Sentinel Node Biopsy Examination for Breast Cancer in a Routine Laboratory Practice: Results of a Pilot Study

Khoo, Joon-Joon,Ng, Chen-Siew,Sabaratnam, Subathra,Arulanantham, Sarojah Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3

Background: Examination of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies provides accurate nodal staging for breast cancer and plays a key role in patient management. Procurement of SLNs and the methods used to process specimens are equally important. Increasing the level of detail in histopathological examination of SLNs increases detection of metastatic tumours but will also increase the burden of busy laboratories and thus may not be carried out routinely. Recommendation of a reasonable standard in SLN examination is required to ensure high sensitivity of results while maintaining a manageable practice workload. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer were recruited. Combined radiotracer and blue dye methods were used for identification of SLNs. The nodes were thinly sliced and embedded. Serial sectioning and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining against AE1/AE3 were performed if initial H&E sections of the blocks were negative. Results: SLNs were successfully identified in all patients. Ten cases had nodal metastases with 7 detected in SLNs and 3 detected only in axillary nodes (false negative rate, FNR=30%). Some 5 out of 7 metastatic lesions in the SLNs (71.4%) were detected in initial sections of the thinly sliced tissue. Serial sectioning detected the remaining two cases with either micrometastases or isolated tumour cells (ITC). Conclusions: Thin slicing of tissue to 3-5mm thickness and serial sectioning improved the detection of micro and macro-metastases but the additional burden of serial sectioning gave low yield of micrometastases or ITC and may not be cost effective. IHC validation did not further increase sensitivity of detection. Therefore its use should only be limited to confirmation of suspicious lesions. False negative cases where SLNs were not involved could be due to skipped metastases to non-sentinel nodes or poor technique during procurement, resulting in missed detection of actual SLNs.

Regional Identity and Belonging: Timor-Leste and ASEAN

( Khoo Ying Hooi ) 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원(구 부산외국어대학교 동남아지역원) 2020 Suvannabhumi Vol.12 No.2

Emerging from Portuguese colonialism and Indonesian occupation to become one of the newest states, Timor-Leste is an interesting example of modern nation-building. Geographically, Timor-Leste is located in the area covered by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In such context, Timor-Leste has a strong claim to belonging to Southeast Asia. Timor-Leste nevertheless has not yet been admitted formally as a member despite its application for membership in March 2011. This paper locates Timor-Leste in a broader context of their construction of regional identity and as part of Southeast Asia. Drawing upon the constructivist approach, this paper suggests that the complexity of Timor-Leste’s regional affiliation with ASEAN is made more challenging with its quest to assert itself as a nation-in-themaking.

The Shaping of Childcare and Preschool Education in Singapore : From Separatism to Collaboration

Khoo Kim Choo 육아정책연구소 2010 International Journal of Child Care and Education Vol.4 No.1

The development of the childcare and kindergarten systems in Singapore took different paths historically before reaching common grounds for collaboration. While the objectives of kindergartens under the Ministry of Education have been vey much focused on preparing children for school, that of the childcare system, under the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports have been very much influenced by various policies throughout the years – welfare, economic, population, social and education policies. All these policies have helped to shape the quality of the care, development and education of young children in the childcare system today. To benefit all young children in childcare or kindergartens, services for the early years need to be geographically and financially accessible, of good quality and address issues of equity as well. Singapore depends on the political will and private initiatives working in partnership with parents to bring the early childhood field to the next level of development.

First-principles study of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in CoFe/MgO and CoFe/Mg3B2O6interfaces

Khoo, K. H.,Wu, G.,Jhon, M. H.,Tran, M.,Ernult, F.,Eason, K.,Choi, H. J.,Gan, C. K. American Physical Society 2013 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.87 No.17

Electoral Reform Movement in Malaysia : Emergence, Protest, and Reform

Khoo Ying Hooi 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2014 Suvannabhumi Vol.6 No.2

Protests are not new in Malaysia, though it is restricted by the ruling government. The trend of street protests and demonstrations since the emergence of Coalition for Clean and Fair Elections (Bersih), Malaysia’s first people movement on electoral reform, has triggered a sentiment of people power among Malaysian citizens. With protests and popular mobilization becoming pronounced in Malaysian politics, political activism becomes for Malaysians a channel of discontent and expression of political preferences. Using information obtained from interviews with individuals linked to the movement, this paper articulates that protests are no longer exclusive to Malaysians. This paper illustrates the emergence of the Bersih movement and explores the three Bersih mass rallies that took place in 2007, 2011, and 2012. This paper further links the protests with the electoral reform initiatives. It argues that the Bersih movement has managed to lobby fundamental changes in the Malaysian political culture.

Management of Chronic Asthma: A Holistic Approach

Khoo, Kay-Leong,Tan, Yoke-Khim Medical Publications Korea 1999 Medical Progress Vol.21 No.5

Political Turbulence and Stalemate in Contemporary Malaysia: Oligarchic Reconstitutions and Insecurities

Khoo Boo Teik 서강대학교 동아연구소 2018 TRaNS(Trans –Regional and –National Studies of Sou Vol.6 No.2

Malaysian politics has been turbulent over the past two decades, as seen in the damaged tradition of leadership transition, non-violent revolts against successive regimes, and unstable realignments of opposing forces. Two startling symptoms point to disorder. One is the heavy electoral losses and loss of legitimacy suffered by the post-Mahathir regimes. The other is the political re-entry of Anwar Ibrahim and Mahathir Mohamad. The persisting turbulence raises certain questions. Why has the ruling party, the United Malays National Organization, been susceptible to internal fighting, being at once a source of hegemonic stability and systemic instability? Why has the apex of the United Malays National Organization repeatedly jeopardised its traditions of leadership succession? Why has one leader, Mahathir Mohamad, been involved in all the disputes? How did the crisis of the party, not just the regime, become intimately tied to economic crisis? Conventional paradigmatic explanations of Malaysian politics – inter-ethnic rivalry in a plural society, elite solidarity, and regime type (semi-democratic, hybrid, or competitive authoritarian) – are of little help even if ethnicity, elite conduct, and authoritarian rule are relevant. Instead, this essay suggests that the turbulence is part of a long trajectory of oligarchic reconstitution bound to a peculiar nexus of state, ethnicity, and class. The paper does not construct a theory of Malaysian politics. It offers a historically informed exploration of a leitmotif of an unfinished project that runs through much of the past 20 years of political conflict and struggle.

Being Chinese and Being Political in Southeast Asia

Khoo Boo Teik 서강대학교 동아연구소 2013 TRaNS(Trans –Regional and –National Studies of Sou Vol.1 No.2

Recent studies of the Chinese in Southeast Asia have tended to deconstruct the hybrid, transnational, diasporic, and de-territorialized attributes of ‘Chineseness’, and theorize the politics thereof. In contrast, earlier scholarship on the politics of Southeast Asia’s ethnic Chinese raised many questions over the positions, rights, and roles associated with being ‘overseas Chinese’. Hence, many analyses of Chinese politics, from suppressed quietude to militant contestation, tended to ask, ‘Why and how was that politics Chinese?’ This article asks, instead, ‘Why and how were the Chinese political?’ within the larger rubric of Southeast Asian politics. It argues that posing the first question helped officialdom, academia and media to determine who among the ‘overseas Chinese’ were friends or foes. Asking the second question, it is argued, involves a boundarycrossing shift that sees the immigrant Chinese engaged in a full spectrum of Southeast Asian politics under the impacts of colonialism and nationalism, and capitalism and anti-capitalism. After exploring the shift in perspective from ‘being Chinese’ to ‘being political’, the article suggests that politics beyond China-oriented positions, state-bound stances, or preoccupations of ethnic identity, particularly in Malaysia transformed Southeast Asia to the point of ‘creating’ a ‘largely Chinese’ state out of Singapore.

Management of Terminal Illness in the Elderly : Current Approaches in Singapore

Khoo Oon Teik Medical Publications Korea 1974 Medical Progress Vol.1 No.11

토마스 웨이드(Thomas Wade)의 저작 《심진록(尋津錄)》에 나타난 19세기 중반 북경관화(北京官話)의 음운 체계와 특수 독음자(讀音字) 연구

구현아 ( Khoo Hyun-ah ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2020 비교문화연구 Vol.61 No.-

본 논문은 19세기 중반 토마스 웨이드에 의해 지어진 《尋津錄》에 나타난 北京官話의 음운 체계와 특수 독음자에 대해 연구하였다. 《尋津錄》에 나타난 北京官話 체계의 특징에는 ŋ성모가 존재하는 것, tʂ, tʂ‘, ʂ, ɻ, ts, ts‘, s가 uo가 아닌 o와 결합하는 것, 宕江攝 入聲字 운모에 ye가 생성되지 않았으며 대부분 u운미의 운모로 읽히는 것을 들 수 있다. 《尋津錄》이 지어진 淸代 중반 이후는 동북지역과 북경지역 사이의 인구 유입이 활발하게 이루어졌으며, 北京官話와 東北官話의 접촉이 일어나던 시기였다. 《尋津錄》에 드러난 종전의 北京官話 저작에서 출현하지 않는 특수 독음자를 분석한 결과, 山攝 合口 一等 端組字에 u개음이 존재하지 않고, 知精組 성모가 혼동되거나 梗攝 開口 二等 見組 入聲字를 ʨie(혹은 ʨ‘ie)로 읽으며, ‘容’, ‘榮’, ‘融’을 영성모로 읽고, ‘濃’을 əŋ운모로 읽는 특징이 東北官話의 영향을 받은 것임을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같이 《尋津錄》은 19세기 중반 北京官話의 음운 특징 및 東北官話와의 접촉에 대해 말해주며, 이는 北京官話의 변천사를 연구하는데 중요한 가치를 지닌다. In this paper, I studied the phonological system of the Peking dialect and distinct sound of Hsin jing lu, which was created by Thomas Wade in the mid-19th century. This system includes the consonant ŋ, and tʂ, tʂ‘, ʂ, ɻ, ts, ts‘, s combined with o, and the entering tone of Dang-jiang (宕江) group did not produce rhyme ye, most of which has final u. After the middle of the Qing dynasty, increased exchange between the northeastern region of China and the Beijing area brought about contact between the Peking dialect and Northeast Mandarin. Some characters of Shan―she, he, kou, yi, deng, Duan, and zu (山攝 合口 一等 端組) appear inHsin jing lu, but it does not have a medial u or merge zhi, jing, and zu (知精組).隔 and 客 are read as final ie; 容, 榮, and 融 are read with no initial consonant; and 濃 is read as a final əŋ as in Northeast Mandarin. Because Hsin jing lu describes the phonological characteristics of the Peking dialect and its contact with Northeast Mandarin in the mid-19th century, understanding it is important in studying the history of the Peking dialect.