진해 일대 조류의 종 다양성

이원호,장지덕,최병인,강성룡,김성진,권기정 동아대학교 부설 기초과학연구소 2004 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구은 진해항 일대의 조류상을 조사ㆍ분석한 것이다. 조사는 2001년 12월부터 2002년 4월까지 28회를 조사하였다. 센서스 기간 중 총 61종의 조류를 조사 지역내에서 관찰할 수 있었으며, 연 55,115개체가 관찰되었다. 종수의 합계와 총 개체수 그리고 종별ㆍ개체별 출현 빈도에서 유도된 종 중요도는 불은부리갈매기[0.58], 괭이갈매기[0.14], 흰죽지[0.12], 고방오리[0.07], 민물도요[0.07], 참새[0.06], 재갈매기[0.06]가 중요한 종으로 나타났다. 월별 최대 관찰 개체수는 2001년 12월에 46종 5,993개체를 관찰하였으며, 2002년 1월에 37종 7,105개체, 2월에 37종 8,837개체, 3월에 38종 4,106개체, 그리고 4월에 32종 2,819개체를 관찰하였다. 종 풍부도는 4월에 가장 높게 나타났으며, 종 다양성과 균등도는 1월이 가장 높게 나타났다. 월별 종의 유ㆍ무와 개체수를 비교하여 양방향 유사도를 분석한 결과 2월과 3월의 조류 군집이 유사한(0.69: Pearson Correlation Index) 것으로 나타났고, 다음으로 1월(0.617), 12월(0.522)로 12, 1, 2, 3월이 하나의 cluster를 형성하고 있었으며, 4월이 틀린 cluster를 형성하고 있다. 수금류, 섭금류, 갈매기류, 참새류 등 4가지 중요 군집으로 구분하여 개체수를 비교한 결과 66%가 붉은부리갈매기 외 3종의 갈매기류였고, 21%가 혹부리오리 외 13종의 수금류, 7%가 붉은머리오목눈이 외 21종의 참새목, 5%가 흰물떼새 외 5종의 섭금류, 1%미만의 맹금류, 논병아리류, 가마우지류의 조류로 나타났다. We investigated the abundance and local distribution of birds, in four areas of the jinhae. Data were collected from four areas in the jinhae from 2001 to 2002. In this study, 55115 individual birds of 80 species were censused. We evaluated important species with abundance of birds were as follows: Black-headed Gull[0.58], Black-tailed Gull[0.14], Pochard[0.12], Pintail[0.07], Dunlin[0.07], Tree Sparrow[0.06], and Herring Gull[0.06]. The number of species and individuals in each month were recorded as follows: 5993 individual birds of 46 species in December(2001), 7105 individual birds of 37 species in January(2002), 8837 individual birds of 37 species in February, 4106 individual birds of 38 species in March, 2819 individual birds of 32 species in April. In study period, the april was the highset richness(R' =0.60) and the January was the highest diversity(H'=2.08) and evenness(E5=0.52) with an expected species number of E[S_(818)]=29. Pairwise similarity declined with increasing distance between recording month and recording month from two different clustered separately in a UPGMA cluster tree. Comparison of population variable at 4 sites of 4 classes was compared as follows: 1.Gull(66%), 2. Waterfowl(21%), 3. Passerine(7%), and 4. Wader(5%).

Design of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Bridge and Analysis of Electromagnetic Characteristics and Mechanical Stress

Ki-Doek Lee,Won-Ho Kim,Chang-Sung Jin,Ik-Sang Jang,Jae-Nam Bae,Ju Lee 한국자기학회 2010 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.2010 No.12

Analysis of Motor Performance According to the Inductance Design of IPMSM

Ki-Doek Lee,Hyung-Woo Lee,Ju Lee,Won-Ho Kim IEEE 2015 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.51 No.3

<P>There is a relationship between motor performance and the d-q axis inductance of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). Three design approaches for d-q axis inductance were adopted to design the inductance of an IPMSM. Because a change in the pole-arc to pole-pitch ratio changed the d-q axis path, the motor characteristics were first analyzed according to the pole-arc to pole-pitch ratio. Next, the motor characteristics were analyzed according to the various combinations of air gap flux density and stack length. Finally, the models of 10 pole-12 slot and 10 pole-45 slot were analyzed. When the speed-torque characteristics of the inductance design models were satisfied, the d-q axis inductance and the motor performance were analyzed for each of the three methods. One model that satisfied the desired characteristics was manufactured for the experiments, and then the accuracy of the simulation and the claim of this paper were verified through the experiments.</P>

Design to Reduce Cost and Improve the Mechanical Durability of IPMSM in Traction Motors

Ki-Doek Lee,Ju Lee 한국조명·전기설비학회 2014 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.28 No.5

The interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is often used for the traction motor of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) due to its high power density and wide speed range. This paper introduces the 120kW class IPMSM for traction motors in military trucks. This system, as a SHEV (series hybrid electric vehicle), requires a traction motor that can generate high torque. This study introduces a way to reduce costs by proposing a design approach that creates reluctance torque that can be maximized by varying the dq-axis inductance. If a model designed by a design approach meets the desired torque, the magnetic torque can be reduced by an amount equal to the increase in reluctance torque and consequently the amount of permanent magnets can be reduced. A reduction gear and high speed operation of motors are necessary for the miniaturization of the motor. Thus, a fairly large centrifugal force is generated due to the high speed rotation. This force causes mechanical interference between the rotor and the stator, and a design approach for adding an iron bridge is explained to solve the interference. In this study, the initial model and the improved model that reduces cost and improves mechanical durability are compared by FEA, and the models are produced. Finally, the FEM results were verified experimentally.

Local demagnetisation analysis of a permanent magnet motor

Ki-Doek Lee,Won-Ho Kim,Chang-Sung Jin,Ju Lee IET 2015 IET electric power applications Vol.9 No.3

<P>Irreversible demagnetisation of a permanent magnet (PM) at high temperature can be caused by the field distributions because of the stator currents. It can be prevented if the magnet thickness is sufficient. However local irreversible demagnetisation can occur even if the magnet thickness is sufficient. The local irreversible demagnetisation is varied according to the magnetic path. To analyse the cause of local irreversible demagnetisation, the authors introduced an interior PMSM (IPMSM), consisting of a V-shaped magnet and concentrated winding, and performed a parameter analysis of the magnetic field based on the barrier width and magnet position considerably related to the magnetic path using the finite-element method. On the basis of the results, the authors developed a model avoiding local irreversible demagnetisation. A maximum load test was performed after a thermal saturation test to confirm whether irreversible demagnetisation of the manufactured models occurred. Finally, to verify the validity of the finite-element analysis (FEA) results, the torque, efficiency, power factor and induced voltage of the manufactured model, which were obtained by FEA, were compared with the test results.</P>

IPMSM의 약 자속 영역에서 고 토크를 위한 형상 설계 방법

이기덕(Ki-Doek Lee),이주(Ju Lee) 대한전기학회 2015 전기학회논문지 Vol.64 No.4

영구자석 동기전동기가 전압과 전류 제한을 갖는 상태에서 고속으로 운전하기 위해서는 약 자속 제어를 수행해야 한다. 영구자석 동기전동기는 설계 방법에 따라서 정 토크 및 약 자속 영역에서의 출력 특성이 상이하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 약 자속 영역에서의 고 토크를 위한 IPMSM의 회전자 형상 설계를 수행하였다. 우선 마그네틱 토크와 릴럭턴스 토크의 관계에 따라서 약 자속 영역의 토크 향상을 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법을 IPMSM의 회전자의 형상 설계를 통해 적용하였고, 유한요소 해석을 통해 기존 모델과 개선 모델의 특성을 비교 분석하여 제안한 방법의 타당성을 검증하였다.

견인용 IPMSM의 신뢰성 향상을 위한 형상 설계

이기덕(Ki-Doek Lee),이주(Ju Lee) 대한전기학회 2015 전기학회논문지 Vol.64 No.5

IPMSM for traction motor has high power density and wide operating range. But high power density causes internal temperature rise and it makes big armature reaction which causes irreversible demagnetization. And with wide operating range, rotor rotating fast gets stress from centrifugal force. For this reason, traction motor is designed to considerate stress of rotor and irreversible demagnetization for reliability. This paper explains shape design method of 120kW IPMSM accounting improvement of reliability. Finally, the validity of the analysis and the performance evaluation were verified through testing of the final model.

Halbach magnet array 구조를 이용한 철도차량용 구동 전동기의 출력밀도 향상 설계 방법

이기덕(Ki-Doek Lee),전현우(Hyun-Woo Jun),이주(Ju Lee),이형우(Hyung-Woo Lee) 대한전기학회 2014 전기학회논문지 Vol.63 No.12

Generally, traction motors for railway vehicles are inferior to that of electric vehicle in terms of output density. Traction motors for railway vehicles are relatively free of spatial constraints than motors electric vehicles, but in terms of whole system efficiency, increasing output density of traction motor is helpful. In this paper, using Halbach magnet array structure, output density of traction motor for 40kW class tram was elevated. This paper introduce detailed design process of the Halbach magnet array structure applied model, and check the affects on output characteristics by parameters like rotor shape, airgap diameter and pole ratio. Also, electrical output characteristics were compared between typical SPMSM model and Halbach magnet array model, which has same output size.

Design to Reduce Cost and Improve the Mechanical Durability of IPMSM in Traction Motors

Lee, Ki-Doek,Lee, Ju The Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrica 2014 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.28 No.5

The interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is often used for the traction motor of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) due to its high power density and wide speed range. This paper introduces the 120kW class IPMSM for traction motors in military trucks. This system, as a SHEV (series hybrid electric vehicle), requires a traction motor that can generate high torque. This study introduces a way to reduce costs by proposing a design approach that creates reluctance torque that can be maximized by varying the dq-axis inductance. If a model designed by a design approach meets the desired torque, the magnetic torque can be reduced by an amount equal to the increase in reluctance torque and consequently the amount of permanent magnets can be reduced. A reduction gear and high speed operation of motors are necessary for the miniaturization of the motor. Thus, a fairly large centrifugal force is generated due to the high speed rotation. This force causes mechanical interference between the rotor and the stator, and a design approach for adding an iron bridge is explained to solve the interference. In this study, the initial model and the improved model that reduces cost and improves mechanical durability are compared by FEA, and the models are produced. Finally, the FEM results were verified experimentally.

Inductance Calculation of Flux Concentrating Permanent Magnet Motor through Nonlinear Magnetic Equivalent Circuit

Lee, Ki-Doek,Lee, Ju,Lee, Hyung-Woo IEEE 2015 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.51 No.11

<P>In order to design a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the inductance must be computed. In this paper, the flux concentrating PMSM (FCPMSM) is introduced. Calculating the inductance is difficult because of the complex structure of the rotor. Because the rib and the bridge consist of an iron core, they have nonlinear characteristics. In order to obtain the effective value of the inductance, nonlinear characteristics must be considered in a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC). In this paper, to calculate the inductance of an FCPMSM, the relative permeance of the rotor was analyzed. Then, the <I>dq</I>-axis MEC, including the nonlinear magnetic reluctance, was created using the flux line. Finally, we verified the validity of the proposed inductance calculation method by comparing the results between the finite-element method and the proposed method.</P>