Multi‑tissue lipotoxicity caused by high‑fat diet feeding is attenuated by the supplementation of Korean red ginseng in mice

Seon‑A Jang,Seung Namkoong,이성률,Jin Woo Lee,Yuna Park,Gyeongseop So,Sung Hyeok Kim,Mi‑Ja Kim,Ki‑Hyo Jang,Alberto P. Avolio,Sumudu V. S. Gangoda,Hyun Jung Koo,Myung Kyum Kim,Se Chan Kang,Eun‑Hwa Sohn 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.1

Background Excessive intake of fat, one of the causes of obesity, is associated with low-grade infammation in various susceptible organs and eventually causes tissue toxicity. This study examines the multifaceted suppressive efects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRG) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced lipotoxicity and infammatory responses in the aorta, liver, and brain. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD with or without KRG for 12 weeks. The improvement efect in KRG on lipotoxicity and infammatory potential was determined in the blood and the aorta, liver, and brain tissues. Results KRG signifcantly inhibited 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity by >20% in vitro. KRG supplementation suppressed HFD-associated body weight gain, lipid profle changes, and excessive fat deposition in the liver and increased leptin, insulin, and ALT levels in the blood. Infammatory markers in the aorta, liver, and brain were also signifcantly reduced by KRG treatment. In microvascular endothelial cells, the 15% cyclic stretch-mediated upregulation of ICAM-1 and vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1) expression was signifcantly attenuated in the presence of KRG. Conclusion KRG supplementation attenuates HFD-mediated body weight gain, lipid profle changes, and multi-tissue infammatory responses.

Flangeless Esser PET Phantom 영상 자동 분석 프로그램의 유용성 평가

남궁창경,남기표,김경식,김정선,임기천,신상기,조시만,동경래,NamGung, Chang-Kyeong,Nam, Ki-Pyo,Kim, Kyeong-Sik,Kim, Jeong-Seon,Lim, Ki-Cheon,Shin, Sang-Ki,Cho, Shee-Man,Dong, Kyung-Rae 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: ACR (American College of Radiology) offers variable parameters to PET/CT quality control by using ACR Phantom. ACR Phantom was made to evaluate parameters which are uniformity, attenuation, scatter, contrast and resolution. Manual analysis method wasn't good for the use of QC because values of parameter were changed as it may user and it takes long time to analysis. Ki-Chun Lim, a nuclear scientist in AMC, developed program that automatically analysis values of parameter by using ACR Phantom to overcome above problems. In this study, we evaluated automatic analysis program's usability, through the comparing SUV of each method, reproducibility of SUV when repeated analysis and the time required. Materials and Methods: Using Flangeless Esser PET Phantom, the ideal ratio of 4 : 1 hot cylinder and BKG but it actually showed a ratio of 3.89 to 1 hot cylinder and BKG. SIEMENS Biograph True Point 40 was used in this study. We obtained images using ACR phantom at Fusion WB PET Scan condition (2 min/bed) and 120 kV, 100 mAs CT condition. Using True X method, 3 iterations, 14 subsets, Gaussian filter, FWHM 4 mm and Zoom Factor 1.0, $168{\times}168$ image size. We obtained Max. & Min. SUV and SUV Mean values at Cylinder (8, 12, 16, 25 mm, Air, Bone, Water, BKG) by automatic program and obtained SUV by manual method. After that, we compared manual and automatic method. we estimate the time required from opened the image data to final work sheet was completed. Results: Automatic program always showed same result and same the time required. At 8, 12, 16 and 25 m cylinder, manual method showed 6.69, 3.46, 2.59, 1.24 CV values. The larger cylinder size became, the smaller CV became. In manual method, bone, air, water's CV were over 9.9 except BKG (2.32). Obtained CV of Mean SUV showed BKG was low (0.85) and bone was high (7.52). The time required was 45 second, 882 second respectably. Conclusions: As a result of difference automatic method and manual method, automatic method showed always same result, manual method showed that the smaller hot cylinders became, the lager CV became. Hot cylinders mean region size, the smaller hot cylinder size becomes we had some trouble in doing ROI poison setting. And it means increase in variation of SUV. The Study showed the time required of automatic method was shorten then manual method.

국제인권규범을 통한 사회적 기본권의 구체화 가능성 검토

장선미,성기용 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2018 法學論集 Vol.22 No.4

사회적 기본권을 헌법에서 직접 규정하고 있는 우리 헌법의 해석론으로 가장 타당한 것은 구체적 권리설이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 구체적 권리설을 취할 때, 개별 기본권 규정에서 직접 도출될 수 있는 사회적 기본권의 구체적 내용이 무엇이냐에 대한 논의가 필요하다. 사회적 기본권 규정들을 어떤 방식으로 해석하여야 하는지에 대한 문제는 여전히 남아 있기 때문이다. 헌법상 사회적 기본권 규정들의 경우, 사회적 기본권이라는 주관적 권리에 대응하는 국가의 의무에 대한 내용을 함께 규정하고 있는데, 개별 규정에서 규정하고 있는 사회적 기본권의 구체적 내용은 무엇인지, 개인의 권리와 국가의 의무를 함께 규정하고 있는 이유 내지 의미는 무엇인지, 이때의 국가의 사회적 기본권 실현의무의 구체적 내용은 무엇인지를 규명하는 것 또한 구체적 권리설의 과제인 것이다. 사회적 기본권의 주관적 권리성 및 구체적 권리성 인정만으로 사회적 기본권이 개인의 기본권으로 보장되는 정도 내지 구속력이 객관설에 비해 크게 강화되는 것은 아니다. 사회적 기본권의 구체적 내용과 보장의 범위에 대한 더 나아간 논의가 없다면, 객관설이 지적하는 바와 같이 명목상 권리에 그치게 될 수 있다. 이러한 연구과제와 관련하여 생각해 볼 수 있는 연구의 방향은 사회적 기본권이 자유권적 기본권과 마찬가지로 그 토대를 인권에 두고 있다는 점에 주목하여, 국제인권규범 분야에서 사회적 기본권과 동일하거나 유사한 인권에 관한 규범과 그 해석론을 사회적 기본권의 구체적 내용 파악에 활용하는 것이다. 이 가운데 사회권의 최소핵심을 실현하지 않는 국가작용에 대하여는 사법심사의 대상으로 삼아 권리의 침해를 인정하여야 한다는 사회권에 특유한 심사기준인 최소핵심의무는 사회적 기본권에서도 핵심적 내용을 판단하는 기준이 될 수 있다. 최소핵심의무뿐만 아니라 기본권의 구체적인 내용을 규정하고 있는 국제인권규범은 헌법재판소의 심사 과정에서도 사회적 기본권을 구체화시키는 기능을 할 수 있다. The most reasonable interpretation of the Constitution which social rights are directly defined in it is to accept such a right as a subjective right. However, there remains the further question as to whether social rights have their own scope and to what they are and to what extent they need to protect constitutionally. These are the questions related to how to interpret the constitutional provisions to entrench social rights in the constitutional law. Many theories try to solve these problem. Some theories assert that social rights have just the objective value like the constitutional principles or that they have the character as weak subjective rights. But it is not accepted because the constitutional law explicitly has provisions related to social rights. Social rights must be understood as subjective rights like freedom or liberties and the state has to owe the positive obligation to protect the rights when the constitutional law stipulates social rights provision. The constitutional court does not review cases related to social rights positively. It claims that it is difficult to materialize social rights and the legislator has to solve the difficulty because the constitutional law authorize legislator to materialize social rights. These claims are very plausible. Actually democratic legitimacy of legislator is stronger than the constitutional court. But the constitutional law authorize the constitutional court to protect people by interpreting the constitutional law at the trial. So the constitutional court has to try to seek reliable criteria. International human rights norms can suggest direction for the court. Especially the minimum core of economic, social and cultural rights or the minimum core obligation of the state help the court suggesting effective criteria.

척수 손상인의 상부 운동원성 신경인성 장의대장 통과 시간과 배변 관리

임선희,나은우,이일영,조기홍 大韓再活醫學會 2000 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.24 No.3

죽음 및 임종자에 대한 태도 조사 연구

강기선 제주한라대학 1992 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This study is to understand tourist agents' and health Care giver's attitudes of terminally ill patient, to carry out more effective hospice care education and to provide the basic data for a desirable nursing of the terminally ill patients. The object of this study are 160 tourist agents and Health care givers. The method of the study is questionaire made by investigator. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, chi-square by SPSS-program. Result of this study are summarized as follows; 1.1) In the view of hospice care according to the occupation, (in the case tourist agents and Health givers) "The religion plays very important role to nurse the terminally ill patients.”; 64.5%“ 50.0%. 2) "I have never experienced counseling with the patients about hospice care."; 52.9%, 46.8%. 2. "Family should be informed when the death of the patients is unavoidabe. " ; 87.0%, 75.8%. 3.1) "The view of future life will exist"; 48.2%, 43. 5%. 2) Sacrificial rite should be maintained simply if possible."; 85.9%, 59. 7%. 4.1) "After dying, I want to be buried in the ground."; 41.2%, 43.5%. 2) "After dying, I want to be cremated."; 32. 9%, 35. 5%. 5.1) "The age that can recognized the death first is above D."; 35.3%, 46.8%. 2) "The death is the natural phenomenon that will be come to me someday."; 72.8%, 64.5%. 3) "The death is an event that an individual can not control.”; 89.4%“ 95.2%. 6. In the attitudes of the terminally ill patients's nursing by tourist agents and health care givers. 1) "When the patients who can not be restored to life need you, I will do my best for him/her."; tourst agents-41.9%. 2) "I will listen to the terminally ill patient's words holding his/her hands."; heath care givers-37.6%. 3) "I will listen to the terminally ill patients' words as much as possible and I must lead him to the condition that he/she accepts his/her death."; 76.4%, 75.8%. 4) ⓐ I prescribe a pain-killer to reduce a palm"; Health care givers-42.4%. ⓑ "I will do my best in order that the patient act reasonably according to his/her physical conditions.'': tourist agents-41.9%. 7.1) "I have ever talked with others about death."; 78.8%, 77.4%. 2) "The death should be prepared in advance."; 65.9%, 62. 9%. 3) "If I am on limited-timed life, I will try to use the remaining time for an important thing best."; 32.9%, 25.8%. 4) "When I am on my death bed, I want to talk with the nurse about my life problems first."; 41.2%, 53.2%. 5) "Religion plays very important role for the attitude of death.": 47.0%, 46.8%. 6) "After dying, I worry about the unknown world."; 50.6%, 45.2%. 7) "The thing that exerts the most effect on the attitude of death is the death of the most close person."; 64. 7%, 59.6%. 8) "I have an individual philosophy of life and death.": 61. 2%, 66. 1%. 8.1) In the view of hospice care according to the religion. "That the religion plays the most important role to nurse the terminally ill patients was the highest regardless of the religion. 2) "I have never experienced counseling with the patients about hospice care."; Christianity 52.4%, Catholic 66.6%, Buddhism30.8%, No religion 56.0%. 9. "If the death of the patient is unavoidable, it should be informed to the family." was the highest regardless of the religion. 10.1) In the view that the future life exists. ; Christianity 52.4%, Catholic 55.6%, Buddhism 46.2%, No reigion 42.4%. 2) In the view that the sacrifical rite should be performed simply. ; Christianity 71.4%, Catholic 88.8%, Buddhism 64.1%, No religion 78.8%. 11. "If you die, do you want to be buried in the ground?" ; yes; Christianity 33.3%, Catholic 50.0%, Buddhism 43.6%, No reigion 42.4%. 12.1) ⓐ The age that can recognize the death is above 10.": Catholic 61.1%, Buddhism 38.5%, No religion 37.9%. ⓑ "The age that can recognize the death is from 6 to 9."; Christianity 38.0%. 2) The death is the natural phenomenon that will come to me someday."; Christianity 47.6%, Catholic 83.2%, Buddhism 79.5%, No religion 68.4%. 3) The death is an event that an individual can not control." ; Christianity 85.7%, Catholic 94.5%, Buddhism 97.4%, No religion 91.0%. 13. In the attitudes of the terminally ill patient's nursing. 1) ⓐ "When the patient who can not be restored to life needs you, I will do my best for him/her."; Christianity 28.6%, Buddhism 41.0%, No religion 36.4%. ⓑ "I will listen to the patient's words holding his/her hands."; Christianity 23.8%, Catholic 38.8%, Buddhism 30.8%, No religion 27.3%. 2) "I will listen to the terminally ill patient's words as much as possible and I must lead him to the condition that he/she accepts his/her death."; Christianity 76.2%, Catholic 72.2%, Buddhism 71.8%, No religion 80.3%. 3) ⓐ "I prescribe a pain-killer to reduce a pain."; Christianity 42.9%, Catholic 33.3%, Buddhism 33.3%, No religion 41.0%. ⓑ "I will do my best in order that the patient acts reasonably according to his/her physical contions. " ; Christianity 19.0%, Catholic 27.8%, Buddhism 41.0%, No religion 24.2%. 14.1) "I have ever talked with others about death."; Christianity 76.2%, Catholic 83.3%, Buddhism 71.8% and No religion 80.3%. 2) "The death should be prepared in advance."; Christianity 76.2%, Catholic 61.1%, Buddhism 61.5% and No religion 63.6%. 3) "If I am on limited-timed life, I will try to use the remaining time for an important thing best."; Christianity 33.3%, Catholic 33.3%, Buddhism 35.9% and No religion 25.8%. 4) "When I am on my deathbed, the content that I want to talk with nurse is "Life problem. " ; Christianity 52.4%, Buddhism 56.4% and No religion 45.5%. "Symptom of disease"; Catholic 33. 3%. 5) "Religion plays very important role for the attitude of death."; Christianity 66.7%, Catholic 50.0%, Buddhism 51.1% and No religion 37.9%. 6) "After dying, I worry about the unknown world."; Christianity 48. 0%, Catholic 33.3%, Buddhism 43.6% and No religion 53.0%. 7) "The thing that exerts the most effect on the attitude of death is the death of the most close person.'': Christianity 52.4%, Catholic 55. 6%, Buddhism 71.8% and No religion 60.6%. 8) "I. have an individual philosophy of life and death." ; Christianity 71.4%, Catholic 77.8%, Buddhism 61.5% and No religion 59.1%. 15.1) "In the view of hospice care according to the sex, that the religion plays the most important role to nurse the terminally ill patient's.": man 47.5%, woman 61.7%. 2) "In the question that have you ever experienced the spiritual conversation with the patient. "No"; man 47.5%, woman 51.4%. 16. "If the death of the patient is unavoiidable, it should be informed to the family.'; man 80. 0%, woman 83.2%. 17.1) "In the view that the future life exists."; man 32.5%, woman 50.4%. 2) "In the view that the sacrificial rite should be performed simply.; man 67.5%, woman 77.6%. 18. "If you die, do you want to be buried in the ground?" "yes" ; man 45.0%, woman 41.1%. 19.1) "The age that can recognize the death is above 10. " ; man 47.5%, woman 37.4%. 2) "The death is the natural phenomenon that will come to me someday.' ; man 72.5%, woman 68.2%. 3) "The death is an event that an individual can not control."; man 95.0%, woman 90.7%. 20. In the attitudes of the terminally ill patient's nursing according to the sex, 1) ⓐ "When the patient who can not be restored to life needs you, I will do my best for him/her."; man 42. 5%. ⓑ "I will listen to the patient's words holding his/her hands. " ; woman 32.7%. 2) "I will listen to the terminally ill patient's words as much as possible and I must lead him to the condition that he/she accepts his/her death. " ;man 77.5, woman 75.7%. 3) ⓐ "I will do my best in order that the patient acts reasonably according to his/her physical conditions."; man 45. 0%. ⓑ "I prescribe a pain-killer to reduce a pain.'; woman 41. 2%. 21.1) "I have ever talked with others about death."; man 77. 5%, woman 78.5%. 2) "The death should be prepared in advance."; man 55.0%, woman 68.2%. 3) "If I am on limited-timed life, I will try to use the remaining time for an important thing best"; man 27. 5%, woman 30.8%. 4) "When I am on my death-bed, the content that I want to talk with nurse is "Life problem."; man 47.5%, woman 45.8%. 5) "Religion plays very important role for the attitude of death." ; man 45.0%, woman 47.7%. 6) "After dying, I worry about the unknown world."; man 50.0%, woman 47.7%. 7) "The thing that exerts the most effect on the attitude of death is the death of the most close person."; man 60. 0%, woman 63.6%. 8) "I have an individual philosophy of life and death."; man 62. 5%, woman 63.6%.

미성숙 상악 연구 중철치에서의 치근파절 치험례

김기백,김선미,최남기,양규호 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

모라음운론에서의 서게르만어 중자음화

양선기 순천대학교 어학연구소 1991 어학연구 Vol.3 No.-

This study proposes a version of moraic theory and argues that so-called West Germanic gemination is not simply an insertion of consonants as it has been traditionally considered but a special type of compensatory lengthening. the moraic theory proposed here is some-what different from that of Hayes (1989) in that onset consonants are not directly linked to the syllable node but to the leftmost mora of a syllable. This makes it possible to represent the length of both consonants and vowels uniformly. In the CV-theory, resyllabification leaves and empty slot behind only when it applies to t도 input having an empty C slot in the syllable-initial position. In the moraic theory, however, and empty mora is left behind after the application of resyllabification if the second mora of the left syllable is linked exhaustively with only one segment. Due to the different effects of resyllabification, any CV-theory cannot account for the gemination in West Germanic as compensatory lengthening triggered by resyllabification, but the moraic theory can do and further predict when the process can occur.

다공질규소 PL의 온도의존성 해석

이기원,박선화,김영유,안은준 公州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2004 自然科學硏究 Vol.11 No.-

본 연구에서는 다공질규소의 온도를 상온에서부터 10K까지 감소시키면서 PL스펙트럼을 측정하여 PL의 온도의존성을 관찰하였다. 그 결과를 Lee가 제안한 세 가지 발광원인에 대한 에너지띠구조 모형을 도입하여 해석하였다. 그 결과 다공질규소 PL의 온도의존성은 Lee가 제안한 세 가지 발광원인이 규소화합물에 의한 발광, 계면에서의 발광, 양자구속효과에 의한 발광이라고 할 때 만족하게 설명되었다. In this research, we investigated temperature dependence of photoluminescence characteristics of porous silicon in temperature ranges from room temperature to 10K. the results, we analyzed it introduce electronic band structures suggest by Lee et al. It is about that three different luminescence origins. From results, we found that temperature dependence of porous silicon photoluminescence were explained properly when electronic band structure of three different luminescence origins is based on the chemical model and the interface region model and the quantum confinement model.

검은비늘버섯의 포장재와 저장온도에 따른 저장 효과

김기식,주선종,윤향식,김민아,박성규,김태수 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

본 연구는 검은비늘버섯((CBPM-6호)의 선도유지 효과를 알아보기 위해 포장재(Wrap, PE, PP, AF) 및 저장온도(1℃, 3℃, 6℃)을 달리하여 18일간 결과를 다음과 같다. 저장기간 중 포장재별 중량 감모율은 랩 포장시 1℃에서 18일 후 3.17%이었으나, AF필름에서는 1.08%의 낮은 중량 감모율을 나타내었다. 색도는 저장기간이 연장될수록 명도와 황색도는 약간 증가하는 반면 랩 표장에서는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 버섯 저장 전 색깔은 랩 포장에서는 3일, PE, PP, AF포장지에서는 18일까지 유지되었다. 경도는 저장온도가 높을수록 낮아지는 경향이었으며 1℃에서 저장할 때 AF 밀봉 저장이 경도의 변화가 가장 적은 것으로 나타났다. 신선도는 1℃ 저장시 신선도 8을 기준으로 랩 포장은 3일, PE 밀봉은 6일, PP 밀봉은 9일, AF 밀봉으로 15일간 저장시 상품성을 유지할 수 있다. This study was carried out to develop storage method for the keeping freshness with various packing film(Wrap, PE, PP and AF and storage temperature(1, 3 and 6℃) of Pholiota adiposa(CBPM-no6) mushroom. The rate of weight loss packed with Wrap film was 3.17%, but AF film was 1.08% after 18days. As the storage periods, lightness and yellowness of mushroom packed with PE, PP and AF were slighty increased, while Wrap film was decreased. The color of original raw mushroom preserved 3days using Wrap film and 18 dyas using PE, PP and AF. As storage temperature high, the rigidity of mushroom decreased. Rigidity of mushroom packed with AF film was less change compared with the other film. Freshness degree of mushroom(refer to Minamide method) could preserve for 3days using Wrap, 6 days using PE, 9 days using PP and 15days using AF film at 1℃.

島嶼用 太陽光 및 디젤發電 시스템의 比較 分析

李基善 충남대학교 1985 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.2

Diesel generators(DG) have been widely used as power system for remote rural communities and islands where the grid power is inaccessible. However, a recent trend is that, as the price of solar cell continues to go down, photovoltaic(PV) power system is getting more cost-competitive with diesel power system. This paper deals with systems that can be replaced with the conventional diesel power system such as PV, PV-DG hybrid and the modified version of a diesel generator system. System designs are made and economics is compared under the same load conditions. PV system is superior in reliability and operational conveniency but the main drawback is its high initial cost. PV-DG hybrid system is considered in that it can reduce such cost compared with PV system with the use of an inconvenient diesel generator as a back-up to a smaller PV generator to the extent that it can take maximum advantage of PV power generation rather than economic merits. Modified DG system is designed with added use of storage batteries that will enable to supply power for 24 hours a day for the purpose of mutual comparison with other types of power systems.