 그것과 연관된 고유한 대상이 있다. 기술이 다를 경우 대상 또한 달라지며, 그 역 또한 마찬가지이다. 이처럼 소크라테스는 기술과 대상 간의 일대일 대응원리에 입각해 이온의 지닌 기술적·지적 한계를 비판한다. 결론적으로, 소크라테스는 『이온』에서 시인과 음유시인에 대한 비판을 통하여 아테네 사회에서 호메로스로 대표되는 시인이 가진 사회적·정치적 영향력을 문제 삼는다. 그리고 시인들이 가졌던 아테네 청년들에 대한 교육의 주도권을 전문가인 철학자에게 돌려주려 한다. 『변론』에서 시작된 플라톤의 이러한 문제의식은 『국가』에 가서야 온전히 드러나는 그런 사상이지만, 우리는 『이온』에서 미약하나마 그 기본 구도를 볼 수 있는 것이다. Is Poetry techne or the Divine Inspiration? -Focused on the controversy between Socrates and Ion in Plato`s Ion - Park, Kyu-Cheol(ACTS) This study aims to analyze the concept of techne and the nature of poetic inspiration through the conversation with Socrates and Ion in Plato`s Ion. In addition, it demonstrates to prove that Ion has no techne, but is like a soothsayer or prophet in being divinely possessed. Socrates`s argumentation is ad hominem against Ion. In section Ⅰ(530a-532c), Socrates claimed that the success of Ion as a rhapsode was not based on techne. In this regard, his presuppositions follow the principle follow of a one-to-one mapping between techne and subject matter. Firstly, Ion has his self-confidence in that he is an authentic poet of Homer. However, Socrates insists that he should have possessed universally applying to knowledge in order to be proud as an expert on epics of Homer. But, as Socrates judged, Ion has commonly do have much less technical knowledge than the expert. After all, his success is not based on techne. In section Ⅱ(532d-535a), Socrates emphasis the fact that the power to make poet and rhapsode to move is not art or knowledge but ``divine influence``(theia dynamis, 534c). At first, Socrates introduced ``the famous image of the magnet`` to explain divine inspiration that poet and rhapsode have. As if the magnetic stones pull out all iron rings around it, Muse who is source of divine inspiration attracts poet and rhapsode continuously. Therefore, divine inspiration of Muse delivered to poet preferentially and their power delivered to rhapsode and then power of rhapsode finally delivered to audiences who is listening poem. Through above serial process, Socrates insists that Ion`s ability is not based on techne or episteme but relied on divine power. At this point of view, the power that poet and rhapsode possessed is similar to the power that prophets or a soothsayer or prophet have. In section Ⅱ(532d-535a), Socrates emphasized the fact that the power to make poets and rhapsodes frenzied is not art or knowledge but ``divine influence``(theia dynamis, 534c). At first, Socrates introduced ``the famous image of the magnet`` to explain divine inspiration that poets and rhapsodes have. As if magnetic stones pull out all iron rings around it, Muse, as a sourceful god of divine inspiration incessantly attracts the poets and rhapsodes. Therefore, the divine inspiration of Muse preferentially conveys to poets and their power delivers to rhapsodes and finally to audiences who is listening the poems. Based on these processes, Socrates argues that Ion`s talent is not originated from techne or episteme but from the divine power. Therefore it can be construed that the ability of poets and rhapsodes is similar to that of prophets or soothsayers. In section Ⅲ(535b-542b), Socrates described the rhapsode, Ion was frenzied by ``divine dispensation``(theia moira, 536d) or divine madness. As Socrates ends up with criticism on Ion in a sharp contrast between art and divine dispensation, he concludes that every techne has an ability to perform particular kinds of task since each art has an intrinsic object linked to techne. Thus, if techne is different, subject matter will be different too. As aforementioned above, Socrates restricts the divine dispensation that Ion possessed based on one-to-one mapping between techne and its subject matter. In conclusion, Socrates fundamentally caused social and educational roles of poets rooted from Homer in Athens Society into question in terms of criticism on poets and rhapsodes in Ion. Moreover, he tried to return the initial goal for education on young men of Athenian to philosopher from poet. Among the developmental process of forming Plato`s criticical arguments, Ion was ranked a intermediate position between Apology and Republic.

2,4-D 處理가 'Harcot' 살구와 '美白' 복숭아의 果實 成熟과 品質에 미치는 影響

윤철구,김영호,임상철,김학현,이철희,최관순,김선규 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 農業科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

Effect of 2,4- D application on the fruit maturity and quality of 'Harcot' apricot and 'Mibaek' peach was examined. Leaf area of 'Harcot' apricot was not affected by 2,4-D while that of 'Mibaek' peach was increased by 35mg · L-1 2,4-D. Application of 2,4-D at 35mgㆍL-1 increased the fruit weight of both species, and that of 'Harcot' was doubled. Soluble solids content of 'Harcot' was decreased by 2,4-D while that of 'Mibaek' was not affected. Fruit maturity of 'Harcot' and 'Mibaek' was enhanced for respective 4 and 1 day by 2,4-D application. Percent fruit cracking of 'Harcot' apricot was decreased by 35mg · L-1 2,4-D.

지베렐린과 에세폰의 葉面撒布가 '美白' 복숭아의 熟期와 品質에 미치는 影響

김영호,윤철구,임상철,김학현,이철희,최관순,김선규 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 農業科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

In order to obtain the basic data for artificial maturity control of 'Mibaek' peach, GA and ethephon were foliar sprayed 4 weeks prior to harvest, and their effects on fruit maturity and quality were examined. GA and ethephon tended to decrease the fruit weight except 100mg ㆍ L-1 GA+50 to 100mg · L-1 ethephon treatment. GA increased the fruit firmness, and ethephon at higher concentration increased the fruit drop. Harvest date was advanced for 7 to 8 days by ethephon while was delayed for 6 to 8 days by GA treatment, regardless of concentration.

월악산 국립공원 내 금수산 일대의 식물상

양종철, 엄정애, 장창석, 장창기, 이철호, 김규식, 오병운 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 2006 自然科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

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양측 양성성대질환에 대한 연구

안철민,정덕희,한규철,박상준,이건영 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.7

석기암 및 그 인근지역에 분포하는 관속식물상과 주요 식생 현황

양종철, 엄정애, 장창석, 장창기, 이철호, 김규식, 오병운 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 2006 自然科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

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백운산(제천시) 일대의 식물상

양종철, 엄정애, 장창석, 장창기, 이철호, 김규식, 오병운 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 2006 自然科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

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장기증분원가의 산출과 활용에 관한 비판적 검토 : 통신산업의 사례 A Case of Telecommunication Industry

홍철규,안태식 대한경영학회 2003 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

Traditionally, regulators have relied on accounting-based historical costs for price regulation in regulated industries including telecommunications, electricity and gas. With the introduction of competition, however, the economic cost called 'long run incremental cost (LRIC)' is increasingly being adopted in these fields. This study critically analyses and discusses from the accounting and economics perspectives the 'standard cost model' which was recently developed to compute LRIC in the Korean telecommunications industry. A special attention is paid to the issues: assumptions about the degree of efficiency, departure from economic capital costs, errors on the limited utilisation of cost drivers and cost estimation, capacity costing and sensitivity, unbalanced burden of risk(real option). This cost model produces costs conceptually different from accounting costs. However, accounting scholars need to pay attention to the economic cost model as it is an important case where the abstract concept of an economic cost was applied to a real world situation. In addition, LRIC has relevance to strategic management accounting since LRIC is conceptually similar to the costs which new efficient entrants would incur and thus allows firms to understand their competitive positions. This study has also important implications for management accounting practitioners who are expected to provide cost information of the firm itself as well as outside information including regulatory environment, competitors' strategies, and new production processes and technologies etc.

木浦圈 金融制度의 發展過程에 관한 硏究

최만규,김철현 木浦大學校 福祉社會硏究所 1998 福祉社會硏究 Vol.1 No.-

A monetary company is an economic unit to create financial capital and to lend capital in case of necessity for various fields of industry. But this regional community is not provided with the circulating system of internal development because of the low income level, the meagemess of industrial system, and backwardness of financial capital. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to suggest some of the device to improve those problems by inspecting the cause relevant to developing process of financial system in Mokpo region after we generally survey of developing process of financial system in korea. The problems of financial system in Mokpo region are as follows : First, although the banking agencies of this region increase very much in number. The deposit is continuously on the decrease. This reflests backwardness of objec-economy and the weak realities of financial market in this region. Second, it suggests that the environmental condition of this regional economy trying to increase income of local people reflects unchangeability for almost eightneen years. The devices to activate financial industry of this region are as follows : First, above all, the functional nomalization of local banks based on this regional economy should be realized as soon as possible. Second, The external flow of financial capital must be prevented by rein-forcing independence of monetary company in this region. Third, the scale and the distribution of policy finance should be rationlly adjusted to harmonize with this regional condition.