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Khuhro, Rab Dino,Talpur, Muzaffar A.,Davis, F.M.,Collison, C.H. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2004 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.7 No.3
The chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (Say), has become an important early-season pest of corn, Zea mays L., in the southeastern United States. Information on overwintering of chinch bugs is available but it is primarily from studies conducted in the central and midwestern states. Studies were conducted to describe chinch bug overwintering sites, changes in population densities in bromesedge, Andropogon virginicus L., and the timing of spring and fall flights from and to overwintering sites in a northeastern Mississippi environment during a three year period. Adults were found to over winter in many sites on the study area. High numbers of chinch bugs were found to congregate in bromesedge plants along roadsides or within cut-over woodland. Adults began to move into bromesedge for overwintering in September, but the largest increase occurred in October. Winter mortality from December to the end of February was slight probably because of mild winters during the three year study. Adult numbers in bromesedge began to decline in March as insects began to leave the overwintering site, and the rate of evacuation increased rapidly as temperatures warmed in April. Significant negative correlations were found to exist between the decline in numbers of chinch bugs in bromesedge and spring daily average and maximum temperatures. Fall and spring flight to and from overwintering sites based on captures of adults on aerial traps were found to be in general agreement with the timing of adult increase and decline on bromesedge.
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Rab Dino Khuhro,Muzaffar A. Talpur,F.M. Davis,C.H. Collison 한국응용곤충학회 2004 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.7 No.3
The chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus leuco- pterus (Say), has become an important early-season pest of corn, Zea mays L., in the southeastern United States. Information on overwintering of chinch bugs is available but it is primarily from studies conducted in the central and midwestern states. Studies were conducted to describe chinch bug overwintering sites, changes in population densities in bromesedge, Andropogon virginicus L., and the timing of spring and fall flights from and to overwintering sites in a northeastern Mississippi environment during a three year period. Adults were found to over winter in many sites on the study area. High numbers of chinch bugs were found to congregate in bromesedge plants along roadsides or within cut-over woodland. Adults began to move into bromesedge for overwin- tering in September, but the largest increase occurred in October. Winter mortality from December to the end of February was slight probably because of mild winters during the three year study. Adult numbers in bromesedge began to decline in March as insects began to leave the overwintering site, and the rate of evacuation increased rapidly as temperatures warmed in April. Significant negative correlations were found to exist between the decline in numbers of chinch bugs in bromesedge and spring daily average and maximum temperatures. Fall and spring flight to and from overwintering sites based on captures of adults on aerial traps were found to be in general agreement with the timing of adult increase and decline on bromesedge.
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Sajjad Ali Khuhro,Hui Liao,Xiao-Tong Dong,Qi Yu,Qi Yan,Shuang-Lin Dong 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.2
Odorant sensitivity and selectivity play a crucial role in insects for finding host plants,mates and oviposition sites. General odorant binding proteins (GOBPs) are thought to be involved in the detection of general odorants released by foods and host plants. However, recent studies suggest GOBPs may also play some role in detection of sex pheromones. In the present study with the rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker) real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) measurements showed that both GOBP genes were specifically expressed in the antennae of both sexes, proposing their important roles in olfaction. To examine their specific functions, binding affinities to three sex pheromones and 35 plant volatiles were measured using fluorescence competitive binding assays. As a result, both GOBPs showed very strong binding affinities (Ki=0.33–1.50 μM) to all three sex pheromone components (Z11–16:Ald, Z9–16:Ald and Z13–18:Ald). In addition, GOBP1 and GOBP2 displayed high binding affinities (Ki b 10 μM) to two volatiles (farnesol and oleic acid) and five volatiles (+)-cedrol, farnesol, myrcene, β-ionone and linoleic acid), respectively; GOBP1 and GOBP2 also displayed moderate binding affinities (Ki = 10–20 μM) to two and one compounds, respectively. Furthermore, electroantennogram (EAG) measurements indicated that except oleic acid and myrcene, all volatiles of high binding affinity could elicit significant EAG response in moths of one or both sexes. Our study suggests that two CsupGOBPs tune to different array of plant volatiles, and also play roles in perception of the female sex pheromones, providing insights in to the mechanisms of olfaction in C. suppressalis.
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Sajjad Ali Khuhro,Hui Liao,Guan-Heng Zhu,Shuang-Mei Li,Zhan-Feng Ye,Shuang-Lin Dong 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4
Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) play important roles in the insect olfaction and other diverse physiological processes. Forty OBP genes have been molecularly identified from Chilo suppressalis (Walker), a notorious rice pest in Asian countries, but little is known about the olfactory function for most of these genes. In the present study, we first determined the tissue expression profiles of 34 OBPs (excluding two general odorant bonding proteins (GOBPs) and four pheromone binding protein (PBPs)) by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and found that 9 genes (OBP1, 3, 4, 11, 15, 17, 19, 20 and 24) were specifically or predominantly expressed in antennae of both sexes, suggesting their roles in olfaction, while three genes (OBP29, 30 and 32) were almost not expressed in antennae. Focusing on olfactory roles, the ligand specificities of six antenna specifically or predominantly expressed genes were further investigated for 35 plant volatiles, using the fluorescence competitive binding assays. The results revealed that six OBPs displayed different ligand preference, suggesting a differentiation of OBPs in ligand binding spectrum. Of six tested OBPs, OBP3, 11, 17, 19 and 31 showed moderate (Ki =10.21–19.85 μM) or high (Ki < 10.00 μM) binding affinity for 11 and one plant volatiles, respectively. In particular, a plant volatile β-ionone had high or moderate binding to all five OBPs. Our study suggests that these five OBP genes play important roles in the perception of different host plant volatiles, providing insight into the olfactory mechanism in C. suppressalis.
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Muzaffar A. Talpur,Khuhro, Rab-Dino Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2004 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.7 No.2
The studies on the relative occurrence and abundance of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) revealed that aphid appeared on leaves during 3rd week of January and on the inflorescences during 2nd week of February and continued up to harvesting on both the varieties. The peak populations (42.7) and (28.7) per leaf on Rainbow and Oscar varieties were recorded. Whereas, the peak populations (7.5) and (6.6) per inflorescences were recorded on these varieties. The higher mean population ranges (9.2 to 28.7) and (25.1 to 42.7) per leaf on Oscar and Rainbow and (3.9 to 6.6) and (2.3 to 7.6) per inflorescence were recorded from February 15 to March 5. The temperature range of 16.5 to $20.6^{\circ}$, seems to have favored the pest multiplication. The predator species such as, green lacewing beetle, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), eleven-spotted ladybird beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata (Linn.) and seven-spotted ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata (Linn.) were recorded when the pest population of aphids was sufficiently developed on the canola varieties.
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Efficient Document Similarity Detection Using Weighted Phrase Indexing
Papias Niyigena,Zhang Zuping,Mansoor Ahmed Khuhro,Damien Hanyurwimfura 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.5
Document similarity techniques mostly rely on single term analysis of the document in the data set. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the process of document similarity detection, more informative feature terms have been developed and presented by many researchers. In this paper, we present phrase weight index, which indexes documents in the data set based on important phrases. Phrasal indexing aims to reduce the ambiguity inherent to the words considered in isolation, and then improve the effectiveness in document similarity computation. The method we are presenting here in this paper inherit the term tf-idf weighting scheme in computing important phrases in the collection. It computes the weight of phrases in the document collection and according to a given threshold; the important phrases are identified and are indexed. The data dimensionality which hinders the performance of document similarity for different methods is solved by an offline index creation of important phrases for every document. The evaluation experiments indicate that the presented method is very effective on document similarity detection and its quality surpasses the traditional phrase-based approach in which the reduction of dimensionality is ignored and other methods which use single-word tf-idf.
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Mari. J. K.,S. M. Nizamani,M.K. Lohar,R.D. Khuhro 한국응용곤충학회 2004 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.7 No.3
Biology of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fab. and Coccinella undecimpunctata L. on alfalfa aphid Therioaphis trifolii Monell were investigated during winter season at Tando Jam, Sindh, Pakistan. The latent period of M. sexmaculatus was 31.7±0.3 and C. undecimpunctata 6.7±0.1 seconds. Duration of copulation in M. sexmaculatus and C. undecimpunctata were 81.8±5.4 and 64.5±6.1 minutes. The oviposition and post-oviposition period of M. sexmaculatus, were 27.4±4.1 and 4.5±0.3 days and C. undecimpunctata, were 19.9±5.2 and 3.8±0.4 days. Fecundity per female was observed 602±75.3 for M. sexmaculatus and 761±85.2 for C. undecimpunctata. The mean egg periods of M. sexmaculatus and C. undecimpunctata were 8.6±1.2 and 7.3±1.0 days. Larval duration for first, second, third and fourth instars of M. sexmacu- latus were 7.3 ±0.6, 4.3±0.2, 3.8±0.3 and 6.7±1.1 days. The pupal period of M. sexmaculatus was 3.6±0.3 and C. undecimpunctata was 5.1±0.5 days. The adult period of M. sexmaculatus, (female and male) under this study was 34.9±4.8 and 29.7±1.2 days.
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J.M., Mari.,Nizamani, S.M.,Lohar, M.K.,Khuhro, R.D. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2004 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.7 No.3
Biology of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fab. and Coccinella undecimpunctata L. on alfalfa aphid Therioaphis trifolii Monell were investigated during winter season at Tando Jam, Sindh, Pakistan. The latent period of M. sexmaculatus was 31.7$\pm$0.3 and C. undecimpunctata 6.7$\pm$0.1 seconds. Duration of copulation in M. sexmaculatus and C. undecimpunctata were 81.8$\pm$5.4 and 64.5$\pm$6.1 minutes. The oviposition and post-oviposition period of M. sexmaculatus, were 27.4$\pm$4.1 and 4.5$\pm$0.3 days and C. undecimpunctata, were 19.9$\pm$5.2 and 3.8$\pm$0.4 days. Fecundity per female was observed 602$\pm$75.3 for M. sexmaculatus and 761$\pm$85.2 for C. undecimpunctata. The mean egg periods of M. sexmaculatus and C. undecimpunctata were 8.6$\pm$1.2 and 7.3$\pm$1.0 days. Larval duration for first, second, third and fourth instars of M. sexmaculatus were 7.3$\pm$0.6, 4.3$\pm$0.2, 3.8$\pm$0.3 and 6.7$\pm$1.1 days. The pupal period of M. sexmaculatus was 3.6$\pm$0.3 and C. undecimpunctata was 5.1$\pm$0.5 days. The adult period of M. sexmaculatus, (female and male) under this study was 34.9$\pm$4.8 and 29.7$\pm$1.2 days.
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