Ownership Structure of Northeast Asian Countries

Seung Rok Park,Peter Drysdale,Shin Il Kang,In kie Hong 한국경제연구원 2004 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2004-02 No.-

1 In the first paper “Determinants of Corporate Ownership Structure and their effects on Corporate Governance in South Korea” by Shin-Il Kang, Korea’s unique characteristics, specifically the ownership structure and corporate governance are examined. The author takes a broad perspective by incorporating corporate culture, business leadership, and ownership structure in Korean corporation. Furthermore, he discusses the substitutability of Korean specific features given the rapidly changing economic environment. Under the Korea’s Chaebol structure, controlling shareholders, who are the real owner of firms, have exercised ownership rights while having a large proportion of shares aided by cross shareholdings. This has been possible through the pyramid ownership control structure as well as cross-shareholding among subsidiaries. Market circumstances related to management costs are not favorable to the firm with a dispersed ownership structure. In Korea, that’s the reason why ownership is concentrated. Given such a structure, the owners minimize costs related to management’s risks. Furthermore it proposes that leadership(firm culture) and ownership are substitutes. Concentrated ownership is needed when the leadership is not mature like Korean Chaebol. 2 The second paper “Issues in Japanese Corporate Governance” by Peter Drysdale examines some of the major issues of Japanese corporate governance today. The role of that main bank in corporate governance and inter corporate shareholding has been well documented. Although Japanese banks have rigorously monitored firms and have had an enormous influence on firms’ decisions and strategies through the owning of shares, firm performance under such a main bank system has not always been positive. Opposing views and their rationale regarding the pessimism behind the performance of firms in the main bank system are also explained in this paper. 3 The paper “Corporate Governance in China” by In Kie Hong discusses the current status and the restructuring efforts of China’s corporate governance. In China, state shareholders possess strong control rights over listed companies allowing them to exercise control even beyond their proportion of shareholding. Various governmental organizations(under the Communist Party) acting as representatives of the state as shareholders have influenced firms enormously, particularly regarding matters of organizing the board of directors as well as electing management. However since they have little incentives to manage state(national) assets and have insufficient capacity to monitor a large number of firms of which they are in charge, the principal-agent problem tends to prevail, which adds to the difficulties in preserving the value of state assets as well. 4 The last paper “Ownership Concentration and Corporate Performances in the Northeast Asian Countries” by Seung-Rok Park compares the relationship between corporate governance structure and corporate performance in Korea, Japan, and China by empirically examining the accounting corporate performances and technical efficiency measures. In the case of Korea, ownership concentration was shown to have positively affected all corporate accounting performance variables such as profit margin, return on shareholders’ funds, return on total assets, and return on capital employed. Furthermore, it was also found that ownership concentration positively affected corporate performance by helping improve the technical efficiency of firms. Unlike Korea, in Japan, there was no sign of a positive effect of ownership concentration on the accounting corporate performance and technical efficiency. Moreover, in the case of China, ownership concentration positively affected profit margin and return on total assets, while no positive effects of ownership concentration were found on return on capital employed and return on shareholders’ funds. It is shown in this study that the difference in the rel

한국에서 관측된 산성강수와 대륙적인 중국의 대기오염 이동

정용승,김학성,박기현 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 2002 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.7

1990년부터 청원(KHN)의 농촌기역에서 산성강우가 관측되었다. 청원의 10년 관측과 함께 다른 6개의 배경 관측소에서도 강우가 채집 및 분석되었다. 산성비는 전 관측에서 자주 발생되었다. KHN 에서는 다른 10년의 강수량 가중평균 VWM 값이 4.67이고 산술평균 값은 5.09이다. 일반적으로, 봄 철 황사가 발생될 때 pH 값이 높았으며, 여름철에는 비교적 중성 값을 보였다. 다른 계절에는 산성 강수가 대개 기류와 관련되었으며, 중국의 중부와 남부지방에서 오는 기류와 저기압은 한반도에서 낮은 pH 값을 발생시켰다. 1996년부터 인공위성을 이용 동아시아 대기오염의 장거리 이동을 모니터링하고 있으며, 황해를 지나 한반도에 이동되는 대기오염의 장거리 이동 사례를 많이 수집하였다. 한국의 산성비는 중국의 발원지로부터 공기의 지나온 분석, 산성 안개와 박무도 논의 되었다. Acid rain at a rural site in Chongwon(KHN), central Korea has been under observation since 1990. To substantiate the 10-year observations, rain samples from six other sites were also collected and analyzed. Results show that acid rain occurred frequently at all sites, At KHN, seasonal and annual variability of pH values had a 10-year VWM value of 4.67 and an arithmetic mean value of 5.09, In general, a high value of pH occurred during springtime when the occurrence of yellow sand (dust) was prevalent in East Asia; during summer, heavy rain usually contained neutral pH values. During other seasons, the degree of acidic precipitation usually coincided with certain air flows. Most frequently, air flows and cyclones coming from south and central China often resulted in precipitation with low pH values observed in Korea. Using daily satellite observations from 1996, we have also been monitoring the large-scale transport of air pollutants over East Asia. Many samples of long-range transport of air pollutants (LRTAP) were obtained when they were crossing the Yellow Sea and moving over the Korean Peninsula. Cases of acid rain in Korea clearly correlate wth the LRTAP from source regions in China. In this study, results of air-parcel trajectory, plus acid fog and mist analysis are discussed.

V_2O_5-B_2O_3-Al_2O_3 유리계의 B^11 핵자기 공명에 관한 연구

송승기,박만장 명지대학교 1982 明大論文集 Vol.13 No.-

The phase diagram of the V_2O_5―B_2O_3 and V_2O_5―B_2O_3―Al_2O_3 glass system has been accomplished. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques have been employed to investigate the environment of boron in the ternary glass system. The B^11 NMR spectra in the xV_2O_5 (95-x) B_2O_3 5Al_2O_3 and xV_2O_5 (90-x)B_2O_3 10Al_2O_3 glass system exhibit both broad line characteristic of BO_3 unit with bridging oxygens and narrow resonance line due to the borons in four coordinated to oxygens.

기계적 자극이 치주인대 세포의 osteoprotegerin과 receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향

이기주,이승일,황충주,,옥승호,전옥순 대한치과교정학회 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.4

본 연구는 치주인대 세포에 지속적이고 점진적 인장력을 가하여 치아 이동 시 형성되는 인장부위의 기계적 자극에 대한 생화학적 전달과 치조골 흡수와 생성 조절 기전을 이해하고자 하였다. 치주인대 세포가 배양된 유연한 성장 표면을 가진 배지에 지속적이고 점진적인 인장력을 가하고 골흡수 인자인 PGE_(2)와 골형성 인자인 ALP의 생성량을 1, 3, 6, 12시간 후에 측정하여 정량비교하였고 파골세포 분화기전을 조절하는 OPG, RANKL의 인자들과 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -8, -9, -13, tissue inhlbitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1의 인자들을 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사하여 m-RNA 발현을 비교한 결과, 치주인대 세포에 인장력을 가한 경우 대조군보다 PGE_(2)의 농도가 적었고 (p<0.05) ALP의 농도 변화는 없었으며 OPG의 mRNA 발현이 증가하였으나, RANKL의 mRNA 발현은 감소하였다. 그리고 TIMP-1과 MMP-1, -8, -9, -13의 mRNA 발현이 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 이상의 연구에서 사람의 치주인대 세포는 점진적이고 지속적인 인장력에 대한 반응으로 PGE_(2)의 생성과 RANKL의 mRNA 발현은 감소하고 OPG의 mRNA 발현은 증가하여 골흡수를 억제하는 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. Tooth movement is a result of mutual physiologic responses between the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone stimulated by mechanical strain. The PDL cell and osteoblast are known to have an influence on bone formation by controlling collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activation. Moreover, recent studies have shown that the PDL cell and osteoblast release osteoprotegerin(OPG) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) to control the level of osteoclast differentiation and activation which in turn influences bone resorption. In this study, progressively increased, continuous tenslonal force was applied to PDL cells. The objective was to progressively increased. continuous tensional force was applied to PDL cells. The objective was to find out which kind of biochemical reactions occur after tensional force application and to illuminate the alveolar bone resorption and apposition mechanism. Continuous and progressively increased tensile force was applied to PDL cells cultured on a petriperm dish wlth a flexible membrane. The amount of PGE_(2) and ALP synthesis were measured after 1, 3, 6 and 12 hours of force application. Secondly, RT-PCR analysis was carried out for OPG and RANKL whlch control osteoclast differentiation and MMP-1, -8, -9, -13 and TIMP-1 which regulate the resolution of collagen and resorption of the osteoid layer. According to the results, we concluded that progressively increased, continuous force application to human PDL cells reduces PGE_(2) synthesls, and increases OPG mRNA expression.

V_2O_5-B_2O_3유리계에서 V^51에 관한 연구

趙順基,宋勝己 명지대학교 1983 明大論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The vanadium-oxygen structural configuration in glasses of the binary system V_2O_5-B_2O_3 have been investigated by using the V^51 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technics. The peak-to-peak linewidth of the V^51 NMR in several glasses compositions exhibited that magnetic shift interactions are dominant with the nuclear quadrupole effects having influence only at the lowest applied frequencies. From the spectra obtained at the lower spectrometer frequencies, the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant e^2qQ/h was estimated from 1.7MHz to 2.5MHz.

제조에 對한 文獻的 考察

안태규,최병렬,송기철,이용연,유화승,서상훈,최우진,조정효,이연월,손창규,조종관 대전대학교 한방병원 2001 惠和醫學 Vol.10 No.1

In the literatual study on Holotrichia, the results were obtained as follows ; 1. Holotrichia is larva of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates etc. powder or liquor of Holotrichia is used medically. 2. Appearance of Holotrichia is shape of kidney, yellowish color. 3. The oriental characters of Holotrichia is warm, toxicant, salty. 4. The significant efficancy of Holotrichia is breaking the stagnant blood. 5. Holotrichia can be applied to the diseases related to thrombosis, and recover the demage of liver. 6. Holotrichia avails Liver diseases such as Hepatitis, Liver cirrhosis, Hepatosplenomegaly, Hepatoma etc.

폐경기 골다공증 여성에 있어서 Alendronate 치료에 대한 골교체의 생화학적 표지자의 평가

김기석(Kie Suck Kim),민부기(Bu Kie Min),이승필(Seung Fil Lee),김인숙(In Suk Kim),김훈영(Hun Young Kim),심재량(Jae Ryang Sim) 대한폐경학회 2000 대한폐경학회지 Vol.6 No.1

N/A Objectives: To evaluate the clinical utility of recently developed biochemical markers of bone turnover to monitor the response of osteoporotic patients to antiresorptive therapy, we compared the results of two advanced assays for markars of bone resorption and two of bone formation. Subjects and Methods: The rate of bone turnover in 37 women (mean±SD age, 58.2±4.5yr) with low boe mass and all postmenopausal women (mean±SD yr PMP, 8.3±5.2) was compared to that in 16 Premenopausal women(mean+SD age, 40.2±5.3yr) randomly selected from out-patient in our hospital and all have a normal spine bone mineral density(BMD). Perodically during the 12-month study,the level of several markers of bone turnover wen, measured. Serum osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase mesured by RIA were used to assess bone formation. To assess bone resorption, we measured urinary excretion of Dedxypyridinoline, type l collagen cross-linked N- telopeptide, Result: All bone formation markers and all bone resorption marker were significantly increased in PMP Osteoporotic women. Under treatment with alendronate, resorption markers decreased earlier than marker of bone formation, Conclusion: This study, using biochemical markers of bone turnover, demonstrates that bone turnover is increased in PMP osteoporotic women. Alendronate treatment decreased bone turnover to the normal premenopausal range, with a steady state level reached after 1 month of therapy with 10mg for resorption markers and after 3-6 months of therapy for markers of bone formation.

초등학교 아동 구치의 치면열구전색 효과

국승호(Seung Ho Gug),정학균(Hak Kyoun Jung),김동기(Dong Kie Kim) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 1998 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.22 No.2

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KSLV-Ⅰ 발사대 질소 공급 시스템 개발

조기주(Kie-Joo Cho),안규복(Kyu-Bok Ahn),김문기(Mun-Ki Kim),강선일(Sun-il Kang),라승호(Seung-ho Ra),오승협(Seung-Hyub Oh) 한국추진공학회 2011 한국추진공학회지 Vol.15 No.2

An Investigation of Amide Resonance of the Linear Peptides Synthesized in the total Synthesis of Ristocetin A : Variable-Temperature ^1H-NMR Study 가변-온도 양성자 핵자기 공명분광법 연구

Lee, Kie-Seung 우석대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 自然科學硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-