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DASHIELL HAMMETT'S RED HARVEST : FROM AMERICA TO JAPAN TO ITALY AND BACK TO AMERICA
Kim, Young-Kul 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2004 East west education Vol.21 No.-
Dashiell Hammett was the creator of the hardboiled hero who was to emerge in the pages of popular twentieth century literature. With his roots in the archetypal strong, silent and solitary American cowboy hero who, living according to a personal code of honor, did his job for the forces of good, typically involving the necessity of violence, and then moved on with his essential morality intact, the hardboiled hero came along at a time when there was no longer a west to be won, finding himself instead in an urban setting of increasing complexity and ambiguity, daily confronting the corruption arising from a capitalistic society in an era during which technological advances had created more sophisticated and effective weapons of destruction. Remaining strong, silent and solitary, the hardboiled hero adapted to modern ambiguity and violence by covering his persona in a hardboiled veneer, a man without a past or future, to do his job and to survive in society with his essential morality remaining intact. Hammett's first novel, Red Harvest (1929), shows the author's view of the world at its bleakest. The anonymous Continental Op, about whom nothing personal is revealed, except that he is an operative for the Continental Detective Agency, finds himself in environment called "Poisonville," a town representing the whole of American society, in which every side is so irredeemably corrupt that in order to cleanse society the Op has no choice but to play each faction against the other until they systematically, inevitably, and completely annihilate each other. This plot was later borrowed in the production of three films: Yojimbo (1961), a samurai film made in Japan; A Fistful of Dollars (1966), an Italian western made in Spain; and Last Man Standing (1996), an American gangster movie set during in the Prohibition era of the 1920s. This study analyzes Red Harvest to establish the world view of Dashiell Hammett, and, in chronological order of the films, examines how the modifications in both Hammett's vision and hardboiled hero, as they travelled around the world, reflected the changes in society as it moved from the beginning to the end of the twentieth century. The study concludes with a re-evaluation of the relevance of the Hammett vision and what it informs us about the nightmare reality of the postmodern world of the twenty-first century.
Listening is prerequisite to other language skills
Cheung, Yun-Kul 釜山外國語大學校 2005 外大論叢 Vol.30 No.-
듣는 능력과 말하는 능력이 상호 연계되어 있기 때문에 언어의 의사소통 능력은 이 두 능력의 정도에 따라 결정지어 진다. 조사에 따르면, 다른 언어적 능력, 즉, 말하기, 읽기, 쓰기 능력을 발달시키는데 듣기가 선행되어야 된다고 증명하고 있다. 듣기 능력을 향상시키는 것은 다른 기술습득에게까지 긍적적인 결과를 가져올 것이다. 듣기능력은 단지 받아들이기만 하는 능력이 아니라 인지적 과정에 따라 선별하고 분석하여 구분하는 일련의 사고적 행위이다. 이 논문의 목적은 한국 학생들이 영어를 이해하고 사용하는 데 왜 계속해서 큰 어려움을 가지는 지에 대한 이유를 논의하고, 듣기 이해의 중요성과 다른 언어적 능력으로의 전이에 관한 논문이다. 또한 이 논문은 영어 교수법에 있어 변화의 필요성르 제시하고 언어소통의 향상을 위한 방법과 연구결과를 다루고 있다.
Odraz ľudovej piesne v ponáškach Janka Kráľa
Terézia Kulíková 한국슬라브어학회 2023 슬라브어연구 Vol.28 No.1
Slovak folklore played an important role in the Slovak national revival movement in the 19th century. Incorporating the elements of folk songs in poetry meant simplifying the language, substituting classical verses for syllabic ones, thus proceeding to a new romantic era. The authors were able to introduce and disseminate revolutionary ideas to common people in a comprehensible way. That is how "ponáška" – a syncretic genre of poems resembling to folk songs – was created. The aim of this paper is to analyse the similarities and differences of Slovak folk songs and “ponášky" to describe this syncretic genre more closely. Initially, basic features of Slovak folk songs – parallelism, natural imagery, typical repetitive motifs, importance of form – are presented. These are then identified in the interpretations of poems "Žíznim, mám studničku", "Krajinská pieseň" and "Verše" by a major author of the syncretic genre: Janko Kráľ. The analysed texts resemble authentic folk songs both in form and meaning. The author uses isosyllabic verses to fit folk song melodies; incorporates traditional natural and social motifs; and most of all, applies the parallelism at all levels (form, content, and composition). On the other hand, the unique author's contribution in distinguishing ponáška from folk song is manifested in various means. He reflects the historical and social context in strong agitating images of "Krajinská pieseň"; or uses the theme of un-freedom, which is atypical for folklore. However, the crucial difference is a result of a perceptible and heartfelt dive into the lyrical subject, who experiences feelings typical of a romantic hero, such as loneliness, misunderstanding, even conflict.
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY NORMAL SUBGROUP AND INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY ⊙ - CONGRUENCES
Kul Hur,So Ra Kim,Pyung Ki Lim 한국지능시스템학회 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.9 No.1
We unite the two con concepts - normality We unite the two con concepts - normality and congruence - in an intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup setting. In particular, we prove that every intuitionistic fuzzy congruence determines an intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup. Conversely, given an intuitionistic fuzzy normal subgroup, we can associate an intuitionistic fuzzy congruence. The association between intuitionistic fuzzy normal sbgroups and intuitionistic fuzzy congruences is bijective and unigue. This leads to a new concept of co sets and a corresponding concept of guotient.
Intuitionistic fuzzy k-ideals of a semiring
KUL HUR,SO RA KIM,PYUNG KI LIM 한국지능시스템학회 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.9 No.2
We introduce the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy k-ideals and intuitionistic fuzzy prime k-ideals of a semiring. And we investigate some properties of them.
Fuzzzy Functions and Fuzzy Partially Ordered Sets
KUL HUR,HYO MI JUNG,Wang Ro LEE 한국지능시스템학회 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.9 No.4
By using the notion of fuzzy functions introduced by Dib and Youssef, we obtain fuzzy analogues of some results concerning ordinary functions. In particular, we give the denition dierent from one of invertible fuzzy function introduced by Dib and Youssef. And we show that the two denitions are equivalent. Furthermore, we introduce the concepts of fuzzy increasing functions and fuzzy isomorphisms, and we obtain fuzzy analogues of many results concerning ordinary increasing functions and isomorphisms.