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중국어 교육을 위한 중국어 문법 항목 분석 ― 초급 회화 교재의 존현문과 조사 ‘了’를 중심으로
김기은 ( Kim¸ Ki-eun ) 한국중국언어학회 2021 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.96
Scholars who studied education have considered the three basic elements of education: the instructor, the learner, and the textbook. A successful education requires good teaching materials as well as good instructors. In other words, instructors and textbooks directly affect the effectiveness of education. Above all, textbooks are a main material that provides the basic framework of learning and are an important factor that determines the success of lesson. The textbooks on the market reflect the situation of Chinese education most realistically. So if we analyze it, we can grasp the reality of Chinese education. It can also be a starting point for discussing education. This thesis investigated the contents related to the Chinese elementary education used in Korean universities. As a result, 『Master Chinese』, 『Spoken Chinese』 and 『The Chinese』 were selected as the study subjects. Is the knowledge of Chinese textbooks which are widely used in universities effectively communicated to learners? Based on this problem, this paper comprehensively analyzed the selection, arrangement, and explanation of grammatical items. Based on the results, this thesis suggests how to carry out it in detail and an effective method of teaching Chinese grammar for learners. First, when selecting grammar items, the beginner level focuses on vocabulary and phrases so that learners can easily feel the language elements of grammar. Second, when arranging grammar items, the proportion and difficulty of grammar should be considered first If the proportion of grammar is not small, it should not be concentrated in one lesson. It should be designed in stages and sequentially by dividing it into several lessons. Less difficult sentences should be learned first so that efficient learning can be achieved. Third, when describing a grammar item, it should be formulated so that can be intuitively knew about the grammar structure. Along with sufficient examples, it shall be designed to accurately understand by the usage of each sentence with an appropriate explanation of Korean and Chinese sentences. I hope that this study will help to develop Chinese education in a more ideal and successful direction. And also hope to be a useful reference for the compilation of Chinese textbooks.
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The Effect of Tariff-tax Reforms on Revenue and Welfare in a Complementary Goods Market
Kieun Shim(심기은),Kyonghwa Jeong(정경화) 한국산업경제학회 2013 산업경제연구 Vol.26 No.5
본 연구는 관세 인하에 따라 줄어드는 세수를 보전하기 위해서 소비세를 인상하는 세제개혁이 정부수입과 후생에 미치는 영향을 보완재시장을 중심으로 분석한다. 본 연구의 분석에 적용된 관세 및 세제정책은, 첫째, 관세 인하 분만큼 소비세를 올리는 정책, 둘째 관세인하 후 수입품의 소비가격을 변하지 않게 유지하는 선에서 소비세를 인상하는 정책 등이 있다. 분석 결과는 다음의 결과를 제시하고 있다. 첫째, 가격 및 수량경쟁 하에서 동 관세 및 세제 개혁 정책은 국내제품과 수입품의 보완성 정도에 상관없이 보완재시장에서 사회전체후생을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 더 나아가 두 제품이 완벽보완재에 가까울 때 사회후생의 감소가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 동 정책들이 세수에 미치는 영향은 관세 인하 전 부과하고 있던 소비세의 크기와 국내상품과 수입품의 보완성 정도에 따라 달라질 수 있는데, 먼저 소비세가 낮을 때는 교환재 및 보완재 양시장에서 세수가 증가하고, 소비세가 중간정도 일 때는 교환재 시장에서는 세수의 증가가, 보완재 시장에서는 두 제품 간 보완성 정도가 일정 수준 이하 일 때만 세수가 증가한다. 마지막으로 소비세가 높을 때에는 보완재시장에서 세수가 감소하는 반면 교환재 시장에서는 두 제품의 상호 교환성이 강한 경우 세수가 증가하는 결과가 도출되었다. 따라서 보완재 시장에서 관세 인하에 따른 세제 정책은 소비세가 높을수록 또는 국내상품과 수입품 간의 보완성이 강할수록 세수가 감소할 가능성이 높아진지는 결과가 도출되었다. 이는 소비세가 일정 수준 이상으로 부과 되고 있을 때, 관세 인하에 따른 소비세 인상정책이 보완재 시장에서는 교환재시장의 결과와는 달리 세수가 오히려 감소하는 결과가 도출된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 선행연구에서 제시된 관세 인하에 따른 소비세 인상정책이 소비세가 특정 수준 이상이고, 여기에 국내제품과 수입품의 상호보완성이 높은 시장에서는 사회후생과 세수를 모두 감소시키는 적절하지 않은 정책임을 보여주고 있다. This paper examines the revenue and welfare effects of tariff-tax reforms that consist of the following: 1) combining a cut in import duties with a point-for-point increase in domestic consumption taxes, and 2) leaving consumer prices of imported goods unchanged after the tariff-tax reform, focusing on a complementary goods market. In this study, we find the following three results. Firstly, under both Cournot and Bertrand competition, the reforms are welfare-reducing for any degree of complementarity between domestic and imported goods. Secondly, when the initial consumption taxes are high enough, both reforms are revenue-diminishing in a complementary goods market, whereas identical reforms are revenue-enhancing for a low degree of product differentiation in a substitutable goods market. Thirdly, when domestic and imported goods are close to perfect complements, the reforms are the most welfare-reducing and are highly likely to reduce government revenue even when initial consumption tax rates are moderate. In a complementary goods market, the tariff-tax reforms reduce both revenue and welfare although the primary purpose of the tax reforms is to make up shortfall from tariff cuts. Thus, the tariff-tax reform policies are ineffective in a complementary goods market under the following conditions: 1) when the initial consumption taxes are sufficiently high, and 2) when domestic and imported goods are close to perfect complements and the initial consumption taxes are higher than a certain moderate level.
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Source Authentication Protocol for IP-TV
Kieun Shin,Hyoung-Kee Choi 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
Presently, the demand for IP-TV, to satisfy a variety of goals, is exploding. IP-TV utilizes Conditional Access System (CAS), which controls the subscriber access to content. Although the current CAS scheme provides access control via subscriber authentication, there is no authentication scheme for the content provided by service providers. Thus, there is a vulnerability of security, through which an adversary can forge content between the service provider and subscribers. In this paper, based on a hash tree shceme, we proposed an efficient and strong source authentication protocol which removes the vulnerability of the current CAS.
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Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum as a Starter on the Food Quality and Microbiota of Kimchi
Kieun Lee,Yeonhee Lee 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.3
Lactobacillus plantarum has been reported to be responsible for acid increase at the later stage of kimchi fermentation and considered not inappropriate as a starter of kimchi. If functional L. plantarum strain can survive in large quantity in kimchi during fermentation, it may endow new functionality to kimchi. After 12 day fermentation at 4℃, L. plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Weissella cibaria, Weissella confusa, and Lactobacillus sakei were the most prevalent ones in kimchi without a starter. In kimchi with a starter, L. plantarum was detected from the 1 day fermentation and throughout 25 day fermentation. There was no difference in pH between 2 kinds of kimchi. The acid content after the 21 day increased more in kimchi with starter when most kimchi is consumed before this time. Survival of a starter strain throughout the whole fermentation suggested the possible use of various functional lactic acid-producing bacterias (LABs) to kimchi endowing a new beneficial function to kimchi.
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