촉매를 이용한 이산화탄소 고정화 및 고리형 카보네이트 합성반응에 대한 계산화학적 해석

안혜영(Hye Young An),김민경(Min-Kyung Kim),정희철(Hui Cheol Jeong),엄기헌(Ki Heon Eom),원용선(Yong Sun Won) 한국청정기술학회 2016 청정기술 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구에서는 이론화학 또는 분자모델링이라 불리는 계산화학을 기존에 연구된 촉매반응 실험결과를 해석하는 데 접목시켜 보았다. 온실효과의 주범인 이산화탄소를 에폭사이드와 반응을 통해 고정화하고 카보네이트를 생성하는 반응을 선택하였는데 이 반응은 활성화 에너지(55~59 kcal/mol)가 높아 촉매의 사용이 불가피하다. 많은 기존 연구들 중에 ZIF-90/ionic liquid immobilized ZIF-90 (IL-ZIF-90), polystyrene-supported quaternized ammonium salt, KI/KI-glycine, dimethylethanolamine (DMEA)를 촉매로 사용한 경우에 대해 반응의 각 단계를 계산하여 반응의 경로를 예측하고 단계별로 구한 에너지를 바탕으로 에너지도를 구성함으로써 실험결과를 열역학적으로 해석하였다. ZIF-90/IL-ZIF-90과 KI/KI-glycine의 경우는 실험적으로 후자들이 상대적으로 높은 수율을 얻었는데 계산 결과 활성화에너지가 낮아진 이유가 아니라 전자들의 경우 반응 중간체가 높은 에너지를 가져 반응물로 되돌아가는 역반응에 의해 정반응의 진행이 방해를 받은 것으로 밝혀졌다. DMEA를 촉매로 사용하였을 경우는 활성화 에너지를 ~42 kcal/mol로 낮춰줌으로써 금속이나 할로겐염 없이도 촉매의 활성이 잘 일어남을 증명하였다. 폴리스티렌(polystyrene)으로 지지된 quaternized 암모늄염 촉매의 경우 클러스터 가정을 사용하여 계산을 진행하였으며 암모늄염의 -NH기와 에폭사이드의 O 원자 사이의 상호작용의 가능성을 확인할 수 있는 반응경로를 제시하였다. In this study, a computational chemistry methodology called as molecular modeling was been applied to explain several experiment results mechanistically. The reaction chosen for this study was to remove carbon dioxide, known as a primary greenhouse gas, by an epoxide via the carbon dioxide fixation to produce carbonates. This reaction inherently needs the use of catalysts because it has a significantly high activation barrier (55~59 kcal/mol). Among various types of catalysts, we studied in zeolitic imidazolate framework 90 (ZIF-90)/ionic liquid immobilized ZIF-90 (IL-ZIF-90), polystyrene-supported quaternized ammonium salt, KI/KI-glycine, and dimethylethanolamine (DMEA). First, probable reaction pathways were proposed based on calculated energetics by computational chemistry. The energetics was then used for the thermodynamic interpretation on the activity of catalysts. In the case of ZIF-90/IL-ZIF-90 and KI/KI-glycine, IL-ZIF-90 and KI-glycine showed better yields compared to their counterparts. The calculation proposed interesting results that it is not from the lowering of activation energy but from the unstable intermediates of ZIF-90 and KI-glycine. For DMEA, the calculated activation energy was ~42 kcal/mol, much lower than that of the non-catalytic reaction. A possible reaction pathway was located to confirm the interaction between -NH group from ammonium and oxygen from epoxide for polystyrene-supported quaternized ammonium salt.

Large cell acanthoma의 임상 및 병리 조직학적 소견과 Ki-67 발현 양상

정해홍(Hae Hong Jeong),서기석(Ki Seuk Suh),김상태(Sang Tae Kim) 대한피부과학회 1999 대한피부과학회지 Vol.37 No.9

N/A Background : 1970, Pinkus described large cell acanthoma(LCA) as a benign epidermal neoplasm which clinically resembles a actinic keratosis or seborrheic keratosis. However, the entity of this disease is still unclear. Objective : The purpose of this study was to find out if LCA is a distinctive entity by investigating its clinical features, histopathologic features and Ki-67 expreesion. Methods : 20 LCA samples including normal tissue were analyzed after investigating their clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 expression which was performed on the formalin-fixed, praffin-embedded tissue section. The assessment of immunohistochemical staining was based on the growth fraction(GF), defined as the number of Ki-67 positive cells divided by the total number of tumor cells counted, and was expressed in a percentage. Results : 1. LCA was usually presented as a well demarcated, brown or light brown, 5 to 30 mm, round, flat to hyperkeratotic scaly patch and plaque. It predominantly affected female(5.6 female : 1 males) againg from 37 to 76 years of age(mean 51 year0old). The duration of LCA ranged from 6 months to 30 years. In eleven cases, the lesion was located on the face and in nine cases, on the extremities. Eight cases showed a solitary lesion and twelve cases showed multiple lesions. Transformation to malignancy was not found. 2. Histopathologic study showed sharply circumscribed epidemal neoplasms characterized by large(approximately twice the normal size) uniform keratinocytes with proportinally large nuclei and an increase of melanin in the basal layer. In many cases, hypergranulosis(18 cases) and hyperkeratosis(17 cases) were observed. Occasionally, acanthosis(10 cases), papillomatosis(9 cases) and epidermal atrophy(7 cases) were also observed. However, keratinocyte necrosis was not observed. Moderate solar elastosis and moderate lymphocytic infiltration was observed in the upper part of the dermis in all cases. Mild and moderate melanin incontinence was observed in 14 cases and 1 case respectively. Appendage involvement(follicular infundibulum and acrosyringium) was observed in all cases. 3. The Ki-67 expression of LCA tissue(4.87±3.10%) was significantly higher than the adjacent Ki-67 strongly suggests that LCA is a distinctive entity. (Korean J Dermatol 1999;37(9) : 1261∼1268)

직장 카르시노이드 종양에서 Ki-67 발현의 예후적 중요성

홍수민 ( Su Min Hong ),김유선 ( You Sun Kim ),문정섭 ( Jung Seop Moon ),김진남 ( Jin Nam Kim ),오명기 ( Myoung Ki Oh ),권선옥 ( Sun Ok Kwon ),정성연 ( Seong Yeon Jeong ),홍성우 ( Seong Woo Hong ),강윤경 ( Yun Kyung Kang ) 대한소화기학회 2013 대한소화기학회지 Vol.61 No.2

Background/Aims: Rectal carcinoid tumors can be resected with endoscopy, and it is important to assess their prognostic factors. We evaluated the potential of Ki-67 expression as a prognostic factor in rectal carcinoid tumors. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 37 patients with rectal carcinoid tumors who got endoscopic resection from January 2001 to January 2011 at Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital. We analyzed their endoscopic and histologic findings, Ki-67 expression, clinical outcome, and prognosis. Results: The mean age (±SD) of the patients was 56.3±10.7 years, and the male : female ratio was 3.6:1. The mean tumor size was 0.5±0.4 cm, 33 patients showed grade 1 tumors (89.2%) and the average Ki-67 expression was 0.7±1.2%. Thirty five patients underwent endoscopic mucosal resection, and two required endoscopic submucosal dissection. Eight patients had positive margins after resection, but no cases of lymphovascular invasion were identified. The median follow-up duration was 21.4±25.4 months, and no recurrences were observed. Conclusions: In low grade rectal carcinoid tumors which are lack of central depression on colonoscopy, the expression of a molecular marker of malignant potential, Ki-67, was low. Therefore, endoscopic resection seemed to be a safe and effective treatment for these tumors.

식도의 원주상피 피복 점막에서 점액유전자 발현 및 세포증식능에 대한 연구

최석채 ( Suck Chei Choi ),김용성 ( Yong Sung Kim ),김기훈 ( Ki Hoon Kim ),김헌수 ( Hun Soo Kim ),조향정 ( Hyang Jeong Jo ),윤기중 ( Ki Jung Yun ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2007 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.13 No.1

목적 : 바렛식도는 지속적인 위식도역류 등으로 원위부 식도에 정상적으로 존재하는 편평상피세포 대신에 배상세포를 포함하는 장형 원주세포로 식도 점막이 피복되는 것을 말한다. 그리고 이형성을 거쳐 선암종으로 진행할 수 있기 때문에 이형성 이전 단계인 바렛식도의 발암과정에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 이에 바렛식도와 배상세포를 포함하지 않은 원주세포만 있는 식도를 대조군으로 하여 점액유전자 및 세포증식능에 대해 비교 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 임상 및 내시경적으로 바렛식도가 의심되어 원위부 식도에서 생검한 환자들 중에서 배상세포가 있어 조직학적으로 바렛식도로 증명된 25명의 환자와 배상세포가 없었던 환자들 중에서 무작위로 선택한 30예를 대조군으로 하였다. 생검 당시의 나이와 성별 그리고 MUC1, MUC2, Ki-67에 대한 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행하였다. 결과 : 바렛식도의 평균 나이 및 남자 비율은 각각 65.3±10.1세, 76.0%이였고, 대조군의 평균 나이 및 남자 비율은 각각 53.0±14.8세, 60.0%로 바렛식도의 나이가 대조군식도보다 의의있게 높았다. MUC1은 바렛식도 및 대조군 모두에서 100% 발현되었고, MUC2 발현율은 바렛식도 및 대조군에서 각각 92%, 20%이었다. Ki-67 발현율은 바렛식도 및 대조군에서 각각 80.0%, 70.0%이였고, Ki-67 발현 강도의 평균은 바렛식도 1.20±0.76, 대조군 0.77±0.57로 발현 강도에서 바렛식도가 의의있게 높았다. 결론 : 바렛식도는 원주세포만 있는 식도에서 보다 좀더 지속적인 위식도역류 등의 자극으로 생긴다. 그리고 MUC2는 주로 바렛식도에서 발현되고 세포증식능은 바렛식도에서 좀더 높으며 이는 MUC2 발현과 관련될 수 있다고 생각된다. Background/Aims: Barrett`s esophagus is characterized by the presence of metaplastic columnar epithelium with goblet cells in the distal esophagus. Barrett`s esophagus progresses through low grade dysplasia and high grade dysplasia to adenocarcinoma. We studied the patient age, the mucin gene and the proliferation activity of biopsy-proven Barrett`s esophagus and simple columnar epithelium-lined esophagus. Methods: To evaluate the mucin gene expression and proliferation activity, twenty five cases of Barrett`s esophagus and thirty cases of control esophagus were examined immunohistochemically with using the monoclonal antibodies to MUC1, MUC2 and Ki-67. Results: The Barrett`s esophagus patients were older (mean: 65.3±10.1 years) than the control patients (mean: 53.0±14.8 years). The MUC1 expression was 100% in both Barrett`s esophagus and the control esophagus. An MUC2 expression was observed in 92.0% of the Barrett`s esophagus and 20.0% of the control esophagus. The rate and intensity of the Ki-67 expression was higher in the Barrett`s esophagus (80.0%, 1.20±0.76) than that in the control esophagus (70.0%, 0.77±0.57). Conclusions: Barrett`s esophagus is a metaplastic lesion due to the more long-standing gastroesophageal reflux than that in a simple columnar epithelium-lined esophagus. The cause of increased proliferation activity in Barrett`s esophagus may be related to the MUC2 expression. (Kor J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007;13:21-25)

P196 : Effects of different electrical parameter settings on hair growth: the changes of dermal papilla cell in vitro and at microscopic level in animal tissue

( Ki Min Sohn ),( Kwan Ho Jeong ),( Joo Hyun Lee ),( Jung Eun Kim ),( Hoon Kang ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2

Background: Frequency electrical stimulation is clinically being used in variable skin therapeutic conditions such as skin rejuvenation and hair disorder. There have been several clinical studies demonstrating the positive effect of electrical stimuli on hair regrowth. However, its exact mechanism is yet to be clarified. Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate effects of different electrical parameter settings on hair growth by revealing the changes of dermal papilla cell in vitro and at microscopic level in animal tissue. Methods: Cultured dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and dorsal skin of rabbit were electrically stimulated with different parameter settings at alternating-current to find the optimal condition for hair growth. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by MTT. In addition, Ki67, proliferation marker, expression was measured by immunofluorescence. Hair growth-related gene expression in DPCs and the skin of rabbit were measured by RT-PCR. Results: At certain electrical settings, DPCs responded well and their proliferation was successfully induced. Wnt/β -catenin, Ki67, p-ERK and p-AKT expressions in DPCs increased at certain frequency settings. Dermal thickness and hair related genes (PDGF, VEGF, SOX9 and KGF) expressions in the skin of rabbit also significantly increased. Conclusion: These data suggest that electrical stimulations at certain electrical settings, may give more effective therapeutic outcomes for hair growth.

Hair growth promoting effects of different alternating- current parameter settings are mediated by the activation of Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK pathway

( Ki Min Sohn ),( Kwan Ho Jeong ),( Jung Eun Kim ),( Young Min Park ),( Hoon Kang ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.2

Background: There are clinical studies demonstrating the positive effect of electrical stimuli on hair regrowth. However, the underlying mechanism and optimal parameter settings are not clarified. Objectives: To investigate the effects of different parameter settings of electrical stimuli on hair growth by examining changes in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro and by observing molecular changes in animal tissue. Methods: In vitro, cultured hDPCs were electrically stimulated with different parameter settings. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The Ki67 expression was measured by immunofluorescence. Hair growth-related gene expressions were measured by RT-PCR. In animal model, different parameter settings were applied to the shaved dorsal skin of rabbit for 8 weeks. Expression of hair-related genes in the skin of rabbit was examined by RT-PCR.Results: At low voltage power (3.5V) and low frequency (1MHz or 2MHz) alterating current, in vitro proliferation of hDPCs was successfully induced. A significant increase in Wnt/モ-catenin, Ki67, p-ERK and p-AKT expression was observed. In animal model, hair regrowth was observed in the entire stimulated areas and expression of hair-related genes in the skin significantly increased. Conclusion: There are optimal conditions for electric stimulated hair growth and they might be different in the cells, animal, and human tissue. Electric stimuli induces mechanisms such as activation of Wnt/モ-catenin and MAPK pathway in hair follicles.

Purification and Characterization of Thermostable β-Glucosidase from the Brown-Rot Basidiomycete Fomitopsis palustris Grown on Microcrystalline Cellulose

Jeong-Jun Yoon,Ki-Yeon Kim,Chang-Jun Cha 한국미생물학회 2008 The journal of microbiology Vol.46 No.1

An extracellular β-glucosidase was purified 154-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity from the brown-rot basidiomycete Fomitopsis palustris grown on 2.0% microcrystalline cellulose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel gave a single protein band and the molecular mass of purified enzyme was estimated to be approximately 138 kDa. The amino acid sequences of the proteolytic fragments determined by nano-LC- MS/MS suggested that the protein has high homology with fungal β-glucosidases that belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 3. The Kms for p-nitorophenyl-β-D-glucoside (p-NPG) and cellobiose hydrolyses were 0.117 and 4.81 mM, and the Kcat values were 721 and 101.8 per sec, respectively. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by both glucose (Ki= 0.35 mM) and gluconolactone (Ki= 0.008 mM), when p-NPG was used as substrate. The optimal activity of the purified β-glucosidase was observed at pH 4.5 and 70°C. The F. palustris protein exhibited half-lives of 97 h at 55°C and 15 h at 65°C, indicating some degree of thermostability. The enzyme has high activity against p-NPG and cellobiose but has very little or no activity against p-nitrophenyl-β-lactoside, p-nitrophenyl-β-xyloside, p-nitrophenyl-α-arabinofuranoside, xylan, and carboxymethyl cellulose. Thus, our results revealed that the β-glucosidase from F. palustris can be classified as an aryl- β-glucosidase with cellobiase activity.

사염화탄소로 유발된 간손상에서의 효소 활성도의 변화로 본 홍화자 분획물의 간손상 보호 작용

정춘식,정기화,정정숙 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1999 藥學論文誌 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구소에서는 사염화탄소로 유발된 간손상에 대한 홍화자 메탄올 추출물과 이를 계통 분획한 분획물의 보호 효과를 이미 보고하였다. 본 실험에서는 혈장과 조직 생화학적 분석으로 홍화자 분획물의 간보호 효과를 확인하며, 간보호 작용에 대한 기전을 살펴보기 위하여 약물 대사 효소에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. 홍화자 butanol subfractions 중 BS-5 분획물은 CCl_4로 간손상을 유발시킨 흰쥐에서의 혈장 ALT와 AST 활성과 간조직 중 cholesterol and triglyceride를 감소시켰으며, 이러한 BS-5 분획물의 CCl_4로 유발된 간손상에 대해 보호 작용은 cytochrome P450 감소와 glutathione S-transferase의 활성 증가에 기인된 것으로 생각된다. Previous studies have shown that methanol extract and its butanol fraction of Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen have the hepatoprotective effect on the CCl_4-induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective effect of subfractions has been evaluated by analyzing blood and hepatocyte biochemical analyses and biotransformation enzyme analyses. Treatment of BS-5 subfraction has significantly decreased the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in liver have been decreased as compared with that of CCl_4 treated rats. The hepatoprotective effect of BS-5 subfraction on the CCl_4-induced hepatotoxicity would be mediated of the attenuation of the level of cytochrome P450 and the enhancement of the activity of glutathion S-transferase.

John Dewey와 崔漢綺의 經驗槪念의 比較 硏究

鄭基泳 東亞大學校 1984 東亞論叢 Vol.21 No.1

1. In spite of the difference in their geographical conditions, there is a similarity between J.Dewey and Hyekang Choi Han-ki in that they established the empiricism and the pragmatism. Above all, the empirical systems of their philosophy are quite similar in many aspects. But when we analyze their similarity minutely, we can find there are also peculiarities of their own. 2. Dewey's conception of experience is the same as action and nature, it is not only a method of congnition, but also a positive conception which develops itself on time and space infinitely. It is a guide and at the same time a useful instrument insolving the complicated problems. And it is subject of cognition and at the same time the object, the purpose and at the same time the means, the origin and at the same time the effect. Passing through past, present and future on time infinitely and taking all the sphere of universe as its object, experience develops itself unlimitedly. And Dewey is greatly influenced by Hegel's dialectic system. 3. Hyekang criticized the traditional Sungrihak(性里學) of Chosen Dynasty and developed original empiricism of his own. The univrese is covered with Sinchi(神氣), which is the base of experience. So all beings can communicate with each other by Sinchi which is the unifying principle of the universe. But the empirical recognition obtained by the communication of Chi(氣) is not certain that attestation through Conjecture(推測) is necessary. Through this process, it can be reached to Chein(體認) and Shift(變通) which are the full-recognition stages. Thus after full recognition of the reason of the universe, it is possible to apply the theory to reality. So it can safely be said that his empiricism is a system of dialectic development. The empirical system of Dewey and Hyekang is identical in their pragmatism; actualism; behaviorism and dialectic system. But in constrast to the experience of Dewey which is open, creative, informal and praticipant, that of Hyekang is passive, fiexed formal and definite. In conclusion, while the experience of Dewey is the logic of adaptation in reality, the experience of hyekang is that of reaction, which is the cause of his success and failure at the same time.

소화성 궤양에 대한 Nizatidine의 임상효과

안정기,이기천,허승식,이종선,정현용,이헌영,김영건 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1990 충남의대잡지 Vol.17 No.1

Nizatidine is a newly introduced potent H2-receptor antagonist of acid secretion with long duration of action. For evaluation of clinical efficancy and safety, twenty one patients with endoscopically proved thirteen gastric ulcers and eight duodenal ulcers were treated with nizatidine 300mg at bed time via per os for 6 weeks. The results were as follows 1. The rate of complete endoscopic healing of duodenal ulcer 92.3% and 87.5% after 6 weeks. The overall healing rate of peptic ulcer was achieved in 89.9% at 6 weeks. 2. Clinical symptoms disappeared in 84.6%, 92.3% and 100% of patients with duodenal ulcer and 75.0%, 87.5% and 87.5% patients with gastric ulcer at 2, 4 and 6 weeks respectively. 3. There were not developed any symptoms and signs suggesting side effect of drug. In conclusion, data from this study suggest that nizatidine 300mg p.o. at sleeping time is effective and safe in treatment of peptic ulcer disease, and is well tolerated on a short-term basis.