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Kurosu, Satomi 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2008 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.8 No.1
This study estimates fertility levels and nuptiality patterns among peasants in nineteenth-century Japan and assesses the relationships of those levels and patterns to household organization and regional economic development. Despite of the much recent work in the field of historical demography in Japan, some gaps remain. The author puts together the results obtained from a large cross-sectional data set by applying the own-children method of fertility estimation with those derived from longitudinal and village-based data sets by other methods to examine the possibility of linking household organization and population dynamics on the eve of Japanese industrialization. The results of this study offer several insights to fill the gaps in our understanding of historical demography in Japan; they also bear on the role of the household on reproduction in general.
( Satomi Kurosu ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2008 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.8 No.1
This study estimates fertility levels and nuptiality patterns among peasants in nineteenth-century Japan and assesses the relationships of those levels and patterns to household organization and regional economic development. Despite of the much recent work in the field of historical demography in Japan, some gaps remain. The author puts together the results obtained from a large cross-sectional data set by applying the own-children method of fertility estimation with those derived from longitudinal and village-based data sets by other methods to examine the possibility of linking household organization and population dynamics on the eve of Japanese industrialization. The results of this study offer several insights to fill the gaps in our understanding of historical demography in Japan; they also bear on the role of the household on reproduction in general.
Kawada, Kiyokazu,Mayu Kurosu,Yunxiang Cheng,Tsagaanbandi Tsendeekhuu,Wuyunna,Toru Nakamura,Ichiroku Hayashi 한국생태학회 2008 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.31 No.4
In order to assess the effect of grazing on grasslands using floristic composition, we studied the floristic composition and plant biomass of steppe vegetation in Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia. The dominant species of the grasslands were Stipa krylovii, Stipa grandis and Leymus chinensis. Floristic composition changed according to grazing pressure, being light, heavy and moderate. Under heavy grazing conditions, the importance value of P. acaulis, C. korshinskyi and Cleistogenes squarrosa increased in the plant community. These species were indicators of heavily grazed stand. Plant biomass of the stands ranged within 11.6 g m-2 and 63.5 g m-² and 69.5 g m-² and 166.2 g m-² to the west and east of Lake Hulun, respectively. These values are equivalent to ca. 450~1,000 kg of atmospheric carbon per hector, which is retained within the stand during the summer season. In order to assess the effect of grazing on grasslands using floristic composition, we studied the floristic composition and plant biomass of steppe vegetation in Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia. The dominant species of the grasslands were Stipa krylovii, Stipa grandis and Leymus chinensis. Floristic composition changed according to grazing pressure, being light, heavy and moderate. Under heavy grazing conditions, the importance value of P. acaulis, C. korshinskyi and Cleistogenes squarrosa increased in the plant community. These species were indicators of heavily grazed stand. Plant biomass of the stands ranged within 11.6 g m-2 and 63.5 g m-² and 69.5 g m-² and 166.2 g m-² to the west and east of Lake Hulun, respectively. These values are equivalent to ca. 450~1,000 kg of atmospheric carbon per hector, which is retained within the stand during the summer season.
Go Yoshida,Kenta Kurosu,Yu Yamato,Tomohiko Hasegawa,Tatsuya Yasuda,Daisuke Togawa,Yukihiro Matsuyama 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.2
Study Design: Prospective physical measurement of the sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Purpose: To evaluate a simple method for measuring SVA by analyzing its relationship with radiographic measurements and clinical appearance. Overview of Literature: No studies have examined physical measurements using the cranial center of gravity (CCG) in a relaxed standing position. Methods: The physical measurement of the horizontal distance between CCG and spina iliaca posterior superior (CCG-SIPS) was measured using a straight ruler in 252 healthy volunteers and 56 patients with adult spinal deformity. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was evaluated using the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and clinical symptoms were assessed according to standing status and the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Results: CCG-SIPS increased with age in the volunteer group and strongly correlated with radiographic SVA in the patient group (r =0.984). Differences increased between CCG-SIPS in patients in the relaxed position and radiographic SVA with an increase in sagittal malalignment (r =0.692, p <0.001). ODI with high sagittal malalignment (CCG-SIPS >120 mm) was significantly larger in the patient group than in the group with low sagittal malalignment (59.9±18.8 vs. 45.1±17.0; p =0.004); these patients (CCG-SIPS >120 mm) needed crutches or walkers for standing. The patient group with GERD had significantly larger sagittal malalignment than the group without GERD (160.3 mm vs. 81.0 mm). Conclusions: The CCG-SIPS correlated with age and strongly reflected radiographic SVA and HRQOL in the patients. Moreover, it reflects a relaxed posture without a backward shift in the radiographic position even in patients with severe sagittal malalignment. The critical limit of CCG-SIPS can be relevant to clinical appearance, including standing assistance (>120 mm) and the existence of GERD (>150 mm). Thus, it will be a useful predictor of true SVA in clinical practice before radiographic evaluation.
Hayashi, Ichiroku*,Kiyokazu Kawada,Mayu Kurosu,Amgaa Batjargal,Tsagaanbandi Tsundeekhuu,Toru Nakamura 한국생태학회 2008 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.31 No.2
We describe plant biomass in the grasslands of the Mongolian steppe obtained using a quadrat sampling technique. Four sites were studied in the northeastern Mongolia located between 47°12'N and 47°40'N and 102°22'E and 112°24'E, which were typical grasslands of the steppe. Biomass, carbon and nitrogen content were determined for the plants collected from the grazed and ungarazed stands. With the measurements above, we expect to obtain information on grazing effects on the grasslands and carbon sequestration of the grassland from the air. In order to estimate the biomass without destroying the stands, we derived an equation to describe the relationship between plant biomass and v-value using plant height and species coverage within the stand. Estimated plant biomass in the ungrazed and grazed stands ranged between 108.0 g m-2 and 13.4 g m-2 and between 97.5 g m-2 and 14.1 g m-2 in late June 2005, respectively. Litter in the ungrazed and grazed stands ranged from 330.3 g m-2 to 78.4 g m-2 and from 188.0 g m-2 to 20.3 g m-2, similarly. Average carbon and nitrogen contents in plants and in litter were 43.0% and 1.9% and 33.7% and 1.4%, respectively. In study sites at Baganuur, the carbon and nitrogen content of plant materials (plant plus litter) was 118.4 g m-2 and 4.7 g m-2 on 30 June 2005. We describe plant biomass in the grasslands of the Mongolian steppe obtained using a quadrat sampling technique. Four sites were studied in the northeastern Mongolia located between 47°12'N and 47°40'N and 102°22'E and 112°24'E, which were typical grasslands of the steppe. Biomass, carbon and nitrogen content were determined for the plants collected from the grazed and ungarazed stands. With the measurements above, we expect to obtain information on grazing effects on the grasslands and carbon sequestration of the grassland from the air. In order to estimate the biomass without destroying the stands, we derived an equation to describe the relationship between plant biomass and v-value using plant height and species coverage within the stand. Estimated plant biomass in the ungrazed and grazed stands ranged between 108.0 g m-2 and 13.4 g m-2 and between 97.5 g m-2 and 14.1 g m-2 in late June 2005, respectively. Litter in the ungrazed and grazed stands ranged from 330.3 g m-2 to 78.4 g m-2 and from 188.0 g m-2 to 20.3 g m-2, similarly. Average carbon and nitrogen contents in plants and in litter were 43.0% and 1.9% and 33.7% and 1.4%, respectively. In study sites at Baganuur, the carbon and nitrogen content of plant materials (plant plus litter) was 118.4 g m-2 and 4.7 g m-2 on 30 June 2005.
Temperature and Humidity Control System with Adjustable Manual Reset
Yuji Yamakawa,Takanori Yamazaki,Kazuyuki Kamimura,Shigeru Kurosu 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
PID control has been widely used for air-conditioning system but there still remain a lot of possibilities. It will be then natural desire to try to eliminate the effects of disturbances before they have created control errors. An example is a certain system for an air-conditioning system in which an outdoor thermometer detects sudden weather changes and the supply air flowrate can be appropriately controlled in anticipation of the change in thermal loads to be felt by the sensors inside the room. This is called feedforward control. In the previous paper1), the air-conditioning system was modeled, and the compensation method of manual reset was examined. In this paper, the simulation results for one-day operation will be demonstrated. In particular, the interest is centered on the compensation method to reduce the control performance (energy consumption). Then, the control performances such as the integral value of the square errors and the integral value of the control inputs will be discussed. The purpose of this paper is to simulate combined control of room air temperature and humidity and to demonstrate the control performance associated with these integrated strategies.