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李慶雨,朴相用,李英哲 忠南大學校 1974 論文集 Vol.13 No.1
In a narrow sense, the history of Soviet(not Russia) literature could be divided into three periods; the pre-Social Realism era, Social Realism era, and post-Social Realism era to which the nomination of Communistic Realism era is appropriate. According to the view of Avrahm Yarmolinsky the third begins at the end of World War Ⅱ and continues up to now. As to the pre-Social Realism era there was nothing remarkable to be called literary theory until Social Realism was established and set in, some writers called proletarian writers. But we can not help admitting Social Sealism has lots of defects as literary theory in the light of modern structural poetia which the author derived from the poetical theory of I.A. Richards, William Emposon, Allen Tate so on, particulary from Cleanth Brooks. In the history of Soviet Literature 'Formalism' yielded a moment where Social Realism began to sprout, and promoted it's growth as a literary theory. Thus the argument in this parer should be begun with throwing light on what the nature of 'Formalism' is. 'Formalism' based it's ground on the theory of 'Trans-Sense Language', which resembles that of symbolism or new criticism as far as it concerns with poetical language as well as the structure of poetry. It is natural that Social Realism should have opposed to 'Formalism' because it relied on the logic of language, and it believed that logical language should be the unique means of communication for mass people Following 'Formalism' 'Factural Literature', which stands on so-called 'factography' in description, gave a energetic stimulation to the development of Social Realism, insisting that 'fiction is opum for people', hence, the death of fiction, which brought the simplification of reality and character, rejecting the exercises of imagination, even in making of poetry. Even the points mentioned above will be the suffieient evidences of Social Realism's destruction of poetry. But in addition to the movement of 'Factural Literature' Party required all the writrs should have clear, positive 'perspective' under which they have to measure out reality and character. In course of their adaptation of themselves to Party's demands it was inevitable that the poets should have so simplified both reality and character that they came to lack potentiality, reality abstracted and character typfied. This is the traits of Social Realism, and the concept of 'simplicity' has dominated throughout their poetry as well as fiction. Consequently the poets rejected the structural dimentions of poetry, which have been the vital aspect of modern poetry, the poet intending to grasp and understand reality and character as they are through the particulars, namely, concretes. Really the poets of Social Realism have neglected that the synthetic comprehension of reality and character suggested above distinguishes, in different level, poetry from all the other scienes. this is the points in which the auther critisize their poetry in terms of moderin structural poetica. In a word, the poetry of Social Realism has been debased entirely to the level of non poetry, and it has got to extremity in the era of Communistic Realim where the poetry has gone along the political doctrines of anti-cosmoplitanism. For Soviet people after World War Ⅱ anti-cosmopolitanism means their endeavours to be rid of European influences and superiorities all over their political, economical, or cultural fields. Indeed, after the end of World War Ⅱ Soviet Literature has been required to take the role of propaganda instrument more than any other times before. Poets, therefore, undoubtodly in the strict sense, has gone another direction from that of desirable literature. Are there not any policies to rescue their poetry out of the disastrous situation? This being questions to himself, the author attempted to suggest some ideas: First, in the light of modern structural poetica Soviet poets should correct their misunderstood views of reality, human-being and literature. That is, they should be aware that reality and man are intrinsically potential, not simple, and literature is not a species of science, whien resorted to, furnishes us with abstract knowledge, leading us immediately to action ,while literature makes us suspend our rushing up to action. Second, they should be also aware that above all poetry can not be confused with science in the same level, because, as Allen Tate or Cleanth Brooks insisted, it supplies us with the whole knowledge of things and reality as diagnosis, not prescription for remedy, meanwhile it should be pointed that the poets of Social Realism have regarded poetry as a species of science, it equipping us with abstract knowledg akin to prescription, this tendency of their opinion might be thought natural because the current ideology of Communism has been teated as their materials, not the eternal human agonies which are supposed to be the essential subject matters of free world poets, especially under modern structural poetica. Third, as the author pointed out, the poet treating agony as his theme-materials as they are, the poetry should be structural because the agony itself consists of opposite or discordent qualities, rather than the simple or parallel in the same level, this case also being true in the reality he lives in ,when the poet is proceeded to comprehend it as it is. In the light of the argument suggested above the poets of Social Realism should be more wise and open-minded to recognize that complexity(hence, structural aspects) has to take the place of simplicity in their poetry. Fourth, knowing the poets has intended to use poepry as a instrument to communicate their political ideology, reducing poetry to the level of science which grounded on clear, logical, so stereo-typed language for the statements, the author is able to affirm that these undesirable efforts of them should be ascribed to their failure to understand the nature of poetric language. Now is the time they should have the correct view of poetic languege which is grounded on modern structural poetica. They might think that the poetic language only depends on the logic of meaning, and is to illustrate something. But this view is mistake, because poetic language is primarily for poetry itself, and to illuminate (not illustrate) the inside of poetry itself as a new patterned reality created by the poet. Thus it is demanded that the poets of Social realism should be aware of the articulate power of the poetic language which works on the entirely different standard from the logical illustration of ordanary language they belilve as the language of poetry, and that the articuiate power is due to the musical gesture of the language, which the author derived from the views of Sussane K. Langer and R. P. Blackmur. As the conclusion of the author's argument it is to be elucidated to the poets under Socio-Communistic Realism that the poetry made in the view of poetic languag acknowledged here is expected to enjoy it's everlasting longevity.
組織培養에 의한 마늘의 Virus 無毒株 養成 및 增殖方法에 관한 硏究
李庚熙,金炳友,金鐘天,金龍基 건국대학교 1976 學術誌 Vol.20 No.2
In order to obtain virus-free garlic plants the experiments attempted to investigate beneficialy excisable segments for tissue culture, virus-free segments, and the method of propagation by means of tissue culture on the modified White's medium. Results of these studies are summarized as follows. 1.It is suggested that the growing point of bulbil was the best suitable for tissue culture as beneficialy excisable segment. 2.The viability of garlic plants by heat treatment was also good with 4 weeks treatment at 38 ± 1℃. 3.When bulb and bulbil were transplanted from NAA-free medium to the medium added with NAA, the medium added with 0.1-1.0 mg/l of NAA was most excellent. 4.It was found that low-temperature treatment for 4 weeks at 0-4℃ was essential for the continuous growth by dormancy breaking of the bulb formation plants while grown invitro.
최경남,정두용 건국대학교 1995 學術誌 Vol.39 No.2
This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical characteristics of the 80 women with ectopic pregnancies who were admitted to and treated at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University Hospital from January 1,1992 to October 31,1994. The main results were as follows . The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was one in thirty-nine deliveries(80/3097). The most frequent age group was in 30∼34 years of ages. According to age distribution, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy was highest(45.5%) in 40-44 age group. 33.7% of patients were nulliparas and, 70% of patients experienced artificial abortion. According to the past history, pelvic inflammatory disease was in 23.8%, laparoscopic tubal ligation was in 21.1% and previous operation was in 38.8%. On symptomatological analysis, lower abdominal pain was encountered in 95%, vaginal spotting or bleeding in 70%. The most frequent interval between last menstrual period and the onset of symptom was 7∼8 weeks in 58.8%. Hemoglobin value over 10.0 mg/dl was 77.5%, and below 7.0 gm/dl was 1.3%. Ectopic pregnancy was implanted on ampulla portion of tube in 91.3%, and 88.8% was ruptured. Urine hCG test was positive in 96.3% and culdocentesis was positive In 98.7%. Estimated blood loss into peritoneal cavity was less than 500 ml in 56.3% and 1500 ml or more in 2.5%. 46.3% of all cases were transfused.76.2% of ectopic pregnancies were treated by salpingectomy. Key word : Ectopic pregnancy
근관 충전재 및 치근단 역충전재의 방사선 불투과성에 관한 비교 연구
김용상,김서경,황윤찬,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.2
This study was performed to assess the radiopacity of a variety of canal filling and retrograde root-end filling materials according to the specification concerning root canal obturation materials. Ten materials including Gutta-percha pellets, amalgam, Fuji II LC, Dyract^(ⓡ) AP, Super EBA^(ⓡ), IRM^(ⓡ) AH 26^(ⓡ), Sealapex™, Tubli-Seal™ and dentin were evaluated in this study In the first part, densitometric reading of an each step of aluminum step wedge on occlusal film were performed at 60 kVp (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 s), 70 kVp (0.2, 0.3, 0.33 s) to decide appropriate voltage and exposure time. In the second part, ten specimens which are 5 ㎜ in diameter and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 ㎜ in thickness, were fabricated from each material studied. The specimens were radiographed simultaneously with an aluminum step wedge under decided condition (60 kVp, 0.2 s). The mean radiographic density values of the materials were transformed into radiopacity expressed equivalent thickness of aluminum (㎜ Al). The following results were obtained. 1. Among the various conditions including 0.2 s, 0.3 s, 0.4 s at 60 kVp and 0.2 s, 0.3 s, 0.33 s at 70 kVp, the appropriate voltage and exposure time that meet the requirement of density from 0.5 to 2.0 was 0.2 s at 60 kVp. 2. All of the materials in this study had greater radiopacity than the minimun level recommended by ISO No. 4049 standards. 3. Most of the materials had greater radiopacity than 3 ㎜ Al requirement of ANSI/ADA specification No. 57 (2000) and ISO No. 6876 (2001) standards except for Fuji II LC and Dyract. It suggests that all experimental canal filling and retrograde root-end filling materials have a Sufficient radiopacity that meet the requirement concerning root canal obturation materials except for Fuji II LC and Dyract. 본 실험에서는 다양한 방사선 노출 조건에 따른 aluminum step wedge에 대한 광학 밀도를 알아보고, 그 중 적절한 노출조건을 선택하여 수종의 근관 충전재와 치근단 역충전재의 방사선 불투과성 정도를 굉가, 비교하였다. 방사선 불투과성의 기준을 위해 11개의 step으로 구성된 aluminum step wedge를 제작하여 , 60 kVp, 70 kVp 관전압 상태에서 각각 0.2. 0.3, 0.4초와 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초의 노출시간으로 교합 필름상에서 방사선 촬영 후 적절한 노출 조건을 구하였다. 직경 5 ㎜,각각의 두께 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 ㎜인 10종 (Gutta-percha, amalgam, Super EBA^(ⓡ), MTA, IRM^(ⓡ), Fuji II LC, Dyract^(ⓡ) AP, AH 26^(ⓡ), Sealapex^(ⓡ), Tubli-Sea™의 근관 충전재와 치근단 역충전재 시편을 각 재료와 두께당 10개씩 제작한 후, 동일한 두께의 상아질 시편 , aluminum step wedge와 함께 정해진 노출조건에 따라 방사선 촬영을 하였다. 모든 필름은 자동현상기로 현상하였다. 시편의 흑화도를 densitometer (Model 07-443, Victoreen Inc, Cleveland, Ohio, USA)로 5회 반복 측정 후, 평균값을 구하여 회귀분석 후 알루미늄 두께로 환산하였다. 얻어진 정보를 분석하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 관전압 60 kVp에서 노출시간 0.2, 0.3, 0.4초, 70 kVp에서 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초로 변화를 주어 방사선 촬영을 하였을 때, 흑화도가 0.5 - 2.5 사이여야 한다는 ISO No. 6876 규격에 가장 적합한 것은 60 kVp, 0.2초일 경우였다. 2.측정된 근관 충전재와 치근단 역충전재들의 방사선 불투과성 모두 ISO No. 4049 규격에 적합하였다. 3.광중합형 글래스 아이오노머 (Fuji II LC)와 컴포머 (Dyract)를 제외하고는 ANSI/ADA specification (2000) 또는 ISO No. 6876 (2001)규격이 제시한 최소한 3 ㎜ Al 이상의 방사선 불투과성을 지녀야 한다는 규격에 적합하였다. 이상의 결과는 본 실험에 사용된 수종의 근관 충전재와 치근단 역충전재 중 Fuji Ⅱ LC와 Dyract를 제외하고 모두 규격에 적합한 방사선 불투과성을 가지고 있음을 시사한다.
Ink-foot Print를 이용한 성인편마비의 보행특성에 관한 연구
황병용,민경옥 용인대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 自然科學硏究所論文誌 Vol.1 No.1
The purpose of this study was to survey the characteristics of gait in adult hemiplegia. All 40 subjects were tested for differences in 6 aspects of the gait. Velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, foot angle and base of support were recorded for 40 subjects with adult hemiplegia. Each subject was tested twice. This study used the ink foot-print, one of several temporal distance measures of gait performance. The results of the study were that 1) all 3 walking levels showed lower than normal values in all gait characteristics, 2) the 3 variables studied all showed better scores(velocity: 25.0 cm/sec faster ; stride in the non-paretic leg: 14.5cm longer ; foot angle in the paretic leg: 2.9˚ smaller) the independent ambulation group rather than the patient group with mono cane, 3) the subject with mono cane had higher values than the subject with quad cane in the mean gait velocity and mean gait cadence were 15.3 cm/sec faster and 21.4 step/min more. These results show that the patient with independent ambulation had highest values among the all groups and also provide some guidance for identifying appropriate targets for treatment intervention with adult hemiplegia.
최성용,이주형,임홍범,윤경구 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2003 産業技術硏究 Vol.23 No.A
The properties of mechanics and durability of LMC have been performed actively. However. little studies on analysis and properties of thermal expansion has been on the temperature variation. Especially. the low of bonding strength and tensile cracking are caused by difference of thermal expansion between LMC and the substrate concrete Therefore, this study focused on effect of thermal expansion behavior and properties of LMC according to temperature variation. To identify the property of thermal expansion of LMC. tests of modulus of thermal expansion were carried out at 28 days after casting specimen. subjected to temperature variation between 10℃ and 60℃ The results of this study showed the modulus of elastic of LMC was similar to that of ordinary portland concrete(OPC) It means that stresses caused by difference of modulus of elastic did not occur on interface between LMC and existing concrete The modulus of thermal expansion of LMC had a little smaller than that of OPC The modulus of thermal expansion of polymer modified concrete is generally larger than OPC. but the result of this test IS disagree with the fact. which may be due to the humidity evaporation difference and aggregate properties
정원경,김용곤,김기헌,윤경구 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.B
Since in 1970, the length of concrete pavements(JCP, JRCP and CRCP) are growing rapidly at both of main highways and local roads. Many of them are deteriorated and old enough to be repaired or replaced. The pavement is more important than the other infrastructures and it is very difficult to go around or block the traffic during the rehabilitation. The very-early strength latex-modified concrete(VES-LMC)may offer the advantages of high-early-strength, higher flexural strength, higher bond strength, and improved durability. The VES-LMC could be used at a kind of fast track ofr early opening to the traffic after 3 hours of concrete placement. The installation of VES-LMC overlay at Jung-Boo highway was successfully done from April 28 to 29, 2005. The traffic was closed at 07:00 PM and opened to traffic at 08:30 AM. The compressive and flexural strength of VES-MC were more than 28MPa, 6.2MPa after 4 hours, respectively.
심장수술이 심전도에 미치는 영향 : Ⅰ. 개방성동맥관 수술 52례 Report of 52 Cases
이영균,정경원,유세영,손광현,김종환,서경필 최신의학사 1970 最新醫學 Vol.13 No.3
Fifty-two cases of patent ductus arteriosus were operated on, consisting of 32 females and 20 males. The youngest was 10 month old girl and the oldest 38 years old woman. Severe pulmonary hypertension of 110mmHg was found in two cases, both of which succumbed, one during surgery due to cardiac arrest and the other died one week after operation. In the later case severe tracho-bronchial tree obstruction was found by autopsy. One and a half years old girl expired 3 days after operation. By autopsy bronchopneumonia was found. A fourteen years old girl died of bacterial endocarditis one month after discharge from the hospital. Two cases associated with pulmonary hypertension and an adult were operated on under general hypothermia. All the survival cases showed satisfactory results.