A KAP1 phosphorylation switch controls MyoD function during skeletal muscle differentiation

Singh, Kulwant,Cassano, Marco,Planet, Evarist,Sebastian, Soji,Jang, Suk Min,Sohi, Gurjeev,Faralli, Hervé,Choi, Jinmi,Youn, Hong-Duk,Dilworth, F. Jeffrey,Trono, Didier Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2015 Genes & development Vol.29 No.5

<P>The transcriptional activator MyoD serves as a master controller of myogenesis. Singh et al. identify KAP1/TRIM28 as a key regulator of MyoD function. In myoblasts, KAP1 is present with MyoD and Mef2 at many muscle genes, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit not only coactivators such as p300 and LSD1 but also corepressors such as G9a and HDAC1, with promoter silencing as the net outcome. Upon differentiation, MSK1-mediated phosphorylation of KAP1 releases the corepressors from the scaffold, unleashing transcriptional activation by MyoD/Mef2 and their positive cofactors.</P><P>The transcriptional activator MyoD serves as a master controller of myogenesis. Often in partnership with Mef2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2), MyoD binds to the promoters of hundreds of muscle genes in proliferating myoblasts yet activates these targets only upon receiving cues that launch differentiation. What regulates this off/on switch of MyoD function has been incompletely understood, although it is known to reflect the action of chromatin modifiers. Here, we identify KAP1 (KRAB [Kréééüppel-like associated box]-associated protein 1)/TRIM28 (tripartite motif protein 28) as a key regulator of MyoD function. In myoblasts, KAP1 is present with MyoD and Mef2 at many muscle genes, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit not only coactivators such as p300 and LSD1 but also corepressors such as G9a and HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1), with promoter silencing as the net outcome. Upon differentiation, MSK1-mediated phosphorylation of KAP1 releases the corepressors from the scaffold, unleashing transcriptional activation by MyoD/Mef2 and their positive cofactors. Thus, our results reveal KAP1 as a previously unappreciated interpreter of cell signaling, which modulates the ability of MyoD to drive myogenesis.</P>

New Modified English and Hindi Oswestry Disability Index in Low Back Pain Patients Treated Conservatively in Indian Population

Nishant,Harvinder Singh Chhabra,Kulwant Singh Kapoor 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.5

Study Design: Prospective cohort study along with questionnaire. Purpose: To measure the correlation of the visual analogue score (VAS), with (Oswestry disability Index [ODI], version 2.1a) in English, and modified ODI (English and Hindi version). To validate translated version of the modified ODI in English version to Hindi. Overview of Literature: Conflicting evidence in literature regarding the ability for existing ODI score to accurately measure the pain associated disability. Methods: One hundred and three patients conservatively treated for low back pain were enrolled in the study. The Pearson correlation coefficient for VAS and ODI along with the Cronbach α and test-retest reliability for Hindi version using the intraclass correlation coefficient was recorded. The new proposed translated Hindi version of ODI was carried out with established guidelines. Results: The mean age in English and Hindi version of ODI was 53.5 years and 58.5 years, respectively. The gender ration was 21:24 in the English version and 35:23 in the Hindi version. The mean follow-up in English and Hindi version of ODI was 3.4 months and 50.27 months, respectively. The Cronbach coefficient α=0.7541 for English ODI and 0.9913 for Hindi ODI was recorded for the both modified versions. Conclusions: The new modified ODI is time saving and accurate, and it avoids the need to measure other scores and has stronger correlation with VAS score compared to the previous scores. We recommend this version for both English and Hindi speaking population as an assessment tool to measure the disability related to pain.

Nocturnal Cramps in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis Treated Conservatively: A Prospective Study

Nishant,Harvinder Singh Chhabra,Kulwant Singh Kapoor 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.5

Study Design: Prospective cohort study with questionnaire. Purpose: To compare the treatment outcome of nocturnal leg cramps in lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) patients on conservative treatment with historical surgical cohorts and to determine the sensitivity and specificity as well as positive predictive value and negative predictive value of knee flexion test suggested for LSCS patient. Overview of Literature: True prevalence of nocturnal leg cramps in LSCS patients as well as the clinical outcome of its surgical treatment have been reported. Methods: A questionnaire suggested from previous study with minor modifications was used in this study. Clinical data was collected. Knee flexion test was performed in two groups. Results: The prevalence of nocturnal leg cramp was higher in the LSCS group compared to the control group (second group). In LSCS patients, 38 (88%) had improved leg cramps after the conservative treatment, 3 (6.97%) remained unchanged, and 2 (4.6%) had worsened leg cramps. Of the 43 patients, 21 (48.8%) had no disturbance to their activities of daily living. In the LSCS group, the sensitivity and specificity of the knee flexion test was 53.5% and 33.3%, respectively. The knee flexion test in the LSCS group had a positive predictive value and a negative predictive value of 65.71% and 23.1%, respectively. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that nocturnal leg cramps were significantly more frequent in LSCS patients than in the control group.

Extenuating Food Integrity Risk through Supply Chain Integration: The Case of Halal Food

Ali, Mohd Helmi,Tan, Kim Hua,Pawar, Kulwant,Makhbul, Zafir Mohd Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2014 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.13 No.2

Effects of food scandals on religious belief, human health and even on causes of death indicate that firms and consumers are vulnerable to integrity risks in the global supply chain. Mitigating the integrity risk and maintaining the credence quality products like halal food is very challenging, if not impossible. Our aim in this research is to show that supply chain integration can mitigate the halal food integrity risk. To illustrate this idea, we have conducted case studies and interviews in seven Malaysian chicken supply chain focal firms. We unpack the halal integrity risks along the supply chain, such as production risk, raw material risk, food security risk, outsourcing practices risk, service risk, and logistics risk. The research argues that supply chain integration, such as internal integration and external integration practices, could minimize the halal integrity risk. The advantages of supply chain integration in mitigating the halal integrity risk are also highlighted in this paper.

Extenuating Food Integrity Risk through Supply Chain Integration: The Case of Halal Food

Mohd Helmi Ali,Kim Hua Tan,Kulwant Pawar,Zafir Mohd Makhbul 대한산업공학회 2014 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.13 No.2

Effects of food scandals on religious belief, human health and even on causes of death indicate that firms and consumers are vulnerable to integrity risks in the global supply chain. Mitigating the integrity risk and maintaining the credence quality products like halal food is very challenging, if not impossible. Our aim in this research is to show that supply chain integration can mitigate the halal food integrity risk. To illustrate this idea, we have conducted case studies and interviews in seven Malaysian chicken supply chain focal firms. We unpack the halal integrity risks along the supply chain, such as production risk, raw material risk, food security risk, outsourcing practices risk, service risk, and logistics risk. The research argues that supply chain integration, such as internal integration and external integration practices, could minimize the halal integrity risk. The advantages of supply chain integration in mitigating the halal integrity risk are also highlighted in this paper.

High Frequency Dielectric Behavior of Rare Earth Substituted Sr-M Hexaferrite

S. Bindra Narang,Anterpreet Singh,Kulwant Singh 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2007 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.8 No.5

Strontium hexaferrites of a structural formula Sr1-xRExFe12O19, where RE=La3+, Nd3+ and Sm3+ with (x=0 to 0.30) were prepared by a standard ceramic technique. The lattice constants, density, porosity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were studied on a series of rare earth substituted strontium hexaferrites. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were measured in the frequency range of 0.3 GHz to 3.0 GHz at room temperature. The dielectric constant decreased with increasing frequency for all the three series. This behavior of dielectric properties with frequency has been explained with the Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial polarization in agreement with the Koops phenomenological theory. The substitution of rare earth ions into SrFe12O19 increases the value of the dielectric constant. This increase in dielectric constant could be due to the electronic exchange between Fe2+ ↔ Fe3+ and results in a local displacement determining the polarization of the ferrites. For these ferrite samples the Curie temperature decreases as rare earth ions substitution increases. Strontium hexaferrites of a structural formula Sr1-xRExFe12O19, where RE=La3+, Nd3+ and Sm3+ with (x=0 to 0.30) were prepared by a standard ceramic technique. The lattice constants, density, porosity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were studied on a series of rare earth substituted strontium hexaferrites. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were measured in the frequency range of 0.3 GHz to 3.0 GHz at room temperature. The dielectric constant decreased with increasing frequency for all the three series. This behavior of dielectric properties with frequency has been explained with the Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial polarization in agreement with the Koops phenomenological theory. The substitution of rare earth ions into SrFe12O19 increases the value of the dielectric constant. This increase in dielectric constant could be due to the electronic exchange between Fe2+ ↔ Fe3+ and results in a local displacement determining the polarization of the ferrites. For these ferrite samples the Curie temperature decreases as rare earth ions substitution increases.

Processing, dielectric behavior and conductivity of some complex tungsten-bronze dielectric ceramics

Sukhleen Bindra Narang,Dalveer Kaur,Kulwant S. Thind 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2006 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.7 No.1

Ceramic samples of a complex structural formula Ba6-3xR8+2xTi18O54, where R is a rare-earth oxide and R=Sm, Nd and Gd and x=0.2-0.7 were prepared by a high temperature solid-state reaction technique. The dielectric properties (i.e. dielectric constant (ε'), dielectric loss (ε'') and Q-factor) have been measured on the sintered disks with respect to the frequency in the range 0.3 GHz-3.0 GHz at room temperature. The dielectric properties of the synthesized samples have been found out to be a function of the wt.% of rare-earth oxides used. Dielectric conductivity (σ) was derived from the dielectric constant and loss tangent data in the same frequency range. Conductivity calculations were carried out based on this derived formula. The capacitance values have been calculated knowing the geometrical dimensions of the samples synthesized.

Electrical and magnetic properties of rare earth substituted strontium hexaferrites

Anterpreet Singh,S. Bindra Narang,Kulwant Singh Thind,O.P. Pandey,R.K. Kotnala 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2010 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.11 No.2

Samples of strontium ferrite (Sr-M) with different molar substitution concentrations of lanthanum, neodymium and samarium ions were prepared by a standard ceramic processing technique. AC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent measurements were carried out in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 1MHz. The experimental results indicate that AC electrical conductivity increases with increasing frequency. The increase in AC conductivity with frequency can be explained on the basis of Koops model, whereas the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent variations have been explained with a Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial polarization in agreement with the Koops phenomenological theory. The effects of rare earth substitution on the magnetic properties such as the saturation magnetization moment (Ms), coercive field (Hc), remenance (Mr),and Curie temperature Tc (K) have been investigated. It is found that the values of the magnetization moment (Ms), and remenance (Mr) decrease with increasing rare earth ions substitution for all the series. The reason for the decrease may be both the magnetic dilution and spin canting, which promote reduction of superexchange interactions. The enhancement of Hc values may be due to higher magnetocrystalline anisotropy, where Fe2+ ion anisotropy on the 2a site could be dominant in all hexaferrites series.

Structural and microwave dielectric properties of Ba6-3xGd8+2xTi18O54 solid-solutions

S.Bindra Narang,Dalveer Kaur,Kulwant Singh Thind 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.5

Ba6-3xGd8+2xTi18O54 (x = 0.0, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) composites have been synthesized by employing a solid-state reactive sintering technique and studied from the point of view of microwave dielectric materials. In this series, formation of solid solutions was found, which was deduced from the linear change of the lattice parameters of the unit cells. Unit-cell parameters (Å) have been obtained with the help of the X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique. Multi-phase microstructures have been observed for all the compositions using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found good quality microwave materials which show a high dielectric constant (ε') of 70 and a low loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.006336 at 3 GHz. A minimum value of the A.C. dielectric conductivity (σa.c.) was 2.32E-12 mho/cm at 0.8 GHz. Ba6-3xGd8+2xTi18O54 (x = 0.0, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) composites have been synthesized by employing a solid-state reactive sintering technique and studied from the point of view of microwave dielectric materials. In this series, formation of solid solutions was found, which was deduced from the linear change of the lattice parameters of the unit cells. Unit-cell parameters (Å) have been obtained with the help of the X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique. Multi-phase microstructures have been observed for all the compositions using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found good quality microwave materials which show a high dielectric constant (ε') of 70 and a low loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.006336 at 3 GHz. A minimum value of the A.C. dielectric conductivity (σa.c.) was 2.32E-12 mho/cm at 0.8 GHz.