小白山 森林構造에 關한 硏究(Ⅰ) : 海拔高에 따른 泉洞溪谷의 植生構造를 中心으로

辛壽哲,金昌浩,朴敎秀 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1993 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.3

Cheon­Dong valley forest, bearing a cool­temperature, broadleaf­deciduous forest zone, ranging from 500m to 1200m by elevation in Mt. Sobeak National Park area was investigated for forest vegetation structure research. Ten plots of 1000㎡ size set up by the clumped sampling method and Classification and Polar Ordination were applied for vegetation structure analysis by environmental gradient the flora of the vascular plants collected from this investigated area were 32 families, 35 genera, 42 species and 3 varieties. Ranging from 500m to 1200m to elevation, Number of species, Number of individuals and Species diversity showed their highest values at 900m elevation respectively. And with increasing altitude those all values showed a tendency decreasing gradually. According to the Importance Value the leading dominant tree species in canopy layer were Styrax obassia, Quercus variabilis, Q. aliena, Carpinus codata while Lindera obtusiloba, Lespedeza bicolor were in understory at low elevation, ranging from 500m to 900m. Ant at high elevation area, ranging from 900m to 1200m, the leading dominant species were Q. monglica, Q. acutisima, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Cornus controversa, Acer pseudo­sieboldianum, Fraxinus mandshurica, n canopy layer while Deuzia paviflora, Pinus laxiflora were in understory. The result from Classification and Polar Ordination analysis, they showed similarity that the forest vegetation of Sobeak valley area was classified into two sub­communities, one is Q. mongolica, Styrux obassia―Styrux obassia, Q. aliena, Carpinus codata―Styrux obassia, Lespedeza bicolor community and the other is Q. variabilia, Q. acutisima―Acer mono, Fruxinus rhynchophylla―Deutzia parviflora, Lindera obtusiloba community and the major environmental factors were considered to be the difference of altitude and the conditions of soil pH. The successional trends of tree species will be from Q. variabilis, Q. acutisima through Acer pseudo­sieboldianum, Fraxinus rhynchophylla to Carpinus codata at high elevation area, ranging from 900m to 1200m, and from Q. mongolica, Styrax obassia through Styrax obassia, Q aliena to Carpinus codata at low elevation area, ranging from 500m to 900m.

결찰양식이 교정용 브라켓과 교정선 사이의 마찰력에 미치는 영향

신현정,권오원,김교한 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.5

마찰력은 치아이동시 활주이동부에 유해한 인자로 인식되어져 왔으나 치아이동에 저항하는 고정원에 있어서는 유리한 인자로 받아들여질 수 있다. 즉 마찰력이 작은 결찰법들을 이용하여 효과적인 치아이동을 도모하는 반면 마찰력이 큰 결찰법들을 이용하여 브라켓의 걸림에 의해 치아이동이 거의 일어나지 않게 하면 고정원을 강화할 수 있다. 인공타액하에서 시간경과에 따른 교정선과 브라켓 사이의 마찰력 변화, 탄성 모듈과 스테인레스 강 결찰선을 이용하여 각각 결찰양식을 달리 하였을 때의 마찰력 변화 그리고 결찰재의 내료를 달리 하였을 때의 마찰력 변화를 알아보기 위하여 .018" ×.025" 슬롯의 상악 중절치용 standard edgewise twin 브라켓과 .017" ×.022" 스테인레스 강 교정선을 탄성 모듈, .009" 스테인레스 강 결찰선 그리고 .012" 스테인레스 강 결찰선을 이용하여 다양하게 결찰하였다. 또한 통상적인 방법으로 결찰한 탄성 모듈 결찰군을 결찰 직후와 1주 간격으로 4주간 마찰력을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. ·탄성 모듈 whole tie시 시간경과에 따른 마찰력은 4주 경과시 가장 높았으나 3주, 2주, 1주, 결찰 직후간에는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). ·탄성 모듈로 결찰시 마찰력은 twisting tie가 가장 높았고 double overlay tie, whole tie, half tie 순으로 나타났으나 twisting tie와 double overlay tie 간에는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). ·스테인레스 강 결찰선으로 결찰시 half tie 군이 whole tie 군보다 낮은 마찰력을 보였으며 ligature tying plier로 결찰한 경우가 needle holder로 결찰한 경우보다 더 높았고 .012" 결찰선을 이용한 경우가 .009" 결찰선을 이용한 경우보다 더 높았다(P<0.05). ·통상적인 방법으로 탄성 모듈과 스테인레스 강 결찰선을 이용하여 결찰한 경우 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). The frictional force has been considered as an harmful factor in an active unit where tooth movement occurs, but as an advantageous factor in anchor unit that resist tooth movement. That is, efficient tooth movement is planned by using ligation methods that have low levels of bracket-wire frictional force and the anchorage control can be achieved by using ligation methods that have high levels of bracket-wire frictional force that result in binding of the bracket accompanied by little or no tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frictional force generated between bracket and wire in accordance with the methods of ligation, the material of ligation and the passage of time under artificial saliva. Tested were 0.017×0.022inch stainless steel wires in standard edgewise twin brackets for upper central incisors in a 0.018-inch slot. The wires were ligated into the brackets with elastomeric modules and stainless steel ligatures. Whole tie, half tie, twisting tie and double overlay tie were done with elastomeric modules. With 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature whole tie and half tie were done by needle holder and whole tie by ligature tying plier. With 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature whole ties were done by needle holder. Whole tie groups of elastomeric module were kept in artificial saliva bath at 37℃ for 28 days. The frictional force was recorded by means of an Instron universial testing instrument (4202 INSTRON, Instron Co., U.S.A.) at initial, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results for ligated samples in a simulated oral environment revealed the following: ·In elastomeric module whole tie, 28days group was significantly greater mean static frictional force than any other group but there were no significant differences among any other group (p>0.05). ·Elastomeric module twisting tie were significantly greater mean static frictional forces than any other ligation method but there were no significant differences between twisting tie and double overlay tie(p>0.05). Twisting tie, double overlay tie, whole tie, half tie showed differences in decreasing order. ·Stainless steel half tie produced lower mean static frictional force than whole tie, ligature tying plier produced greater mean static frictional force than by needle holder and ligation with 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature produced greater mean static frictional force than with 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature (p<0.05). ·There were no significant differences between the mean static frictional forces of elastomeric whole tie and stainless steel whole tie (p>0.05).

요추간판탈출증에서 현미경 수술과 경피적 자동수핵제거술에 대한 비교연구

신원한,장재칠,주교성,김범태,최순관,변박장 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.1

A retrospective study of operative results were carried out in a series of 164 patients who were performed microdiscectomy and 57 patients performed automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy (APLD) for herniated lumbar discs between January 1, 1990 and June 30, 1996 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital. The operative results were analysed, and the correlation between preoperative clinicoradiological factors and postoperative clinical results were statistically assessed. The major results were as follows : 1. Of 164 microdiscectomy cases, 102 were males and 62 were females, mean age was 42.4 years and incidence was the highest in the 5th decade, and of 57 APLD cases, 43 were male and 14 female, mean age was 32.2 years and incidence was the highest in the 3rd decade. 2. The preoperative symptoms and signs were lumbago(98.2%), radiating pain(96.3%), positive straight leg raising test(77.4%), motor weakness(27.4%), claudication(13.4%) & voiding difficulty(2.4%) in microdiscectomy cases, and lumbago(98.2%), radiating pain(98.2%), positive straight leg raising test(70.2%) & motor weakness(17.5%) in APLD cases. 3. Number of operated levels were performed 226 in microdiscectomy and 74 in APLD. The most commonly operated levels of two groups were L4-5 level. 4. Operative results 1) The overall success rates by Prolo's scale were 87.1% in microdiscectomy and 80.7% in APLD, respectively. 2) In younger age group (below 30 years) and in non-compensatory group, success rates were significantly higher in microdiscectomy. 3) As to protrusion and degeneration on MRI, clinical results of moderate protrusion and degeneration of discs in microdiscectomy were statistically significant, and those of mild protrusion and degeneration of discs in APLD were also statistically significant. 4) The most common cause of failure was inappropriate removal of disc material in microdiscectomy and sequestered discs in APLD. According to the above results, there were no differance in overall success rates between microdiscectomy and APLD. But clinical results seem to be influenced by the age, existence of compensation, and by the degree of protrusion and degeneration of discs as prognostic factors. If the selection of operative procedure between microdiscectomy and APLD for herniated lumbar disc is carefully done with clinical and radiologic findings of patients, good outcome might be achieved.

線形理論에 있어서 準函數에 關한 硏究

申弘撤,琴敎銀 中央大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

最近 解決하여야 할 問題狀況이 多樣性과 複雜性의 構造下에 急進的으로 變化함과 더부러 進展하고 있다. 이에 對處하는 學問으로 眞僞 中心의 古典論理와 證明構成 中心의 直觀主義論理는 問題解決의 再檢討와 補强으로 Girard를 主軸으로 線形論理를 開發하여 活潑히 硏究가 盛行하고 있다. 이 線形論理는 λ解析에도 計算處理의 面貌를 變換시켜 發展시키고 있으며, 갖가지 카테고리 모델을 提供하여 주고 있다. 本 論文에서는 反復的인 計算處理의 內的過程을 잘 表現하여 주는 Walter의 準函數(pseuodofunction)로써 線形論理에 새롭게 出現한 論理的 演算 ?? 에 對하여 알맞은 準函數를 構成하여 보고, 이로 하여금 새로운 論理演算의 意味를 吟味하고자 한다.

성서적 입장에서 본 화해

신교선 인천가톨릭대학교 출판부 2000 누리와 말씀 Vol.- No.7

建造環境의 建築的 分析을 위한 序設的 考察

신교영,송용호 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1994 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.9 No.2

The aim of this thesis is a systematic analysis of the built environment from a semiotic perspective. It seeks to show how the architectonic code systems is similar to other forms or different from it of human symbolic communication. This paper deals with the theoretical investigation into the analysis of the architectonic formations of the built environment. The results of this study can be summarized as follow; 1) The Architectonic sign is a combination of a formation (that-which-signifies) and a meaning (that-which-is-signified). The Architectonic code system is one of various fundamental pan-human sign-system. 2) The built environment medium designates everything that is visually palpable and to which a place-making function can be attributed. As sign system, the architectonic sign exposes many functions of the Architectonic formations whose properties are derived from time, space and culture. 3) An important property of the built environment which applies to the whole architectonic code system is the dispensibility of formations.

CM at Risk의 국내 건설시장 도입 및 활성화 방안 연구

신성훈,서용칠,구교진,현창택 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

Nowadays, construction projects are increasing its complexities, risks and demands for greater' input and management skill. Also owners are gradually inclined to transfer their risks to other parties. In order to respond this situation, it is necessary that the different kinds of delivery systems suitable for the clients' needs be diversified and adapted to the Korean construction industry. In this background, the study is to present the approach to introduce CM at risk, one of the alternative delivery systems in Korea, by revising some regulations and proposing various types of this system.

Clay 또는 은 나노 입자를 함유한 불포화 폴리에스테르 수지의 물성에 관한 연구

인교진,목진규,신동현,김주영 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2004 석재연 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구에서는 불포화 폴리에스테르 수지에 clay 또는 평균 10 nm의 은 나노 입자를 분산시켜 나노 복합체를 제조하여 그 물성 변화를 관찰하였다. clay를 함유한 나노 복합체에 대하여 XRD 분석을 한 결과, clay 층상 구조에 해당하는 회절 피크가 나타나지 않는 것으로 보아 clay의 층간 거리가 벌어져 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 TEM 관찰 결과를 보면 clay 층이 완전히 박리 된 것은 아니고, clay 층 사이에 고분자 사슬이 삽입되어 있는 삽입형 나노 복합체임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또 불포화 폴리에스테르 은 나노 복합체의 경우 수지 내에 은 나노 입자가 고르게 분산되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. clay를 함유한 나노 복합체의 기계적 물성을 DMA로 분석한 결과 저장 탄성률(E´)은 최대 57% 증가함을 보였다. TGA로 분석한 열적 물성에서는 열분해 온도가 최대 18℃ 정도 증가하였다. 이는 clay가 불포화 폴리에스테르 수지의 기계적, 열적 성질에 영향을 주었기 때문인 것으로 판단되었다. 불포화 폴리에스테르 은 나노 복합체의 경우도 은 나노 입자가 고분자 매트릭스와의 상호작용으로 인해 기계적, 열적 물성이 향상되었다. 또, 은 나노 복합체의 경우 은 특유의 성질인 항균성에 있어서 매우 우수한 물성을 나타내었다. In this study, made nanocomposites that dispersed clay or silver nanoparticles of average 10 nm is unsaturated polyester resins and observed change of the properties. According to the result of XRD analysis about nanocomposites containing clay, diffraction peak that correspond to structure of layerd-clay does not appear and could know that exfoliation of distance between layerd-clay. But, seeing TEM image, layerd-clay is not exfoliated perfectly, and could confirm Intercalated Nanocomposites that polymer chain is intercalated between clay layer. Also, it could know that silver nanoparticles is dispersed in unsaturated polyester resins in the case of unsaturated polyester-silver nanocomposites. The result that analyze mechanical properties of nanocomposites which containing clay by DMA showed Storage Modulus(E´) increased maximum 57 %. Also, Pyrolysis temperature increased maximum 18 ℃ in thermal properties that analyze by TGA. Because clay influenced in mechanical and thermal property of unsaturated polyester resins. In case of UP-silver nanocomposites, advanced mechanical and thermal properties because silver nanoparticles interacted with polymer matrix. Also, it appeared properties in Antibacterial that is silver characteristic property in silver nanocomposites.

굴착 주변의 지반침하 예측

김교신,류제천,김송만,박춘수 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.15 No.2

Ground settlement and displacements of support structures due to deep excavation in urban area affect the stability of adjacent structures and retaining walls. Especially, the magnitude and distribution of ground settlements may directly give effects on the behavior of adjacent structures. So it comes to be important to judge precisely the effects on adjacent grounds and structures due to excavation. This can be achieved by means of ground settlements and differential settlements of structures, but present evaluating method on the ground settlement neglect the presence of adjacent structures. In this study, I have made Bowles and Bauer Method programs in order to find adjacent ground settlements. The results of program are like these. First, when you use measured horizontal displacement, the ratio of settlements of Bowles Method programs to Bauer is 0.86. Secondly, when you use measured horizontal displacement, settlements which Bowles Method program find is 5 times larger than settlements which Bauer Method program find when you use evaluated horizontal displacement.

도로교통범죄의 법적용에 관한 고찰

정신교 청주대학교 학술연구소 2005 淸大學術論集 Vol.5 No.-

The rate of death from traffic accidents in Korea is shown to by far higher than that of OECD countries, which results in the tremendous economic cost. This increase in road traffic crimes inflicts a great burden on our society and the criminal judicial system. To prevent road traffic crimes, government is making efforts to maintain a traffic order and prevent the traffic accident through all sorts of laws and systems. There are two conflicting views on the treatment and punishment of those road traffic crimes. The first view is that the unlawful act of simple order violation or the act of negligence should be lightly punished in that it may occur to anyone. The other view is the principle of strict punishment that those violating traffic-related crimes should be strictly punished to maintain the traffic order and prevent traffic accidents. That is, the principle of strict punishment for road traffic crimes is needed to inhibit and prevent them effectively. These two views compared, it is thought that the dual system should be operated that the violative act of the traffic order and the violative act of road traffic laws and regulations due to simple negligence should go be non-criminalized or non-punished on the one hand and gross negligence or road traffic crimes causing serious physical damages should be strictly punished through active legal application.