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서관석 全州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 1997 科學 敎育 硏究 論文集 Vol.19 No.1
New instructional emphases are needed to meet the goals of current mathematics programs. There is strong evidence that instruction driven by the goal of masterring algorithmic procedures has not been effective. Large amounts of instructional time are required to develop proficiency with computational skills. Still, students lack the understanding necessary to apply their learning in problem-solving situations. Current objectives for computation need to be broadened: helping students learn to estimate, compute mentally, and use a calculator, as well as to select appropriate approaches for problem situations, should become integral to inseuction. The multiplication of whole numbers is a topic basic to the mathematics curriculum in most of the elementary grades. The development of understanding, insight, and competence is essential to children's learning about multiplication. The goal of this paper is to show the affactive ways to build student understand about multiplication.
서관석,이승원 全州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 1997 科學 敎育 硏究 論文集 Vol.19 No.1
We are living in a world of information. Stop and think a moment about the number of facts, figures, and other data that confront us each day. What do we do with all this information?. We ignore some of it, we organize some of it to fit what we already know, or we summarize it by using shorter descriptions or other numbers. How is this information presented to us?. It may be presented in written descriptions, in graphs or tables, or in summary numbers such as averages. How do we learn to make sense of all this information?. The aim of paper is to give suggestions for ways our students to make sense of data.
개선된 사람 혈장중 세파클러 농도 정량법을 이용한 세파클러 캡슐의 생체이용률 측정
김태완,송옥경,한선영,Cao, Qing-Ri,박미진,강성화,신관석,Cui, Jing-Hao,이범진 한국약제학회 2005 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.35 No.2
After establishing improved HPLC analytical method ofcefaclor in human plasma samples, a bioavailability study of cefaclor capsules was conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The standard calibration curve using an HPLC with UV detector was constructed in a range of 0.0324--16 μg/m1. The 6% perchloric acid instead of 6% trichloroacetic acid was used to precipitate plasma protein. The HPLC chromatograms were precisely and accurately resolved when spiked with human plasma spiked with cefaclor and cephalexin (internal standard). Twenty healthy male Korean volunteers received two commercial cefaclor capsules, Neocef ' capsule (Jinyang Pharm. Co., Ltd) or Ceclor" capsule {Lilly Korea. Co., Ltd.) at the 250 mg cefaclor in a 2 x 2 crossover study. There was a one-week washout period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of cefaclor were monitored for 8 hours after oral drug administration. AUC, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 8 hr (13 points), was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. C,,,a" (maximum plasma drug concentration) and Tmax (time to reach Cma,) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed AUC, and Cmax. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the cross-over design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the AUC, ratio and the Cmax ratio for Neocer/Ceclor" were 0.9049 S S < 1.0304 and 0.9776 5 S 1.226, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of 0.80-1.25. Thus, our study demonstrated the bioequivalence of Neocef"/Ceclor" with respect to the extent of absorption.
Lidocaine, Thrombin, Epinephrine 의 항균효과
김진우,이동건,전혜선,김승준,김석찬,안중현,김치홍,권순석,김영균,김관형,문화식,신완식,송정섭,박성학 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6
목적 : 기관지내시경 검사에서 흔히 사용되는 국소마취제인 lidocaine과 내시경시 지혈목적으로 사용되는 thrombin과 epinephrine이 각종 균주에 미치는 항균효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 균주는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 2004년 3월부터 2004년 9월까지 임상검체 에서 동정된 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 각각 42, 42, 42, 43주를 대상으로 하였다. Lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 감수성 검사는 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2002)의 기준에 따랐다. 결과 : Lidocaine은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa에서 MIC_(50), MIC_(90) 모두 20,000 ㎍/mL 이었다. K. pneumoniae는 각각 10,000 ㎍/mL이었다. Thrombin은 S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에서 MIC50 500 lU/mL 과 MIC_(90) 500 IU/mL 이상이었고, K. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)이 모두 500 lU/mL이상이었으나 S. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)은 125 IU/mL이었다. Epinephrine은 K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 >500 ㎍/mL이었고, S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 500 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경 검사에서 흔히 쓰이는 lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 등의 약제들이 호흡기 질환의 흔한 병원균인 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 균주들에 대해 항균 효과가 있을 수 있어 세균배양검사에 영향을 미칠 수 있겠다. Background : We performed this stody to find out about antimicrobial effect of lidocaine which is commonly used local anesthetic, and thrombin and epinephrine used for hemostasis during bronchoscopic procedures. Materials and Methods : The microorganisms that were cultured from specimens obtained during bronchoscopy were Staphylococcus aureus (n=42), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=42), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=42), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) collected from St. Mary's Hospital, from March to Sep 2004 were used for susceptibity testing. Susceptibility to lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine were tested according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Result : MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of lidocaine for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were all 20,000 ㎍/mL and that for K. pneumoniae were 10,000 ㎍/mL. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of thrombin for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 500 IU/mL and above 500 IU/mL, respectively; that for K. pneumoniae were all above 500 IU/mL and for S. pneumoniae they were 125 IU/mL, MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of epinephrine for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were above 500 ㎍/mL; that for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 500 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : We observed possible antimicrobial effect of lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro against pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, which are common respiratory microorganisms. The use of these agants could affect the result of bacterial culture.
ANNIHILATION OF IDEALS IN RING WITH ZERO DIVISORS
Seo, Kwan-Seog 전주교육대학 1990 論文集 Vol.26 No.-
We assume that all rings are commutative with identity, If R is such a ring, let T(R) be the total quotient ring of R, let Z(R) be the set of zero divisors of R, and let Q(R) denote the complete ring of quotients of R as definded in [5]. Elements of R that are not zero divisors are called regular elements. An important theorem in commutative ring theory is that if I is an ideal in a Noetherian ring and if I consists entirely of zero divisors, then the annihilator of I is nonzero. This result fails for some non-Noetherian rings, even if the ideal I is finitely generated. We say that a commutative ring R has Property(A) of every finitely generated ideal of R consisting entirely of zero divisors has nonzero annihilator. Theorem 5 shows that all nontrivial graded rings have Property(A). (For our purposes a nontrivial graded ring is a ring R graded over the integers such that R contains an element x, not a zero divisor, of positive homogenous degree.)
홍석기(Seog Ki Hong),남재우(Jae Woo Nam),이경태(Kyung Tae Lee),신관석(Kwan Seog Sin) 대한약학회 1993 약학회지 Vol.37 No.2
6beta-(trans-3-Aryl-5-oxo-pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetamidopenicillanic acid(7a~7c) and 7beta-(trans-3-Aryl-5-oxo-pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetamidocephalosporanic acid(8a~8c) were synthesized and tested in vitro antibacterial activity. Of these new penicillins exhibited good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria whereas none of the compounds possessed the activity against Gram-negative bacteria at the concentration tested.
신관석(Kwan Seog Sin),김남호(Nam Ho Kim),이주헌(Joo Heon Lee),성선영(Sun Young Sung),Peter Pachaly 대한약학회 1997 약학회지 Vol.41 No.2
A series of 7-deazahypoxanthine and 7-deazaadenine derivatives[6,7.8.9.10,13] as purine antagonists was prepared. The pyrrolidine-5-one derivatives[4,11] were treated vith (C2H5)3OBF4 to give 3-aryl-5-ethoxy-2H-3,4-dihydropyrrole[5,12], which were converted to 7-aryl-7,8-dihydro-7(9H)-deazahy-poxanthine[6,7,8,9,10] and 7-phenyl-2-methyl-7,8- dihydro-7(9H)-deazaadenine[13].