Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics (HKPSSD): Research Designs and Data Overview⁺

( Xiaogang Wu ),( Clear Water Bay ),( Hong Kong Sar ) 한국보건사회연구원 2015 한국복지패널 학술대회 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

The Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics (HKPSSD)aims to establisha city-wide representative household panel survey to track socioeconomic changes and its impact on people`s livelihood in Hong Kong. The content covers housing, economic activity and consumption at household levels and education, marriage, fertility, employment, health, daily social activities, mental health and social attitude at individual levels. Three waves of data have been completed in 2011, 2013 and 2015, respectively. 3,214 households, 7,218 adults and 958 children have been interviewed in the benchmark survey (Wave 1), among which 2,165 households, 4,270 adults and 623 children are re-interviewed in the second wave. In addition, a refreshment sample of 1,007 households (including 1,960 adults and 145 children) with new themes was added in 2014, which together with those remaining in Wave 2, are followed in Wave 3 in 2015. This essay introduces the background, research designs, and content coverage of three waves of HKPSSD, and presents some descriptive statistics of relevant variable in the data. HKPSSDis expected to serve an important database for social science research and policy study in Hong Kong, and for comparative analyses of Chinese societies in Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China.

The Changing Roles of Women Officers in Public Order Policing in Hong Kong

Ho Ka-ki,Chu Yiu Kong 아시아경찰학회 2006 아시아경찰학회 국제학술회의 Vol.2006 No.-

The police are regarded as a male-dominated mescaline profession. Western police studies tend to suggest that women officers will face role-conflicts when they enter the male-dominated masculine occupation and they only play a complementary role in the public order policing. The Hong Kong Police Force was established in 1844. Women police officers were never perceived as indispensable component by early British colonial police heads. The first women officer had not been recruited until 1949. Yet, in 1950s and 1960s duties assigned to female cohorts were confined to supporting duties such as conducting clerical jobs, handling female suspects and taking care of wandering children rather than law enforcement and anti-riot operations. On the top of this, sexually segregated and discriminatory arrangements could also be easily noted in reviewing the managerial history of the Hong Kong Police. This study finds that the role of women officers started to change in late 1960s, especially in the sphere of public order policing. For instance, women police officers took up some frontier positions in the 1967 riots. They received formal anti-riot training since 1970s. A female anti-riot squad was formed in 1992. Since 1995 all newly recruited Hong Kong women police officers have been armed. In 2005 women police officers were placed in the front to deal with Korean demonstrators directly during the WTO MC6 period. The evolving responsibilities of female police officers from indoors administrative work to frontier crowd management duties not only reflect the changing attitude towards women in Hong Kong society, but also signify the vitalization of women officers in policing Hong Kong. The data of this research are largely derived from archival materials and in-depth interviews with 12 women police officers who served the force from 1950s to 1980s.

Clinician Survey on Speech Pathology Services for People with Aphasia in Hong Kong

Anthony Pak-Hin Kong,Christine Wing-Kwan Tse 한국언어재활사협회 2018 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.3 No.3

This study aims to investigate aphasia practices by speech-language pathologists working with clients suffering from acquired neurogenic communication disorders through an online survey. Questions pertaining to content and intensity of aphasia management, service adequacy, and barriers to effective service provision to persons with aphasia were asked to understand the current service-provision situation in Hong Kong. A web-based questionnaire containing 38 questions was electronically distributed to speech-language pathologists in Hong Kong. A total of 41 respondents (equivalent to about 5% of the body of clinicians) completed and returned the survey. Compared to recommendations in existing best practice guidelines of aphasia from western countries, the results indicated that intensity and frequency of current aphasia services in Hong Kong fell short of expectations. Major challenges perceived by speech-language pathologists that contributed to dissatisfaction of aphasia service included limited manpower, resources, funding, and accessibility. It was also found that barriers to effective services could be related to clinicians’ restricted adoption of intervention approaches, lack of active involvement of related healthcare professionals, and insufficient effort of referring persons with aphasia to support or self-help groups. Finally, factors to consider in order to improve existing aphasia management were discussed.

Policing the 1967 Riots in Hong Kong : An Alternative Account from Frontline Police Officers

Ho Lawrence K.K.,Chu Yiu Kong 아시아경찰학회 2005 Asia Pacific Journal of Police & Criminal Justice Vol.3 No.1

  The 1967 riots were widely regarded as the worst civil unrest in Hong Kong. According to the official explanation, the Hong Kong Police, as a para-military and non-localized force, were the most loyal government agency to restore social orders by containing these "political confrontations". In the eyes of the local Chinese leftists, however, the Hong Kong Police were regarded as the "running dog" of the British colonialists who ruthlessly suppressed their compatriots in Hong Kong. Based on archival materials and in-depth interviews with 8 Chinese frontline police officers who were directly involved in suppressing the riots, this research has four major findings.<BR>  First, these police officers thought that the prolong disorder were not serious riots but only civil disturbances. Second, regarding their policing assignments as apolitical tasks despite acknowledging the politicization of the riots, they inclined to have a fearless outlook when confronting the protesting crowds. Third, few police officers quitted their job during the prolong riots because they saw it as a police duty to restore the social stability of the territory. They were also attracted by the subsidiary and relevant benefits during the riots. Finally, the frontline police officers tended to fully accept the colonial government"s approach in dealing with the riots. In response to the local communist challenge of enforcing "fascist, brutal and hardcore suppression of the compatriots", they generally considered the regime"s policing strategy as a carefully-drafted and flexibly-adjusted one that showed greatest steadiness and restraint, thus successfully gaining support from the mainstream local Chinese community.

Late Immersion in Hong Kong: A Pedagogical Framework for Integrating Content-Language Teaching and Learning

Stella Kong 아시아영어교육학회 2008 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.5 No.3

A STUDY ON THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KOREAN YI-DYNASTY BELL TYPE STRUCTURE

Kong,Chang-Duck,Chung,Suk-Choo,Yum,Young-Ha 서울산업대학교 산업대학원 1993 大學院論文集 Vol.2 No.-

The dynamic characteristics of the Korean Yi-dynasty bell type structure, including the acoustic effects, are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The numerical solutions of natural frequencies and mode shape for membrane and flexural behavior are obtained by using the NASTRAN program for the finite element method with plate shell elements of triangular and quadrilateral types. Test bells, A and B types similar to the Kap-Sa bell in Kong-Ju chosen among typical Korean Yi-dynasty bells, are manufactured on different scales to the original bell. To consider the effects of the variation of the structural dimension on the dynamic response, these bells are analyzed with respect to variation of the thickness of the well and the bottom rim and the asymmetric Dang-Jwas. The impact method with the Fast Fourier Transform Analyzer is adopted to experimentally assess the dynamic response. Results are in good agreement with the numerical solutions.

Material Girls : Sexual Perceptions of Korean Teenage Girls who have experienced 'Compensated Dates'

KONG, Mee-Hae Ewha Womans University Press 2003 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine sexual perceptions and conflicts among Korean teenage girls who have been involved in 'compensated dates,' which is a form of sex work that may be temporarily undertaken by young girls or may lead on to prostitution. I have collected data from 12 girls, using in-depth interviews, who had experienced sexual abuse, and economic deprivation. These girls were rather maladjusted and had been abandoned by their families and schools. Their involvement in compensated dates began out of economic necessity, as they had run away from home. Sexual abuse was reportedly common for the majority of the respondents who had also suffered poverty and unhappy family lives. So these girls tended to seek compensated dates to overcome poverty. With poor education and skills, the girls viewed compensated dates as an easy strategy in the face of privation. In addition, the consumer society encouraged them to become sexually promiscuous to earn money, in order to buy and own more and more goods. The sexual conflict and ambivalence experienced by them were outcomes of their sense of sexual subjectivity. They saw their bodies as resources that were exchangeable for money, but they did not realize the internalized oppression they endured. They knew their bodies were a means of pleasure, but did not realize that sexual violence underlies it. The development of a stronger sense of self may resolve the conflict between the girls' curiosities and experiences concerning their bodies and sexuality.

Konkrete Poesie und expressionistische. Kunst. (Post)Modernistische Aspekte zur Medienverflechtung

Koh, Wee-Kong 弘益大學校 人文科學硏究所 2005 人文科學 Vol.13 No.-

구체시와 표현주의 예술은 서로다른 시대의 예술장르이면서도 비교연구의 가치를 지닌다. 이는 양자가 매체융합의 표현양식 실현으로 모더니즘과 포스트모더니즘 예술형성에 지대한 영향력을 행사하였기 때문이다. 그러나 상세히 관찰해보면 양자사이에는 예술이념, 재료사용, 미학적 효능 등의 면에서 상당한 거리가 있다. 이는 무엇보다 구체성과 추상성이라는 대표개념에서 나타난다. 유사한 시기에 생성되어 발전된 두 양식수법은 „대상성으로부터의 이탈" 이라는 시학원리에서 공통되나 그 구체적 실현방법은 같지않다. 후자가 매체사용의 추상화를 통해 주관적 내면심층의 환상이나 어떤 다른 감추어진 대상성을 표현하려 한다면, 전자는 언어기호의 질료화로 스스로의 대상세계를 창출한다. 따라서 양자에서 추출되는 텍스트의미성은 동일하지않다. Kandinsky의 대표적 추상화 „구성 7(Komposition VII)" 과 Gomringer의 텍스트 „침묵(Schweigen)"을 대비해보자. 기하학적, 구성적 수법을 활용한 전자에서는 대상적 지시성이 완전히 배제되지않는다. 그 표현세계는 생성과 종말의 차원에서 „우주창조의 은유"로 해석된다. 이러한 굴절된 형상조음은 후자의 기호시각화에서는 찾아보기 어렵다. 동일단어의 반복배열과 그로인한 서정시의 도식화는 청각적 침묵의 이미지를 „도상화" 시킴으로써 새로운 지각작용에 호소한다. 여기에서의 침묵은 상징적 의미가 아니라 다원적 기능을 발휘한다. 이러한 현상은 오늘날의 다매체예술에서 발견된다. 구체시와 표현주의 넓게보아 현대예술의 모더니티를 생성, 발전시킨 두 축이다. 양자는 추상화와 구체화라는 양식혁신을 통해 „재현"과 „모방"이라는 종전의 표현법칙으로는 도달할 수 없는 새로운 표현가능성을 개진하였다. 특히 서로다른 개별매체의 통합과 교체를 통해 생산과 수용의 유희공간을 넓히고 독자와 관찰자의 지각행위를 포괄하는 매체미학의 지평을 열어주었다. 이로인해 현대예술은 „언어갱신"이라는 세기적 목표를 구현하며 신매체의 등장으로 인한 예술의 매체화작업에 대처할 통로를 마련하게된다. 개별장르 해체로 인한 이러한 예술의 보편화작업은 그러나 아방가르드와 포스트모더니즘의 전유물이 아니라 르네상스, 바로크, 그리고 낭만주의 시대에 개화한 바 있다. 나아가 모든 예술을 하나로 보는 예술생성의 원천에 닿아있다. 혼합장르나 매체교체 현상은 인류의 장구한 예술, 특히 작품발달사를 관류해온 기본적 „표현의지" 이다. 이런 점에서 상호매체성미학은 전통과 현대의 아우름에서 합당하게 파악 될 수 있다.

“NENT Landfill - Natural Gas from Hong Kong’s Waste”

( Barry Adcock ),( Benny C. T. Liu ),( Chris W. C. Man ),( Hong Kong ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2011 ISWA Vol.2011 No.0

ANN Modeling of Drying Kinetics for Molded Pulp Product during Convective and Microwave Drying Process

Lingbo Kong1,Ziliang Zhang,Yang Song,Junzhong Chen 한국펄프·종이공학회 2023 펄프.종이기술 Vol.55 No.4

With the purpose of improving molded pulp product (MPP) drying process, the present work investigated the microwave drying performance of MPP under the power level of 500 W and compared that with the convective drying method. The drying kinetics, the effective moisture diffusivity, and the energy consumption of the two drying methods were evaluated respectively. It was found that the drying time was shortened from 22.0 min for convective drying to 16.0 min for microwave drying due to 27% of drying rate enhancement, and the effective moisture diffusivity was increased from 3.01×10-10 to 4.49×10-10 m2/s. Additionally, 88% of energy consumption could be saved in the microwave drying process. An artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to predict the moisture removing kinetics of MPP. The results revealed that the ANN modeling could be used to predict the drying kinetics of MPP effectively and then determine the moisture content in the drying process.