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Botir Khaitov,Mirjalol Umurzokov,조광민,이예진,박기웅,성좌경 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2019 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.46 No.4
Chilli peppers are predominantly cultivated in open field systems under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Abiotic and biotic factors have a considerable effect on plant performance, fruit quantity, and quality. Chilli peppers grow well in a tropical climate due to their adaptation to warm and humid regions with temperatures ranging from 18 to 30°C. Nowadays, chilli peppers are cultivated all around the world under different climatic conditions, and their production is gradually expanding. Expected climate changes will likely cause huge and complex ecological consequences; high temperature, heavy rainfall, and drought have adverse effects on the vegetative and generative development of all agricultural crops including chilli peppers. To gain better insight into the effect of climate change, the growth, photosynthetic traits, morphological and physiological characteristics, yield, and fruit parameters of chilli peppers need to be studied under simulated climate change conditions. Moreover, it is important to develop alternative agrotechnologies to maintain the sustainability of pepper production. There are many conceivable ideas and concepts to sustain crop production under the extreme conditions of future climate change scenarios. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the adverse impacts of climate change and discusses how to find the best solutions to obtain a stable chilli pepper yield.
Biological Control Using Plant Pathogens in Weed Management
Aung Bo Bo,Botir Khaitov,Mirjalol Umurzokov,Kwang Min Cho,Kee Woong Park,Jung Sup Choi 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2020 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.9 No.1
Intensive use of synthetic herbicides increased public concern regarding negative effects on the environment and the emergence of new herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. In recent years, researchers have been actively working on alternative biological weed control methods such as bioherbicides. Bioherbicide as a part of biological weed control in crop production offers many advantages, for instance, it is a selective, host-specific agent to target weeds, no harmful effect on the environment and non-target plants. Several plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria have potential herbicidal activity as a biological agent to control weeds. In order to create a successful bioherbicide, several complex and specific interactions have to be properly conducted between the biological agent and target weed. A few bioherbicides were successful under field conditions for controlling weeds while the effectiveness of other bioherbicidal agents has been limited by restricted host-range, the requirements of complicated formulation, and lack of persistence in the field. This review discusses about biological control methods of weeds in cropping systems through the implementation of an integrated weed management system. The current studies on weed control with phytopathogens, host-pathogen ranges, formulations for practical use, and techniques for enhancement of weed-suppressive activity in conventional and sustainable agricultural systems revealed the importance of bioherbicides as a part of integrated weed management.
Current status and agronomic aspects of herbicide resistance in Korea
보보,정인호,원옥재,WeiQiang Jia,윤혜진,Botir Khaitov,Thi Hien Le,Mirjalol Umurzokov,Farrukh Ruziev,임민주,조광민,박기웅,이증주 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2019 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.46 No.2
Weeds are a serious problem in crop production. Use of synthetic herbicides is rapidly increasing in weed management worldwide including Korea. Herbicide application reduces the time spent on weed control. However, the evolution of resistance to herbicides in weeds has become widespread as a natural response to selection pressure imposed by agricultural management activities. If an herbicide with the same mechanisms of action is used repeatedly and intensively, it can rapidly select for a weed biotype that shifts toward difficult-to-control becoming a more tolerant weed and lead to the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. Moreover, agricultural and biological factors have an important role in the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations. Mitigating the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds relies on reducing selection through the diversification of weed control techniques. The resistance management of weeds in the future will strongly depend on intensive cropping systems. The current situation of intensive cropping systems with their heavy reliance on the efficacy of chemical weed control will not lead to significant containment of this problem. Therefore, management strategies need to overcome the further spread of herbicide resistance in weeds in Korean crop production. This review presents the current information on herbicide resistance in Korea and factors controlling the development of herbicide resistant weeds.
Persistence, Viability and Emergence Rate of Canola (Brassica napus L) in Korean Soil
Mirjalol Umurzokov,WeiQiang Jia,조광민,Botir Khaitov,손수인,조진웅,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2019 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.8 No.4
Estimation of seed persistence, viability and identifi cation of emergence of canola seeds by depth of burial in the soil were the main purposes of this study. One hundred canola seeds were buried at 5, 25, and 30 cm depth of the soil in April and July 2018 at the confined field trials of Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea. Eight removal dates were replicated three times. Burial seeds were exhumed and then intact seeds were tested for germination at monthly intervals. The viability of non-germinated intact seeds was determined by tetrazolium test. The seeds, which were buried at 30 cm depth, could persist longer than the seeds had been buried at 5 and 25 cm. As seeds were buried longer period, intact and dormant seeds were less and deteriorated seeds were more. With regard to emergence of canola, seeds were seeded at diff erent depth of soil and recorded its emergence rate 21 and 28 days after seeding under glasshouse and field conditions respectively. The greatest number was observed when seeds were at 1 cm depth. Seeds did not emerge beyond 13 and 11 cm depth of soil under glasshouse and fi eld conditions respectively. The results of this study will also be useful for future studies of biology and ecology of transgenic canola. However, the persistence of viable canola seeds in Korea is barely understood and further research is needed.
A Review on the Status of Exotic Weed (Chenopodium album L.) in Korea and Methods to Control
레티현,WeiQiang Jia,조광민,Botir Khaitov,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2019 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.8 No.3
Intensive globalization of markets, rises of tourism and exchange of goods have facilitated intentional and unintentional movement of plant species beyond natural geographical barriers. These activities led to the distribution of unwanted plant species in all parts of the world, as well as in Korea. Chenopodium album L. known by many common names fat hen, white goosefoot, and common lamb’s quarters weeds, and belongs to the Chenopodiaceae family and originated from Europe. It is a widespread and troublesome weed in agricultural areas throughout the north temperate regions of the world. C. album thrives as a common weed in gardens, near streams, rivers, forest clearings, fields, waste land, and disturbed soils. Across the world, C. album is considered as one of the most troublesome weeds due to its impacts on agricultural production. In Korea, C. album is also responsible for yield losses in many important crops but no detail evaluation of its impact has been undertaken yet. Therefore, this review aims at providing an up-to-date and comprehensive appraisal about occurrence and distribution, physiological characteristics, economic damage analysis and management system of C. album.