Effect of Chitin Sources on Production of Chitinase and Chitosanase by Streptomyces griseus HUT 6037

Kim, Kwang,Ji, Hong-Seok The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2001 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.6 No.1

The advantage of using Streptomyces griseus HUT 6037 in the production of chitinase or chitosanase is that the organism is capable of hydrolyzing amorphous or crystalline chitin and chitosan according to the type of the substrate used. We investigated the effects of the enzyme induction time and chitin sources, CM-chitosan and deacetylated chitosan (degree of deacetylation 75-99%), on production of chitosanase. We found that this strain accumulated chitosanase when cells were grown in the culture medium containing chitosanaceous substrates instead of chitinaceous substrates. The highest chitosanase activity was obtained at 4 dyas of cultivation with 99% deacetylated chitosan. The specific activities of chitinase and chitosanase were 0.91 and 1.33 U/mg protein at 3 and 5 days, respectively. From the study of the enzymatic digestibility of various degrees of deacetylated chitosan, it was found that (GlcN)$_3$, (GlcN)$_4$and (GlcN)(sub)5 were produced during the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. The results of this study suggested that the sugar composition of (GlcN)$_3$was homogeneous and those of (GlcN)$_4$and (GlcN)(sub)5 were heterogeneous.

스포츠생리학 : 유연성 훈련이 성인의 건강체력에 미치는 영향

김광래(KimKwang-Lae),김태욱(KimTae-Wook) 한국체육학회 2000 한국체육학회지 Vol.39 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 8주간의 규칙적인 유연성 훈련이 남·여 대학생들의 건강체력에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위한 것이다. 피험자들은 H대학교에 재학중인 20-24세의 남(7명), 여(7명)를 대상으로 하였으며, 훈련기간 중 유연성 훈련 이외에 건강체력 요인에 변화를 가져올 수 있는 다른 신체활동을 수행하지 않도록 하였다. 피험자들은 악력, 배근력, 수직뛰기, 윗몸일으키기, 체전굴, 체후굴, %체지방을 포함하는 7개 항목들의 건강체력 요인들을 3회(훈련 전, 훈련 4주 후, 훈련 8주 후)에 걸쳐 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다.1. 남자 대학생의 경우, 수직뛰기, 체전굴, 체후굴에서 유의한 향상이 있었다(P<.05).2. 여자 대학생의 경우, 배근력, 체전굴, 체후굴에서 유의한 향상이 있었다(P<.05).이상의 연구결과를 통하여, 8주간의 유연성 훈련 프로그램은 유연성의 증가뿐만 아니라, 배근력과 수직뛰기와 같은 건강체력 요인들이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 유산소성 운동, 중량운동과 함께 성인들의 건강체력요인들을 향상시킬 수 있는 운동 형태로서 이용될 수 있다고 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of regular flexibility training on health related fitness of the university men & women. The subject of present study were participated in 14 H university men and women(M=7, F=7). During the study period, they did not perform any regular physical activity that was health related fitness during the flexibility training program worked. The subjects were tested(pre, after 4weeks, after 8weeks) 7 categories of health related fitness factors which included % body fat, trunk flexion, trunk extension, grip strength(right, left), back strength, sit-up, vertical jump. The summary of the results of this study were as followed:1. There were significant increase in vertical jump, trunk flexion, trunk extension after 8weeks flexibility training program in male student(P<.05).2. There were significant increase in back strength, trunk flexion, trunk extension after 8weeks flexibility training program in female student(P<.05).The study confirmed that flexibility training program of 8weeks improve not only flexibility, but also back strength, vertical jump. Therefore flexibility training is useful in exercising mode together with aerobic exercise, weight training for healthy adults.

서킷운동이 훈련가능 정신지체학생의 체력 향상에 미치는 효과

김광호(KimKwang-Ho),선우진(SunwooJin) 한국체육학회 2000 한국체육학회지 Vol.39 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 서킷운동을 12주간 실시했을 때 훈련가능 정신지체학생들의 체력향상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 밝혀내는 것이다. 이를 위하여 서울시 소재 J 특수학교에 재학중인 정신지체 남학생 9명을 선정하였다. 실험처지 전ㆍ후에 배근력, 서전트점프, 무릎굽혀팔굽혀펴기, 체후굴, 체지방 (견갑하부, 삼두근, 가슴, 복부), 심폐능력(산소섭취량, 단위체중당 산소섭취량, 심박수, 환기량, 호흡률)을 측정하였다. 12주간의 서킷트레이닝 종목은 무릎굽혀팔굽혀펴기, 버피테스트, 나무상자 오르내리기(box drill), 상체앞으로굽혀 바벨들기(bent over rowing), 체후굴로 구성하였다. 측정한 자료는 SPSS/WIN 통계 하위 프로그램을 이용하여 사전ㆍ사후검증을 종속 t-test(two tailed method)로 실시하였으며, 유의수준은 .05로 하였다. 자료분석 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 훈련가능 정신지체학생들은 12주간 서킷훈련에 참가했을 때, 배근력, 서전트점프, 무릎굽혀팔굽혀펴기, 체후굴이 향상시켰다. 둘째, 훈련가능 정신지체학생들은 12주간 서킷훈련에 참가했을 때, 심폐능력 (HR peak, V O2 peak, V e peak, R peak)이 향상시켰다. 그러나 단위체중 당 최고산소섭취랑은 유의한 차가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 훈련가능 정신지체학생들은 12주간 서킷훈련에 참가했을 때, 체지 방(견갑하부, 삼두근, 가슴, 복부 부위)이 감소되었다. 정신지체학생들은 규칙적인 운동이나 신체활동에 참가할 수 있는 기회가 상대적으로 적기 때문에 운동의 효과가 민감하게 나타난다고 하겠다. 본 연구의 서킷운동프로그램은 심폐지구력보다는 전신운동 위주로 구성했기 때문에 근력과 심폐능력간의 상관이 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 선행연구에 의하면 다리근력과 심폐능력 간에 깊은 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 약한 다리근력은 심폐능력을 제한하는 역할을 하기 때문에 상당히 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 이와 관련된 후속 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks of circuit training program on the physical fitness of students with mental retardation. The subjects consisted of nine TMR in Seoul Korea. The back and leg strength, sargent jump, knee down push up, trunk extension backward, cardiovascular fitness(HR, V O2, V O2kg, V e, R), and body composition(subscapular, triceps, chest, abdominal) were measured before and after treatment. The modified Balke/Ware treadmill test is a cardiovascular fitness predictor specific to stationary, uphill walking. The testing protocol involved maintaining a constant speed of 3.4mph while increasing the grade from a horizontal degree at the first minute to one degree each subsequent minute until the subject’s limit was voluntarily reached. The variables are HR, V O2, V O2/kg, V e, R that were measured in every 20 seconds from Sensor Medics 2900 System. The SPSS/WIN package was used to analyze the data of this study. Mean and S.D were provided in paired-samples t-test with .05 significance level. The results of this study were as follows. First, there were significant difference in back and leg strength, sargent jump, knee down push up, trunk extension backward before and after treatment. Second, there were significant difference in HR peak, V O2 peak, V e peak, R peak before and after treatment during maximal exercise. But there was no significant difference in V O2/kg before and after treatment during maximal exercise. Third, there were significant difference in body fat(subscapular, triceps, chest, abdominal) before and after treatment. The long-tenn training over one year is more required to compare the effectivaiess of the training and physical fitness persons without mental retardation than the short term training. Furthermore, future studies should look into mare appropriate measurements and programs for persons with mental retardation.

황화물 및 불화물이 수도생육(水稻生育)과 수량에 미치는 영향 : Ⅱ. 오염지역에서의 방풍막설치에 따른 생육 및 수량변이 Ⅱ. Growth and Yield Profile with a Isolated Windbreak Under Stressed Conditions in Fields

김광호,신응배,박완철 한국환경농학회 1988 한국환경농학회지 Vol.7 No.2

蔚出工業團地周邊地域中 大氣汚染의 影響을 많이 받고있는 特定地域에 放風幕을 設置하여 排出源에서 放出되는 大氣汚染物의 影響을 줄이고, 被害原因을 究明하기위해 放風幕 앞뒤의 汚染度와 水稻의 生育狀態를 調査, 檢討한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 放風幕 後面 3m地點의 大氣中 SO₂ 및 HF濃度와 葉內硫黃 및 弗素含量은 다른 調査地點보다 낮았으며, 大氣中 SO₃濃度와 葉內硫黃含量, 大氣中 HF濃度와 葉內弗素含量間에 正의 相關을 보여주었다. 그리고 幕後面 3m地點의 收量과 收量構成要素는 다른 調査地點보다 현저히 높은 數値를 보였다. 2. 大氣中 SO₂ 및 HF濃度보다는 葉內硫黃 및 弗素含量이 水稻의 收量 및 收量構成要素와의 높은 相關이 認定되었다. The study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of windbreaks to reduce the effect of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride on the growth of rice plants. It was observed that various pollution indicators such as the ambient concentrations of sulfur oxide and fluoride, sulfur and fluorine contents found in leaves appear to be significantly reduced within 3 meters behind the break. In that region yield components seemed normal. It is, however, observed that the pollutional indicators appear to increase gradually back to the same level as they were on the upwind side of the break. As for the relationships between pollution indicators and yields and also yield components it was believed that pollutants found in leaves might serve as the most important indicators of pollutional damage to rice plant Cultivation in fields. There was high correlation between ambient concentrations and yield, and also yield components. More significantly, a better correlation seemed to exist between sulfur and fluorine contents observed in leaves and yield ; And between those contents and yield components.

혈중 지방과 지단백 측정을 위한 운동강도 기준으로서의 IAT 사용

박동호(ParkDong-Ho),김광희(KimKwang-Hoi) 한국체육학회 2001 한국체육학회지 Vol.40 No.4

본 연구는 각기 다른 운동강도 기준(IAT Vs %VO_2max)에서의 혈중 지방과 지단백의 변화를 알아보기 위해서 17명의 피험자를 대상으로 두 가지의 균형적인 달기기 실험(couterbalanced running trials)을 실시하였고, 피험자들은 두개의 다른 운동강도에서 동등하게 350kcal의 에너지를 소모하였다: 실험 1, 젖산 역치(LT or IAT) 운동강도; 실험 2, 젖산 역치에 상응하는 %VO_2max 운동강도(68%VO_2max). 운동에 의한 혈중 지방과 지단백의 변화를 분석하기 위해 각기 다른 시간(운동전, 운동 15분후, 운동 24시간후)과 강도(IAT와 68%VO_2max)에서 혈액이 채혈되었다. 또한, Hematocrit(Hct)을 바탕으로 운동 중 일어날수 있는 혈장량의 변화를 측정하였고, 이러한 측정은 지방과 지단백 변화에 대한 변수들을 줄이기 위해 이용되었다. 통계적 검증으로는 반복측정 ANOVA(2×3)를 이용하였고, 연구의 결과로서, 젖산역치(IAT) 운동강도에서 운동 15분후(p<.05; ↑3.47%)와 24시간후(p<.05 ; ↑6.72%)의 HDL-c의 증가는 HDL(2-c)와 HDL(3-c)의 하위분류의 증가에 의한 것이었다. 또한 IAT와 68%VO_2max 운동강도에서, 운동 15분후 TC의 증가와 운동 15분후 IAT 운동 강도에서 TG와 VLDL의 유의한 증가가 일어난 반면, 운동 24시간후 TG와 VLDL-c의 감소가 일어났다. 이러한 24시간후의 TG와 VLDL-c의 감소는 24시간후의 HDL-c의 증가에 기여하였다. 결론적으로, 350kcal를 소모하는 한번의 유산소 운동에서 운동 15분후와 24시간후의 HDL-c를 증가시켰고, 이러한 증가는 단지 IAT 강도에서만 일어났다. 또한, 운동 24시간후의 TG와 VLDL-c를 감소시키므로 혈중 지방과 지단백의 좋은 변화를 일으켰다. 본 연구에서는 비록 비슷한 운동강도로 운동을 하더라도 각기 다른 기준의 운동강도를 사용함으로써, 혈중 지방과 지단백의 정도 변화가 각기 다르게 나타났고, 이러한 차이는 개별화되지 않은 운동강도 기준의 사용에서 비롯되었을 것이라 사료된다. 따라서, 운동강도의 기준으로써 젖산염(lactate) 측정을 통한 운동강도의 설정은 대사적·생리적 변수들을 줄일 수 있다는 점에서 운동강도의 기준으로써 %VO_2max와 %HR_max의 사용보다 적합한 것으로 사료된다. To investigate the effect of different exercise intensities as a criterion of exercise intensity on acute high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-c) changes in 17 healthy college aged-men completing two-counterbalanced running trials at different exercise intensities: trial 1 at individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) intensity; trial 2 at 68% VO_2max intensity. For each trial, blood samples were collected at pre-exercise (baseline), 15min post-exercise (15m PE) and 24 hours post-exercise (24h). Serum samples were analyzed for HDL-c, HDL₂-c and HDL₃-c subfraction, LDL, VLDL, total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), cholesterol ester (CE) and triglycerides (TG). In addition, capillary blood samples were collected for analysis of blood lactate concentrations during incremental test to determine IAT. All samples were corrected for plasma volume changes and compared to pre-exercise (baseline). In assessing the lipid and lipoprotein variables, the increase in HDL-c (p < .05,) at both 15 m PE (HDL₂-c= ↑6.04%, HDL₃-c= ↑10.15%) and 24h PE (HDL₂-c= 6.74% HDL(3-c)= 10.37%) were due to the increase in both HDL₂-c and HDL₃-c. The increase in 15m PE TC both IAT and 68%VO_2max intensities occurred. Although there was no significant decrease in TG and VLDL, increased 15m PE TG and VLDL were decrease at 24h PE. These decreases in the concentrations of TG and VLDL-c were contributing to change in 24 h HDL-c concentration.Consequently, the significant increase both 15m PE and 24h HDL-c only at IAT intensity, expending about 350kcal. In addition, reduced 24h PE TG and VLDL can favorably alter the lipid profile. In this study, this finding indicate that although individuals exercise with the same relative exercise intensity, subjects` metabolic responses may vary and may result in different results due to the metabolically different workloads. Therefore, the use of IAT as a criterion of exercise intensity may better than that of VO_2max and HRmax with respect to individualized metabolic stress for each individual as well as reduction of metabolic and physiological variables.

장애아 부모의 통합체육에 대한 태도 연구

오광진(OhKwang-Jin),김광호(KimKwang-Ho) 한국체육학회 2000 한국체육학회지 Vol.39 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 장애아 부모의 통합체육에 대한 태도를 규명하는데 있다. 피험자는 1999년 현재 서울시의 일반학교와 특수학교에 다니는 만 6세~15세 이하의 발달장애아(정신지체아, 정서장애아)를 둔 부모 593명으로 하였다. 표집은 유의표집(purposive sampling)을 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 설문지는 통합체육에 대한 부모의 태도를 묻는 12개 문항으로 하였다. 신뢰도 분석은 Cronbach’s α 방법을 사용하였고, 신뢰도는 α=.8168로 나타났다 통계분석은 SPSSWIN Version 8.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석(frequency analysis), 독립 t-검중(independent t-test), 일원변량분석(oneway ANOVA), 중다상관분석(multiple correlation analysis), 그리고 중다회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 하였다. 본 연구결과, 성, 부모의 특수교육연수 유무, 장애아의 통합교육 경험 유무, 장애아의 통합교육 경험 유무, 가계소득, 교육수준에 따라 장애아 부모의 통합체육에 대한 태도는 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 그리고 배경변인 중 부모의 특수교육 연수횟수와 연령은 통합체육에 대한 부모의 태도에 유의하게 영향을 미치는 변인이었다(p<.01). This study is to identify the parent’s attitudes toward inclusive physical education of children with developmental disabilities. Subjects for this study consisted of residents of S city which parents had children with developmental disabilities in the six to fifteen age group. The sample number used in actual analysis was 593. The content of the questionnaire used for this research made up of twelve questions concerning the parents’ attitudes toward inclusive physical education using the Physical Educators’ Attitudes Toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities(Block & Rizzo, 1995). The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on a pilot test, a meeting of specialists, a calculation of Cronbach’s α value, and factor loading value used in exploratory factor analytic technique. Cronbach's α value was .8168. In order to analyze the data, this study used a SPSSWIN Version 8.0 program for statistical analysis, and was completed using frequency, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, multiple correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Based on the above research methods and procedures, this study produced the following results. 1) The parents’ attitudes toward inclusive physical education of children with developmental disabilities according to gender, frequency of parents’ special education training, year of inclusive education of children with disabilities, year of inclusive physical education of children with disabilities, income, and education is differenced significantly(p<.05). 2) Frequency of parents’ special education training, and age influence the parents’ attitudes toward inclusive physical education of children with developmental disabilities significantly(p<.01).

발육발달 : 규칙적인 농구운동이 청소년들의 성인시 예측신장에 영향을 미치는가?

박동호(ParkDong-Ho),김광회(KimKwang-Hoi),김순기(KimSun-Ki) 한국체육학회 2003 한국체육학회지 Vol.42 No.4

A linear growth depends on both genetic and environmental factors that alter growth and sexual maturation. Exercise and nutrition are main environmental factors to alter linear growth and sex maturation. The effect of these factors has been well documented in a variety of elite sports, but there is limited information on regular exerciser who works out at a recreational level. To investigate the effect of exercise on linear growth in adolescent boys, the association of predicted adult height (PAH), target height (TH), pubertal stage and skeletal age, and physical activity(basketball) were evaluated in 51 adolescent boys out of 2,810, aged 15yr. 51 boys were automatically divided into two groups by participant characteristics: basketball group (n=22:, ≥3times/week, ≥30min/session) and inactivity group(n=26, ≤2times/week, ≤30min/session). The study included assessment of height, weight, sexual development, body fat, skeletal age, and dietary intake. Basketball group took more daily energy intake than inactivity group(p<.01), with relatively similar percentages of carbohydrate(68.93%), fat(13.47%) and protein(17.6%). There were no statistical differences in height, TH, skeletal age, sexual development between groups while there was a difference in PAH between Basketball group (178.27㎝) and Inactivity group C(174.75㎝, p<.05). This result indicated that regular basketball exercise at the level of recreation (4.57±.27)/week, 70±6.65/session) can favorably influence on linear growth in adolescent boys by increasing energy intake.

운동생리학 : 요추간판탈출증 수술환자에 대한 등장성 재활훈련집단과 비훈련집단간 요부신근력 변화에 대한 비교연구

천영일(ChunYoung-I1),김광기(KimKwang-Ki),김건도(KimGun-Do) 한국체육학회 2003 한국체육학회지 Vol.42 No.4

The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of isometric lumbar extension strength between training group and non-training group in hernia-operated patients. Twenty-one subjects (9males and 12 females) in training group was tested 2 times for post-operation and following 4 week training late, Twenty-four< 11 males and 13 female > subjects in non-training was conducted twice per week for 4weeks and consisted of one set of 15~18 repetitions in variable resistance until volitional fatigue. Each test involved the measurement of maximum voluntary isometric torque at seven degrees <72˚,60˚,48˚,36˚,24˚,12˚,0˚> of lumbar flexion using the Medx lumbar extension machine.1. There was significant improvement of lumbar extension strength at major degrees except 0˚, 12˚in training group of male but for non-training group of male, non significant level appeared at any degrees, especially rate of increase showed 25.84% at 0˚and around 20% at major degree in training group of male but for non-training group of male, rate of increase indicated around 10% at major degrees except 21.25% at 0˚.2. There was significant improvement at all degrees in training group of female but for non-training group of female, non significant level appeared at major degrees except 0˚, 12˚&24˚, especially rate of increase was showed 78.00% at 0˚, 73.24% at 12˚and around 30~50% at other degrees in training group of female but for non-training group of female rate of increase indicated around 10% at major degrees except 40.81% at 0˚3. Lumbar extension strength in body weight ratio indicated similar result of N0 1, 2. Result showed significant improvement of lumbar extension strength in training group of female and differences between training group and non-training group in both male & female.

A New Six-rowed and Covered Waxy Barley Cultivar, "Samkwangchal" with Good Quality and High Yield

Yang Kil Kim,Seong Bum Baek,Jong Nae Hyun,Jung Gon Kim,Jong Jin Hwang,Jae Hwan Seo,Mi Ja Lee,Chul Soo Park,Hong Sik Kim,Choon Woo Lee,Ouk Kyu Han,Si Ju Kim,Jae Chul KimKwang 한국육종학회 2006 한국육종학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Samkwangchal, a new covered waxy barley cultivar, was developed from the cros betwen Daebaegbori withearly maturing and large grain size and Suwon 302 with waxy endosperm by the Honam Agricultural Research Institutequality characteristics in the yield tri