Ki-67 labeling index as a prognostic marker in advanced stomach cancer

Sang Hyuk Seo,Kwang Hee Kim,Sang Hoon Oh,Yunseon Choi,Ki Jung Ahn,Ji Young Lee,Sang Min Lee,박지선,Woo Gyeong Kim 대한외과학회 2019 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.96 No.1

Purpose: Proliferation marker Ki-67 is widely used in cancer prognosis prediction. We tried to investigate the role of Ki-67 as a prognostic factor in stomach cancer after surgery in this study. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 251 patients who underwent curative resection for gastric cancer from 2010 to 2015. In pathologic examination, Ki-67 labeling index was defined as the percentage of Ki-67 antigen positive cells. Prognostic significance of Ki-67 for gastric cancer was evaluated. Disease-free survival (DFS) was assessed as a primary end-point. Results: The median follow-up period was 28.0 months. Thirty-one patients (12.4%) showed Ki-67 labeling index (LI) lower than 25%. Sixty-eight patients (26.6%) showed recurrence during follow-up period. Recurrence was associated with Ki- 67 LI level (≤25%, P = 0.016), and lymph node metastasis status (P = 0.002). High Ki-67 LI level (>25%) was also related to p53 positivity (P < 0.001) and poorly cohesive type (P = 0.002). The 3-year DFS was 69.4%. Low Ki-67 LI level (≤25%) was related with low DFS (47.6% vs. 72.6%, P = 0.016). T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P = 0.006), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.010), and neuronal invasion (P = 0.001) also affected the DFS. In addition, T stage (P = 0.03) and Ki-67 LI (P = 0.035) were independent prognostic factors for DFS. In patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 239, 93.4%), low Ki-67 (≤25%) was a poor prognostic factor for DFS (P = 0.013). Conclusion: Low Ki-67 LI predicts high rate of progression and low DFS of stomach cancer. Ki-67 LI can be a predictive marker in resected stomach cancer treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.

『璿源寶鑑』에 수록된 山圖의 表現技法에 관한 연구

황인혁(Hwang, In-Hyuk),김기덕(Kim, Ki-Duk) 한국역사민속학회 2014 역사민속학 Vol.0 No.44

山圖에 대한 연구는 古地圖를 중심으로 繪畵와 風水 등 다양한 분야에서 다양한 시각으로 꾸준히 연구 성과가 축적되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 연구는 대부분 文獻硏究에 의한 山圖의 양식과 종류 그리고 실생활에서의 활용 등에 초점이 맞추어져 있고 山圖 자체에 대한 분석과 연구는 미진한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 山圖에 대한 체계적인 연구를 위해 지금까지 축적된 山圖에 대한 선행연구를 기반으로 山圖表現의 특징을 세 가지 관점으로 분류하고 분석하여 아래와 같은 결과를 도출하였다. ① 山圖에 적용된 坐向에 대한 정보를 통해, 『璿源寶鑑』 山圖의 제작과정에서 『增補文獻備考』의 자료를 참고하였을 가능성을 밝혔고, ② <司空公陵圖>에 사용된 凡例를 통해 <司空公陵圖> 제작자가 古地圖 전문가일 가능성을 밝혔으며, ③ 『璿源寶鑑』 山圖에 표기된 太祖의 4代 祖 능에 표기된 位置情報의 내용을 ?北道各陵殿圖形? 山圖의 내용과 비교?분석하여 두 자료의 연관성과 또 다른 版本의 존재 가능성에 대해 논하였고, ④ 羅經의 발명과 발전이 地圖와 山圖의 정확한 표현에 영향을 미치는 과정과 이러한 방위 표기법이 古地圖와 山圖에 각각 다르게 적용된 사례를 살펴보았다. 그리고 ⑤ 山圖의 대상지에 대한 자연환경을 효과적으로 표현하기 위해 물길과 도로가 『璿源寶鑑』 山圖에 각각 다르게 표현된 사례를 정리하였고, ⑥ 山圖의 표현에서 중요한 요소인 물(水)에 대한 표현을 中國의 風水書와 일부 다르게 표현하고 있음을 밝혀 조선시대 山圖가 기본적으로는 中國 風水書의 표현을 따르고 있지만 우리만의 독자적인 표현기법도 동시에 존재하였음을 살펴보았으며, 마지막으로 ⑦ 山圖에 표기된 風水用語들을 분석하여 山圖가 자연 지형을 風水地理 명당 공간으로 형상화한 그림지도임을 확인하였다. 『Seonweon Bogam』 was made for the purpose of delivering information on the tomb of members of the royal family of the Joseon Dynasty. Accordingly, it covered all of Sando making a pictorial expression of the tomb. But its value has been doubted as it is roughly expressed and different from the picture of the actual scene. But 『Seonweon Bogam』 is the only book that covers Sando of all the kings of the Joseon Dynasty but contains the elements making it possible to estimate the possibility that the original Sando might be used in making Sando. Accordingly, it is a high time to make an in-deep study of this. This study attempted to investigate Sando included in 『Seonweon Bogam』with a focus on the expressive style. For this purpose, it sought to analyze seven elements such as the exposure, the legend, locational information, direction, waterway and road, expression on water and Fengshui(風水) terminology. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn: Sando concerning the tombs of members of the Joseon Dynasty was continually made. It was made in two ways such as the way of drawing the scene on spot and the way of imitating the existing made material. And it could be estimated that there is a possibility that Sando of 『Seonweon Bogam』 might be copied by the figure with only a little expertise about Sando but on the basis of several materials about the existing Sando of the royal family.

리조트 시설의 형태적 특성에 관한 연구

서기영,이성창,이재혁 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.6

The purpose of this study is to provide the design method of the resort facilities to give proper visual characteristics. For this purpose, SD(Semantic Differential Scale) technique was conducted as the main research method and SPSS(Statistical package for the Social Sciences) program was applied for statistical analysis. The results are summarized as follows : (1) The visual factors of resort facilities are defined Harmony, Identification, Order, Entertainment, Decoration and Clearness. (2) There visual factors are closely related to Nature, Shape, Formation, Display, Ornament and Material. (3) Therefore, when planning and designing resort facilities, these relationship can be applied very usefully in systematic fashion.

지방중소도시 환경개선을 위한 Super Graphic에 관한 연구 : 아파트를 중심으로 Focus On Apartments

김기준,신승혁 경복대학 2001 京福論叢 Vol.5 No.-

도시공간에 있어 수퍼그래픽은 시민의 정서적 안정과 도시 미관을 개선한다는 입장에서 제작되기 시작했고 지금에 와서는 도시 환경디자인의 빼놓을 수 없는 분야가 되었다. 도시환경을 개선한다는 일차적 목적 이외에도 지역주민의 상징과 공동체 의식을 높여주고 때에 따라서는 랜드마크나 광고선전 매체로 활용되며 도시환경의 시각요소로서 수퍼그래픽은 도시민들에게 친근감있게 부합 할 수 있어야 하며 주거환경과 지역적 특성을 살려 대중적인 의미로 전달 활용되어야 한다. 그러므로 도시 아파트 수퍼그래픽을 체계적으로 연구 조사하여 현대 사회를 살아가는 인간의 생활환경에 맞게 개선할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 이에 지방중소도시 아파트의 수퍼그래픽을 중심으로 문제점을 제기하고 유형과 특성을 분석하여 특색있는 만드는데 도움이 되고자 한다. In urban spaces, Super Graphic has been produced focusing on improving civil emotional stability and urban beauty, and now is an indispensable field of urban environmental design. This has to improve not only urban environment but also regional resident symbol and community consciousness, be used for a landmark or advertising media on occasions, be familiar with urban citizens as a visual element of urban environment, and be used for a popular meaning considering residential environment and regional characteristics. Therefore this study focuses on systematically researching and investigating the Super Graphic that can harmonize with modem human living environment. And this is for the purpose of presenting a problems based on the Super Graphic of regional small and medium cities and analyzing their types and features to construct characteristic environment.

만성 골수성 백혈병 환자에서 발생한 거대 후복막강내 혈종 1예

박기령,김영선,박사영,최진혁,이순남,정화순 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1996 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.19 No.1

Thrombohemorrhagic complications in chronic myeloproliferative disease(CMPD) including chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML) are not rare. Lower incidence of disordered hemostasis is reported in CML compared with other CMPD. The mechanism of thrombohemorrhagic complications might be a consequence of qualitative platelet abnormalites and prolonged bleeding time rather than that of thrombocytosis. Although defect of platelet function has been extensively investigated, there was no established consistent correlation between clinical bleeding and number and function of platelet. The most common site of bleeding complications in the CMPD is superficial mucosa. Bleeding in deep tissue and viscera is very unusual. We report a case of CML which developed a huge spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma.

日帝時代 韓半島 農業의 地域構造 硏究

김기혁 釜山大學校 사범대학 지리교육과 1994 釜山地理 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes of agricultural regional structure and its process through crop combination and agricultural policy in Korean peninsula in period of Japanese imperialism (1910-1945). Materials for the identification of regional structure are acquired through statistical year book(1912) and agricultural census published by each provinces(1935). Reglonalization are conducted through crop combination. Crop combination structure, using locational quotient, was clustered into generic regions through cluster analysis. In these contexts, this study has come to the following conclusions. In 1912, early period of Japanese imperialism, four generic regions were distributed, Factors which determined the distribution were socio-economic conditions on the basis of physical conditions. Especially, market-oriented crops such as cotton has an effect on determination of regional structure. And double-cropping in rice fields gave rise to ubiquitious distribution of rice. In 1935, the middle period under the rule of Japanese imperialism, with the regional function of provision with food to Japan, regional structure of Korea was reorganized for this function. On the basis of land survey, land development project forced in the early period had raised the land productivity, but regional structure had become to be dependent upon Japanese market. Crops leading this dependent spatial structure during this period were rice and cotton. Rice producted in Korea were carried out through harbour, such as Gunsan, Incheon, and Pusan, so dependent regional structure were organized centered on these harbours. Agricultural region, specialized with rice are distributed in the hinterland around these harbour. G. arboreum, species of cotton which was traditionally cultivated since 1364, had been driven out in this period. And G. hirustun species, which is suitable for the production of highly qualified textile, has been hierarchically diffused by force. Regions specialized with cotton were distributed around regions where rice was specialized. Those results of research show that regional structure of Korean agriculture in 1910-1945 was reorganized for the Japanese capitalist accumulation system. Its function in accumulation system was provision with food to laborious in Japan.

새로운 農地制度의 摸索

朴基赫 韓國農業政策學會 1993 농업경영정책연구 Vol.20 No.1

지역연구 자료로서의 부산 지역 고지도 기초 연구

김기혁 釜山大學校 사범대학 지리교육과 2000 釜山地理 Vol.9 No.1

Koreans have had much interest in and knowledge of astronomy and geography from earliest times. Detailed as well as abbreviated maps were produced during the Chosun Dynasty (1392-1910). Maps most frequently produced in this dynasty were maps of Korea where only distances between towns were recorded along with the names of mountains, rivers, and post-horse roads. Also produced in the dynasty were special maps, such as maps of mountains and rivers; maps of particular mountain areas, maps of mountain range; maps for military use, maps of army jurisdictions etc. Coloured were used for convenience; notes were provided as if the map had been an appendix to a geographic writing.. From the seventeenth century, world maps of Western origin were introduced in Korea through missionaries. These maps brought new perspectives and technologies to Korean Geography, which the production of maps even more. The map made in the traditional era of Korea was among the last. Its author was Kim, Chong-Ho. Called DaedongYeojido, the map was completed in 1861. The scale is 1 to 160,000. Folding and unfolding like an accordion, it consists of 22 pages. This study is the examine the usefulness of old maps as the materials of the historical geography of Pusan. About 78 Chosun dynasty maps covering Pusan was collected from the antiques maps books and related literature. The earliest and detailed map covering map is Pusanpo-Jido produced in 1474 which is in the travel description written by Shin, Sook-Joo. The most detailed maps is Haedong-Jido. Those maps can be classified by the area described in the map as follows 1) Dongrae-Pu where is area of Pusan Metropolitan Area 2) Kijang-hyun where was the independent county in that period, but nowadays is the regional subcenter in Pusan. 3) Keumjeong Mountain Castle which was built for the military defense in the wartime. 4) Dongrae Castle which was the regional center in Chosun-dynasty but nowadays is the regional center in Pusan. 5) Pusan-Po where was subcenter in the Chosun Dynasty but nowadays harbour facilities is built. 6) Oe-Kwan which was the military service area of Japanese, but became the CBD from the Japanese Imperialism (1910-) main center. 7) Soo-Young Castle which was marine military center in Chosun Dynasty but regional center nowadays. 8) Transport route along the coast in Chosun Dynasty. Types of those maps were very diverse. Some maps was described with the regional geography with statistics. The others were described like pictures. And another maps were produced by the survey. But all of those maps could be useful for historical geography, such as the study of reconstruction of the past geography and changes through the times.

보조동사의 생산성

김기혁 연세대학교 국어국문학과 1983 연세어문학 Vol.16 No.-

건조 담체 고정화 Zymomonas mobilis 세포의 oxidoreductase 활성도

장기효,이제혁,전억한 경희대학교 유전공학연구소 1991 遺傳工學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

박테리아인 Zymomonas mobilis는 glucose와 fructose를 각각 gluconic acid와 sorbitol으로 동시전환할 수 있다. Glucose fructose oxidoreductase에 의하여 glucose의 산화와 fructose의 환원이 일어난다. 균체를 cationic detergent인 CATB(cethyltrimethylammoniumbromide)로 처리하여서 투과성을 높인 후에 glutaraldehyde로 crosslinking 하였던 결과, 균체에서의 glucose-fructose oxidoreduc-tase의 유출이 감소되었으며 고정화균체의 안정성이 증가하였다. 투과성을 증가시킨 균체를 K-carra-geenan으로 고정화하여서 연속공정을 실시한 결과 효소의 안정성이 30일 이상 지속되었다. Kcarrageenan으로 고정화한 균체를 건조시 beads의 견고성과 저장성의 향상이 나타났다. 건조된 Kcarrageenan 담체의 V_(max)값은 39C와 pH6.2에서 free cells의 거의 절반값을 나타내었다. 연속공정에서 회석비율 0.1h^(-1)일때 wet beads와 건조 beads에서의 sorbitol 생산성은 각각 3.2∼3.5, 2.85∼2.9(g/l-h)를 나타내었다. The bacterium Zymumonas mobilis is able to convert glucose and fructose to gluconic acid and sorbitol simultaneously. The enzyme complex, which is responsible for glucose oxidation and fructose reduction, has been described as glucose-fructose oxidoreductase. After treatment of the cells with cationic detergent CTAB(Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide) for permeabilization, the cells were treated with glutaraldehyde in order to crosslink enzymes. Glutaraldehyde treatment of the permeabilized cells could improve the stability of the system by decreasing the loss of glucose-fructose oxidoreductase. The methods of glutaraldehyde cross-linking of enzymes in CTAB treated cells immobilized in K-carrageenan showed a stable ability of enzymes in CTAB treated cells oxidoreductase for 30 days of process. K-carrageenan beads entrapped with permeabilized cells were dried to improve bead rigidity and storage stability. The value of V_(max) for the dry K-carrageenan beads was found to a 1/2 of that of free cells. It was shown that the productivities of the continuous process with wet K-carrageenan beads and dry beads at dilution rate 0.1h^(-1) were 3.2-3.5 g/l-h and 2.85-2.9 g/l-h, respectively.