A review of experimental methods for characterising composite viscosities of continuous fibre-reinforced polymer composites

Wang Jinhuo,Han Yang,Ge Xiaohong,Qi Zhengbing,Zhao Jun,Wang Rongwen,Wu Huawei,Han Taiping,Sun Shaoxun,Wang Hui,Lin Jia,Liu Yuejun,Kong Xiangsong,Chen Qiming,Zeng Xiangxu 한국유변학회 2023 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.35 No.2

Optimisation design of composite structures requires an accurate predictive model for forming behaviour. The simulation process contains a number of model parameters which include transverse and longitudinal viscosities of continuous fibrereinforced viscous composites, fundamental to predicting the shear rheology. Shearing the unidirectional composite along the fibre direction gives a measure of the longitudinal viscosity (LV), whilst shearing across or transverse to the fibre direction gives a measure of the transverse viscosity (TV). Numerous experimental work was conducted in the past to measure these two viscosities for various materials. However, conflicting measurements by different test methods were obtained and these apparent discrepancies had not yet been systematically investigated in any single study. This paper reviews previous work on characterisation techniques to further understand the cause of such discrepancy, and hence to improve measurement accuracy, which would benefit future work on theoretical modelling of the composite viscosities and optimisation simulation of composites forming. Some important findings, such as effects of resin-rich areas, contributory factors of elastic effects, non-Newtonian behaviour for composites with Newtonian matrix, aspect ratio and end effects of test samples, geometry effects of fibres and fibre rearrangement during shearing, existence of a mathematical relationship between LV and TV and necessary benchmarking exercise using Newtonian matrix composites, were summarised.

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor${\gamma}$ Is Involved in Weaning to Estrus of Primiparous Sows by Regulating the Expression of Hormone Genes in Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary Axis

Kong, L.J.,Wang, A.G.,Fu, J.L.,Lai, CH.H.,Wang, X.F.,Lin, H.CH. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.3

The objective of this study was to determine whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$(PPAR${\gamma}$ is involved in the regulation of weaning to estrus of primiparous sows. Twelve sows composed of 6 groups of 2 full-sibs in a similar age (325.2 d), body weight (BW; 152.4 kg) and backfat thickness (BFT; 27.0 mm) at start of lactation, were allocated to accept 31 MJ (restricted group, R-group) or 53 MJ (control group, C-group) DE/d treatment, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the low energy intake resulted in excessive losses of BW and BFT during lactation in R-group sows, which may be related to decrease of serum 15-deoxy-${\Delta}^{12,14}$-prostaglandin $J_2$ (15d-$PGJ_2$), a ligand of PPAR${\gamma}$ The obvious peak and the frequency of LH, FSH and estradiol ($E_2$) were only observed in C-group sows. Except for $E_2$ at d 1 and 2, serum FSH, LH and $E_2$ concentrations in R-group were lower than those in C-group sows after weaning. However, the serum progesterone ($P_4$) level in R-group sows was always more than that in C-group. The expression abundances of PPAR${\gamma}$and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) in pituitary, FSH receptor (FSH-R), LH receptor (LH-R), estrogen receptor (ES-R) and aromatase in ovary of anestrous sows were lower than those of estrous sows. Neither the BFT nor the BW was associated with the mRNA abundance of PPAR${\gamma}$in hypothalamus during lactation. Expressions of PPAR${\gamma}$in pituitary and ovary were affected evidently by the BFT changes and only by the loss of BW of sows during and after lactation. Furthermore, PPAR${\gamma}$mRNA level in ovary was significantly related to the expression abundances of GnRH-R, FSH-R, ES-R and aromatase, and GnRH-R was obviously associated with PPAR${\gamma}$expression in pituitary. However, PPAR${\gamma}$expression in hypothalamus likely has no effects on these genes expression and no obvious difference for all sows. Not serum $E_2$ or $P_4$ alone but the ratios of $E_2$ to $P_4$ and 15d-$PGJ_2$ to $P_4$, and serum FSH and LH were evidently related to PPAR${\gamma}$expression in pituitary and ovary. It is concluded that PPAR${\gamma}$is associated with body conditions, reproduction hormones and their receptor expression, which affected the functions of pituitary and ovary and ultimately the estrus after weaning of primiparous sows.

Resveratrol raises in vitro anticancer effects of paclitaxel in NSCLC cell line A549 through COX-2 expression

Kong, Fanhua,Zhang, Runqi,Zhao, Xudong,Zheng, Guanlin,Wang, Zhou,Wang, Peng The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.21 No.5

The aim of this study was to determine the raising anticancer effects of resveratrol (Res) on paclitaxel (PA) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549. The $10{\mu}g/ml$ of Res had no effect on human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells or on A549 cancer cells and the 5 or $10{\mu}g/ml$ of PA also had no effect on MRC-5 normal cells. PA-L ($5{\mu}g/ml$) and PA-H ($10{\mu}g/ml$) had the growth inhibitory effects in NSCLC cell line A549, and Res increased these growth inhibitory effects. By flow cytometry experiment, after Res ($5{\mu}g/ml$)+PA-H ($10{\mu}g/ml$) treatment, the A549 cells showed the most apoptosic cells compared to other group treatments, and after additional treatment with Res, the apoptosic cells of both two PA concentrations were raised. Res+PA could reduce the mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2, and Res+PA could reduce the COX-2 related genes of VEGF, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, $NF-{\kappa}B$, Bcl-2, BclxL, procollagen I, collagen I, collagen III and CTGF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, iNOS and raise the TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, p53, p21, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax genes compared to the control cells and the PA treated cells. From these results, it can be suggested that Res could raise the anticancer effects of PA in A549 cells, thus Res might be used as a good sensitizing agent for PA.

Genome-wide identification and expression pattern of short-wavelength light responsive members of the NAC family in turnip

Wang Jing,Wang Yu,Kong Chang,Liang Yan,Song Wankun,Li Yuhua 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.4

The NAC transcription factor family plays a crucial role in stress response, plant development, and anthocyanin pigmentation. In turnip, anthocyanin biosynthesis is induced by UV-A or blue + UV-B light. However, characterization of turnip NACs is lacking, and whether they are involved in light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation is still unknown. In this study, we identified 200 BrNAC transcription factors in the turnip genome. They were intensively distributed on chromosomes A03, A07, A09, and A10. Phylogenetic analysis classified the turnip BrNAC gene family into 11 subfamilies. The protein subdomains were highly conserved between turnip and Arabidopsis thaliana, and exhibited a close evolutionary relationship. Protein-protein interaction prediction and RNA-seq expression profiles illustrated that the UV-A light responding genes BrNAC183, BrNAC195, and the blue + UV-B light responding gene BrNAC184 were the candidate genes associated with light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in turnip. We discussed the findings on the relationship between the structure and function of the short-wavelength light responsive BrNAC family proteins from our results and the published data. Our results will aid further functional analysis of BrNAC family transcription factors. This research supports that BrNAC transcription factors regulate light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis in turnip.

Geometric Optimization of a Mathematical Model of Radiofrequency Ablation in Hepatic Carcinoma

Wang, Kai-Feng,Pan, Wei,Wang, Fei,Wang, Gao-Feng,Madhava, Pai,Pan, Hong-Ming,Kong, De-Xing,Liu, Xiang-Guan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Radio frequency ablation (RFA) is an effective means of achieving local control of liver cancer. It is a particularly suitable mode of therapy for small and favorably located tumors. However, local progression rates are substantially higher for large tumors (>3.0 cm). In the current study, we report on a mathematical model based on geometric optimization to treat large liver tumors. A database of mathematical models relevant to the configuration of liver cancer was also established. The specific placement of electrodes and the frequency of ablation were also optimized. In addition, three types of liver cancer lesion were simulated by computer guidance incorporating mathematical models. This approach can be expected to provide a more effective and rationale mechanism for employing RFA in the therapy of hepatic carcinoma.

중국 먀오다오군도의 현황과 개발을 위한 제언

왕지콩 ( Wang¸ Ji-kong ),김민영 ( Kim¸ Min-young ),류징 ( Liu¸ Jing ),탕쿤 ( Tang¸ Kun ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2021 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.33 No.3

먀오다오(庙岛)군도는 중국 산둥반도와 랴요둥반도 사이에 있는 일련의 섬들이다. 그 남쪽 끝 부분이 산둥반도의 봉래(蓬莱)로 부터 7km 떨어져 있고 북쪽 끝 부분은 랴요둥반도의 여순(旅顺)과 42km 떨어져 있다. 먀오다오군도는 151개 도서로 구성되는데, 그 가운데 유인도는 10개이다. 도서(岛屿)의 총면적은 59.258㎢이고, 해역 면적은 3242.742㎢이며 해안선은 187.64㎞이다. 먀오다오군도는“창산열도(长山列岛)”라고도 불리며 중국에서 혼히 “창다오(长岛)”라고도 부른다. 먀오다오군도는 행정 구역으로는 산동성 옌타이시에 속하며 지금은 창다오 해양생태문명 종합시험구도 부른다. 중국 지도에서 먀오다오군도는 발해와 황해의 경계선이고 베이징과 톈진 지역의 해상 수호관문이며 발해의 요충지이다. 이 지역은 군사적 위치가 매우 중요하여 옛날부터 “창산 요새(长山要塞)”라고 불려 왔다. 특히 국방적 지위가 중요하여 지금까지 먀오다오군도의 경제사회발전은 비교적 빠른 속도로 진행하였지만 대규모 계획적으로 개발된 적이 없었다. 경제는 주로 어업과 관광업에 의지하였는데 어업과 관광업의 발전은 대부분 전통적인 수단과 기술로 달성하였다. 그런데 국내외 정치 경제 형세의 변화에 따라 중국 경제 사회 발전 구조에 변화가 일어나고 있다. 경제 성장의 방식과 내용 등 많은 측면에서 달라지고 있으며 친환경적 고품질 발전이 주류로 되고 있다. 『창다오 해양생태문명 종합시험구 건설 실시 계획(长岛海洋生态文明综合实验区建设实施计划)』이 출범하면서 먀오다오군도의 발전 목표, 내용, 경로, 그리고 목표 달성의 보장 수단이 제시되었다. 이 계획은 먀오다오군도의 생태보호, 경제발전, 군사국방 3가지 주제에 주목하였고, 경제발전을 통해 생태보호와 국방의 목표를 달성하려고 한다. 이전의 경제개발 계획과 달리 먀오다오군도의 건설 실시 계획은 경제발전의 속도를 강조하지 않고 최신의 기술을 응용하여 생태의 보호와 복원, 생활 편리화와 시설 현대화, 경제의 고품질 성장 등을 중요시하고 있다. 그러나 이 계획은 개발과 생태보호가 각 구역에서 어떻게 균형 있게, 혹은 조화롭게 이루어지는지, 개발과 보호에 필요한 자금과 인적 자원을 어디서 어떻게 조달하는지, 관광 비수기에 관련된 시설을 어떻게 효율적으로 사용하는지 등 문제에 대해서는 답하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 4 가지 사항을 제시하였다. 첫째, 산관연학 협력을 통해 생태보호와 산업 개발이 조화롭게 진행될 수 있는 과제를 정리하고, 이에 필요한 기술과 수단을 연구하며 기술 난관을 돌파해야 한다. 둘째, 먀오다오군도 개발과 생태보호에 대한 인력과 기업을 유치하는 혜택과 정책을 구체화해야 한다. 셋째, 다양한 기능을 가진 관광휴양 시설을 개발하여 성수기에 관광휴양 시설로 사용하고 겨울 등 비수기에는 관광업 종사자의 능력을 향상시키는 훈련 · 양성 시설로, 혹은 주민의 소양을 향상시킬 수 있는 교육 시설이나 전 국민 건강운동 시설로 사용해야 한다. 끝으로 일본의 후쿠시마 원전 오염수의 태평양에 방출에 대해서도 미리 대응책을 고려해야 한다고 생각된다. The Miaodao Islands are a chain which spread out between the Shandong Peninsula and the Liaodong Peninsula. Its southern end is 7 kilometers from Penglai, on the Shandong Peninsula and its northern end is 42 kilometers from Lvshun, on the Liaodong Peninsula. The Miaodao Islands consist of 151 small islands, 10 of them are inhabited. The Miaodao Islands cover a total area of 59.258 square kilometers, and a total sea area of 3242.742 square kilometers. The total coastline of the Miaodao Islands stretches 187.64 kilometers. The Miaodao Islands are also well known under the name of "Changdao”, and sometimes people also call the islands "Changshanliedao”. The Miaodao Islands are administratively part of Yantai City, Shandong Province and now they are called the "Changdao Integrated Marine Ecological Civilization Test Zone”. The Miaodao Islands look like the dividing line between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and also the sea gateway between Beijing and Tianjin on the map. The position of this area is very important militarily. Therefore, the Miaodao Islands have been called the "Changshan Fortress” since ancient times. Because of its important location in national defense, the Miaodao Islands have never been developed on a large scale until now, although the economic and social development on the islands is not slow. The Miaodao Islands’ economic growth mainly depended on the fishery industry and tourism, but almost all in traditional ways. Along with the changing of the political and economic situation at home and abroad, the pattern and contents of economic development in China is changing to Eco-friendly and High-quality development. In this context, “The Starting Plan for the Construction of the Changdao Integrated Marine Ecological Civilization Test Zone” was drawn up. This plan described the development goals, content, path and its guarantee in the Miaodao Islands. This plan paid more attention to the Miaodao Islands' ecology protection, economic development, and its role in the national defense and military. It aims to achieve the goal of ecology protection and national defense through economic development. Instead of emphasizing economic developing speed, this plan focused more on ecological protection, life facilitation, modernization, high-quality economic development, etc. while achieving these goals with the latest technology. However, this plan did not answer the questions of how to coordinate the relationship between economic development and ecological protection, or how to obtain the necessary capital funds and labor power for economic development and ecological protection, nor how to efficiently use the tourism facilities in the off-season. Therefore, four suggestions on the Miaodao Islands have been made. First, through the cooperation among industry, universities, government, and research institutes, it determined to find the specific problems on coordinating the relationship between economic development and ecological protection, and study the technical ways to solve them. Second, making a specific preferential policy to attract investment from enterprises and to encourage talented individuals to migrate to the Miaodao Islands. Third, by constructing multi-functional tourism facilities and using them as training facilities for practitioners or as public sports facilities in the tourism off-season was viewed as an option. Last, by preparing countermeasures for the impact on the Miaodao Islands’ ecology and industry by Japan’s discharging nuclear wastewater to the Pacific Ocean, a plan is needed to be formulated.

Rig Load Prediction Model in Horizontal Directional Drilling within Water-Rich Unstable Strata

Lingrong Kong,Yu Wang,Zhiqiao Wang 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.2

In horizontal directional drilling (HDD) construction, the rig pulling load is the load directly applied to the rig, which is an important basis for selecting power and checking capability of drilling equipment. Existing models cannot directly calculate the rig pulling load during the pull-back process. In this study, a model that takes into account the influence of the drill string and the soil pressure was developed to predict rig pulling load. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparison with existing models and field tests. The results show that pullback capability of rig should be determined by the maximum rig load instead of the maximum pull head load. For lighter high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes, using the mud with good lubrication function is the most effective to reduce the maximum rig load, however, for heavier steel pipes, the most effective way to reduce the maximum rig load is choosing pipe delivery method with less resistance. The field test proves that the model can predict the rig load accurately when installing pipes in water-rich unstable strata.

Resveratrol raises in vitro anticancer effects of paclitaxel in NSCLC cell line A549 through CO X-2 expression

Fanhua Kong,Runqi Zhang,Xudong Zhao,Guanlin Zheng,Zhou Wang,Peng Wang 대한약리학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.21 No.5

The aim of this study was to determine the raising anticancer effects of resveratrol (Res) on paclitaxel (PA) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549. The 10 µg/ml of Res had no effect on human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells or on A549 cancer cells and the 5 or 10 µg/ml of PA also had no effect on MRC-5 normal cells. PA-L (5 µg/ml) and PA-H (10 µg/ml) had the growth inhibitory effects in NSCLC cell line A549, and Res increased these growth inhibitory effects. By flow cytometry experiment, after Res (5 µg/ml)+PA-H (10 µg/ml) treatment, the A549 cells showed the most apoptosic cells compared to other group treatments, and after additional treatment with Res, the apoptosic cells of both two PA concentrations were raised. Res+PA could reduce the mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2, and Res+PA could reduce the COX-2 related genes of VEGF, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-κB, Bcl-2, BclxL, procollagen I, collagen I, collagen III and CTGF, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and raise the TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, IκB-α, p53, p21, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax genes compared to the control cells and the PA treated cells. From these results, it can be suggested that Res could raise the anticancer effects of PA in A549 cells, thus Res might be used as a good sensitizing agent for PA.

Retinoid Receptors in Gastric Cancer: Expression and Influence on Prognosis

Hu, Kong-Wang,Chen, Fei-Hu,Ge, Jin-Fang,Cao, Li-Yu,Li, Hao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Background: Gastric cancer is frequently lethal despite aggressive multimodal therapies, and new treatment approaches are therefore needed. Retinoids are potential candidate drugs: they prevent cell differentiation, proliferation and malignant transformation in gastric cancer cell lines. They interact with nuclear retinoid receptors (the retinoic acid receptors [RARs] and retinoid X receptors [RXRs]), which function as transcription factors, each with three subclasses, ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$. At present, little is known about retinoid expression and influence on prognosis in gastric cancers. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the expression of the subtypes RARa, $RAR{\beta}$, $RAR{\gamma}$, RXRa, $RXR{\beta}$, $RXR{\gamma}$ by immunohistochemistry in 147 gastric cancers and 51 normal gastric epithelium tissues for whom clinical follow-up data were available and correlated the results with clinical characteristics. In addition, we quantified the expression of retinoid receptor mRNA using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) in another 6 gastric adenocarcinoma and 3 normal gastric tissues. From 2008 to 2010, 80 patients with gastric cancers were enrolled onto therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Results: RARa, $RAR{\beta}$, $RAR{\gamma}$ and $RXR{\gamma}$ positively correlated with each other (p < 0.001) and demonstrated significantly lower levels in the carcinoma tissue sections (p < 0.01), with lower $RAR{\beta}$, $RAR{\gamma}$ and RXRa expression significantly related to advanced stages (p < =0.01). Tumors with poor histopathologic grade had lower levels of RARa and $RAR{\beta}$ in different histological types of gastric carcinoma (p < 0.01). Patients whose tumors exhibited low levels of RARa expression had significantly lower overall survival compared with patients who had higher expression levels of this receptor (p < 0.001, HR=0.42, 95.0% CI 0.24-0.73), and patients undergoing ATRA treatment had significantly longer median survival times (p = 0.007, HR=0.41, 95.0% CI 0.21-0.80). Conclusions: Retinoic acid receptors are frequently expressed in epithelial gastric cancer with a decreased tendency of expression and RARa may be an indicator of a positive prognosis. This study provides a molecular basis for the therapeutic use of retinoids against gastric cancer.

Resveratrol raises<i> in vitro </i>anticancer effects of paclitaxel in NSCLC cell line A549 through CO X-2 expression

Fanhua Kong,Runqi Zhang,Xudong Zhao,Guanlin Zheng,Zhou Wang,and Peng Wang 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.21 No.5

The aim of this study was to determine the raising anticancer effects of resveratrol (Res) on paclitaxel (PA) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549. The 10 µg/ml of Res had no effect on human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells or on A549 cancer cells and the 5 or 10 µg/ml of PA also had no effect on MRC-5 normal cells. PA-L (5 µg/ml) and PA-H (10 µg/ml) had the growth inhibitory effects in NSCLC cell line A549, and Res increased these growth inhibitory effects. By flow cytometry experiment, after Res (5 µg/ml)+PA-H (10 µg/ml) treatment, the A549 cells showed the most apoptosic cells compared to other group treatments, and after additional treatment with Res, the apoptosic cells of both two PA concentrations were raised. Res+PA could reduce the mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2, and Res+PA could reduce the COX-2 related genes of VEGF, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-κB, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, procollagen I, collagen I, collagen III and CTGF, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and raise the TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, IκB-α, p53, p21, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax genes compared to the control cells and the PA treated cells. From these results, it can be suggested that Res could raise the anticancer effects of PA in A549 cells, thus Res might be used as a good sensitizing agent for PA.