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Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridioides difficile in pet shop puppies
Yuya Kimura(Yuya Kimura ),Satoshi Kameshima(Satoshi Kameshima ),Naoyuki Itoh(Naoyuki Itoh ) 한국예방수의학회 2023 예방수의학회지 Vol.47 No.2
Crowded pet shops can become infected with various pathogens. Although dog carriers of Clostridioides difficile tend to be asymptomatic, the toxigenic strains sometimes cause gastrointestinal symptoms in humans. The present study was conducted to determine the infection rate of C. difficile in pet shops. The feces of 137 dogs younger than one year of age, collected from four pet shops, were assessed by culture and PCR. Carriage rates of C. difficile in dogs aged ≤90, 91-180, and ≥181 day-old were 12.2% (10/82, 95% confidence interval: 6.0-21.3%), 0.0% (0/42, 95% confidence interval: 0.0-8.4%), and 7.7% (1/13, 95% confidence interval: 0.2-36.0%), respectively. Five C. difficile isolates carried genes encoding toxins A and B, while the remaining isolates contained only toxin B. However, none of the C. difficile carriers had diarrhea. These results highlight the necessity of promoting adequate hygiene precautions in pet shops to prevent infection by C. difficile.
Kimura, Fumiko,Horii, Shigeru,Arimoto, Itsuki,Doi, Toshiya,Yoshimura, Masato,Wada, Masahisa,Kimura, Tsunehisa American Chemical Society 2018 The Journal of physical chemistry A Vol.122 No.46
<P>Microcrystals of ErBa<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB> suspended in a liquid medium were triaxially aligned by a frequency-modulated magnetic field and allowed a free rotational relaxation after the magnetic field was turned off. In situ X-ray diffraction measurements of the suspension were performed during relaxation, and the temporal change of the orientation fluctuation was monitored via broadening of the diffraction spots. The rotational diffusion constants were determined using the plot of the orientation fluctuation versus the elapsed time of rotational relaxation. The diffusion constants thus determined were in close agreement with those evaluated by the Stokes law but showed slight anisotropy, indicating that the microcrystals studied had shape anisotropy. The present method can provide a useful means for experimentally determining rotational diffusion constants of microcrystals suspended in viscous media. This paper shows that, due to the combination of the initial triaxial alignment and the subsequent monitoring of the relaxation process by means of X-ray diffraction, the diffusion constants along arbitrary crystallographic axes are determined separately.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Kimura Soichiro,Morimoto Keiko,Okamoto Hiroshi,Ueda Hideo,Kobayashi Daisuke,Kobayashi Jun,Morimoto Yasunori The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.5
In the present study, a human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) culture model was developed to evaluate the potential involvement of carrier-mediated transport systems in drug transfer into milk. Trypsin-resistant HMECs were seeded on $Matrigel^{circledR}-coated$ filters to develop monolayers of functionally differentiated HMEC. Expression of the specific function of HMEC monolayers was dependent of the number of trypsin treatments. Among the monolayers with different numbers of treatment (treated 1 to 3 times), the monolayer treated 3 times (3-t-HMEC monolayer) showed the highest maximal transepithelial resistance and expression of $\beta-casein$ mRNA as an index of differentiation. Transport of tetraethylammonium (TEA) across the 3-t-HMEC monolayer in the basolateral-to-apical direction was significantly higher than that in the apical-to-basolateral direction (p<0.05), whereas such directionality was not observed for p-aminohippurate, suggesting the existence of organic cation transporters, but not organic anion transporters. In fact, expression of mRNAs of human organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and 3 were detected in the 3-t-HMEC monolayer. These results indicate that the 3-t-HMEC monolayer is potentially useful for the evaluation of carrier-mediated secretion of drugs including organic cations into human milk.
Design and Synthesis of Resin-Conjugated Tamiflu Analogs for Affinity Chromatography
Kimura, Yasuaki,Yamatsugu, Kenzo,Kanai, Motomu,Echigo, Noriko,Kuzuhara, Takashi,Shibasaki, Masakatsu Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.3
Two types of resin-conjugated Tamiflu analogs were synthesized by modifying our original synthetic route of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu). The prepared resins bound to influenza virus neuraminidase, the main target of Tamiflu. The resins will be useful for isolating and identifying presumed endogenous vertebrate proteins that interact with Tamiflu, which might relate to the rarely observed abnormal behavior exhibited by some influenza patients treated with Tamiflu.
異文化コミュニケ?ション入門書のディスコ?ス : 「自己開示」に?する記述に着目して
Kimura Arinobu(木村有伸) 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 日本硏究所 2015 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.64
본 원고에서는 문화 비교 접근인 이문화 커뮤니케이션(ICC)론에서 문화나 문화의 차이에 대해 이야기 하는 점을 문제로 들기 위해 ICC입문서 중 「자기표출」에 관한 기술을 분석했다. 그 결과, 미국과 일본의 자기표출 정도에 관한 조사결과가 ICC입문서에서도 다뤄지고 있는 점, 그리고 그 자기표출의 차이를 설명 할 때에 문화 비교 접근이 주류였던 1990년대 이전뿐만이 아니라, 비교적 최근의 입문서에서도 문화차이를 강조하는 이항대립개념이나 인과명제를 게시하는 방법이 사용된 점을 확인했다. 이렇게 인과명제가 많이 쓰이는 것은 문화간의 차이를 강조할 뿐만이 아니라, 문화적인 고정관념을 만들어내는 것이다. 본 원고에서는 문화 차이에 대한 이러한 언설이 ICC입문서에서 반복적으로 사용되어 온 점은 학습자가 이문화를 이해하는 것을 방해해왔다고 비판했다. Although the validity of academic discourse that emphasizes cultural differences has been challenged, it has been shown that in academic arguments, this belief remains strong. Therefore, this study examines several introductions of intercultural communication that adopt a cultural comparison approach and demonstrate the continuity of such a belief. This study also analyzes the discourse regarding "self-disclosure" in these introductions. First, it demonstrates that 19 out of 34 books focus on the concept of self-disclosure. Second, it shows that the authors of these introductions often use dichotomy between two cultures and causal propositions in order to emphasize the difference of self-disclosure between Japanese and American individuals. However, since various approaches, such as these introductions, include a methodological problem (i.e., a lack of comparison), it is remarkable that hypothetical descriptions based on such scarce supporting evidence are still quoted as academic propositions.